volatile(C# 参考)
volatile 关键字指示一个字段可以由多个同时执行的线程修改。 声明为 volatile 的字段不受编译器优化(假定由单个线程访问)的限制。 这样可以确保该字段在任何时间呈现的都是最新的值。
volatile 修饰符通常用于由多个线程访问但不使用 lock 语句对访问进行序列化的字段。
volatile 关键字可应用于以下类型的字段:
引用类型。
指针类型(在不安全的上下文中)。 请注意,虽然指针本身可以是可变的,但是它指向的对象不能是可变的。 换句话说,您无法声明“指向可变对象的指针”。
类型,如 sbyte、byte、short、ushort、int、uint、char、float 和 bool。
具有以下基类型之一的枚举类型:byte、sbyte、short、ushort、int 或 uint。
已知为引用类型的泛型类型参数。
可变关键字仅可应用于类或结构字段。 不能将局部变量声明为 volatile。
示例
下面的示例说明如何将公共字段变量声明为 volatile。
class VolatileTest
{
public volatile int i;
public void Test(int _i)
{
i = _i;
}
}
下面的示例演示如何创建辅助线程,并用它与主线程并行执行处理。 有关多线程处理的背景信息,请参见托管线程处理和线程处理(C# 和 Visual Basic)。
using System;
using System.Threading;
public class Worker
{
// This method is called when the thread is started.
public void DoWork()
{
while (!_shouldStop)
{
Console.WriteLine("Worker thread: working...");
}
Console.WriteLine("Worker thread: terminating gracefully.");
}
public void RequestStop()
{
_shouldStop = true;
}
// Keyword volatile is used as a hint to the compiler that this data
// member is accessed by multiple threads.
private volatile bool _shouldStop;
}
public class WorkerThreadExample
{
static void Main()
{
// Create the worker thread object. This does not start the thread.
Worker workerObject = new Worker();
Thread workerThread = new Thread(workerObject.DoWork);
// Start the worker thread.
workerThread.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Main thread: starting worker thread...");
// Loop until the worker thread activates.
while (!workerThread.IsAlive) ;
// Put the main thread to sleep for 1 millisecond to
// allow the worker thread to do some work.
Thread.Sleep(1);
// Request that the worker thread stop itself.
workerObject.RequestStop();
// Use the Thread.Join method to block the current thread
// until the object's thread terminates.
workerThread.Join();
Console.WriteLine("Main thread: worker thread has terminated.");
}
// Sample output:
// Main thread: starting worker thread...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: working...
// Worker thread: terminating gracefully.
// Main thread: worker thread has terminated.
}
C# 语言规范
有关更多信息,请参见 C# 语言规范。C# 语言规范是 C# 语法和用法的权威资料。