heap

在 Visual C++ 演示如何使用 堆 标准 (STL)模板库函数。

template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
   void make_heap(
      RandomAccessIterator First,
      RandomAccessIterator Last
   )
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
   void sort_heap(
      RandomAccessIterator First,
      RandomAccessIterator Last
   )
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
   void push_heap(
      RandomAccessIterator First,
      RandomAccessIterator Last
   )
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
   void pop_heap(
      RandomAccessIterator First,
      RandomAccessIterator Last
   )

备注

说明
类/参数名在原型不匹配版本在头文件。修改某些提高可读性。

堆是元素顺序组织方式与二叉树。每个堆元素都对应于树节点。在序列 [First的第一个值。Last) 是根并在堆中的最大值。在堆中的每个元素满足以下操作:每个元素小于或等于其父级。最大的元素位于根存储区，因此，所有子级表示进度较小值。make_heap 功能将范围 [First。Last) 到堆。sort_heap 功能排序使用 make_heap 功能，创建的序列。push_heap 功能插入一个新值赋给堆。pop_heap 功能交换堆中的第一个和最后一个元素指定的 [First， Last)，然后减少序列的长度按一个在回收堆属性。堆函数使用 operatorAMP_LT 的 nonpredicate 版本进行比较的。

示例

// heapfunc.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
// 
// Functions:
//    make_heap : convert a sequence to a heap
//    sort_heap : sort a heap
//    push_heap : insert an element in a heap
//    pop_heap  : remove the top element from a heap

// disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 characters,
// okay to ignore
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;

    // Define a template class vector of int
    typedef vector<int > IntVector ;

    //Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
    typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;

    IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ;

    IntVectorIt it ;

    // Initialize vector Numbers
    Numbers[0] = 4 ;
    Numbers[1] = 10;
    Numbers[2] = 70 ;
    Numbers[3] = 10 ;
    Numbers[4] = 30 ;
    Numbers[5] = 69 ;
    Numbers[6] = 96 ;
    Numbers[7] = 100;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    // convert Numbers into a heap
    make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;

    cout << "After calling make_heap\n" << endl ;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    // sort the heapified sequence Numbers
    sort_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;

    cout << "After calling sort_heap\n" << endl ;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    //insert an element in the heap
    Numbers.push_back(7) ;
    push_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;

    // you need to call make_heap to re-assert the
    // heap property
    make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;

    cout << "After calling push_heap and make_heap\n" << endl ;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    // remove the root element from the heap Numbers
    pop_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;

    cout << "After calling pop_heap\n" << endl ;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;
}

Output

Numbers { 4 10 70 10 30 69 96 100  }

After calling make_heap

Numbers { 100 30 96 10 4 69 70 10  }

After calling sort_heap

Numbers { 4 10 10 30 69 70 96 100  }

After calling push_heap and make_heap

Numbers { 100 69 96 30 4 70 10 10 7  }

After calling pop_heap

Numbers { 96 69 70 30 4 7 10 10 100  }

要求

**标题:**algorithm

请参见

概念

标准模板库示例