如何：在窗体级别处理键盘输入

项目
08/12/2011

Windows 窗体提供在键盘消息到达控件前在窗体级别处理这些消息的功能。本主题演示如何完成此任务。

在窗体级别处理键盘消息

处理启动窗体的 KeyPress 或 KeyDown 事件，将窗体的 KeyPreview 属性设置为 true，使键盘消息在到达窗体上的任何控件之前先被窗体接收。下面的代码示例通过检测所有数字键和使用“1”、“4”和“7”，来处理 KeyPress 事件。

' Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1, 
' 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
' event handler to be called.
Sub Form1_KeyPress(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As KeyPressEventArgs) Handles Me.KeyPress

    If e.KeyChar >= ChrW(48) And e.KeyChar <= ChrW(57) Then
        MessageBox.Show(("Form.KeyPress: '" + _
            e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed."))

        Select Case e.KeyChar
            Case ChrW(49), ChrW(52), ChrW(55)
                MessageBox.Show(("Form.KeyPress: '" + _
                    e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed."))
                e.Handled = True
        End Select
    End If
End Sub

// Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1, 
// 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
// event handler to be called.
void Form1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.KeyChar >= 48 && e.KeyChar <= 57)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
            e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

        switch (e.KeyChar)
        {
            case (char)49:
            case (char)52:
            case (char)55:
                MessageBox.Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                    e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                e.Handled = true;
                break;
        }
    }
}

    // Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1,
    // 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
    // event handler to be called.
private:
    void Form1_KeyPress(Object^ sender, KeyPressEventArgs^ e)
    {
        if ((e->KeyChar >= '0') && (e->KeyChar <= '9'))
        {
            MessageBox::Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

            switch (e->KeyChar)
            {
            case '1':
            case '4':
            case '7':
                MessageBox::Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                    e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                e->Handled = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

示例

下面的代码示例是上面的示例的整个应用程序。该应用程序包含 TextBox 和其他几个控件，通过这些控件，您可以从 TextBox 移动焦点。主 Form 的 KeyPress 事件使用“1”、“4”和“7”，TextBox 的 KeyPress 事件使用“2”、“5”和“8”，同时显示其余键。比较以下两种输出：当在 TextBox 有焦点的情况下按数字键时 MessageBox 的输出，以及当焦点在另一个控件上的情况下按数字键时 MessageBox 的输出。

Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace KeyboardInputForm

     Class Form1
      Inherits Form

        Private WithEvents TextBox1 As New TextBox()

      <STAThread()> _
      Public Shared Sub Main()
         Application.EnableVisualStyles()
         Application.Run(New Form1())
      End Sub

      Public Sub New()
         Me.AutoSize = True

         Dim panel As New FlowLayoutPanel()
         panel.AutoSize = True
         panel.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown
         panel.Controls.Add(TextBox1)
         Me.Controls.Add(panel)

         Me.KeyPreview = True
        End Sub

        ' Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1, 
        ' 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
        ' event handler to be called.
        Sub Form1_KeyPress(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As KeyPressEventArgs) Handles Me.KeyPress

            If e.KeyChar >= ChrW(48) And e.KeyChar <= ChrW(57) Then
                MessageBox.Show(("Form.KeyPress: '" + _
                    e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed."))

                Select Case e.KeyChar
                    Case ChrW(49), ChrW(52), ChrW(55)
                        MessageBox.Show(("Form.KeyPress: '" + _
                            e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed."))
                        e.Handled = True
                End Select
            End If
        End Sub

      ' Detect all numeric characters at the TextBox level and consume  
      ' 2, 5, and 8.
      Sub TextBox1_KeyPress(ByVal sender As Object, _
          ByVal e As KeyPressEventArgs) Handles TextBox1.KeyPress

         If e.KeyChar >= ChrW(48) And e.KeyChar <= ChrW(57) Then
            MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
                e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed."))

            Select Case e.KeyChar
               Case ChrW(50), ChrW(53), ChrW(56)
                  MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
                      e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed."))
                  e.Handled = True
            End Select
         End If
      End Sub

   End Class
End Namespace

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace KeyboardInputForm
{
    class Form1 : Form
    {
        TextBox TextBox1 = new TextBox();

        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        public Form1()
        {
            this.AutoSize = true;

            FlowLayoutPanel panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
            panel.AutoSize = true;
            panel.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown;
            panel.Controls.Add(TextBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(panel);

            this.KeyPreview = true;
            this.KeyPress +=
                new KeyPressEventHandler(Form1_KeyPress);
            TextBox1.KeyPress +=
                new KeyPressEventHandler(TextBox1_KeyPress);
        }

        // Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1, 
        // 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
        // event handler to be called.
        void Form1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.KeyChar >= 48 && e.KeyChar <= 57)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                    e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                switch (e.KeyChar)
                {
                    case (char)49:
                    case (char)52:
                    case (char)55:
                        MessageBox.Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                            e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                        e.Handled = true;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Detect all numeric characters at the TextBox level and consume  
        // 2, 5, and 8.
        void TextBox1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.KeyChar >= 48 && e.KeyChar <= 57)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                    e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                switch (e.KeyChar)
                {
                    case (char)50:
                    case (char)53:
                    case (char)56:
                        MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                            e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                        e.Handled = true;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;

namespace KeyboardInputForm
{
    public ref class Form1 sealed: public Form, public IMessageFilter
    {
        // The following Windows message value is defined in Winuser.h.
    private:
        static const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;
    private:
        TextBox^ inputTextBox;
    public:
        Form1()
        {
            inputTextBox = gcnew TextBox();
            this->AutoSize = true;
            Application::AddMessageFilter(this);
            FlowLayoutPanel^ panel = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel();
            panel->AutoSize = true;
            panel->FlowDirection = FlowDirection::TopDown;
            panel->Controls->Add(gcnew Button());
            panel->Controls->Add(gcnew RadioButton());
            panel->Controls->Add(inputTextBox);
            this->Controls->Add(panel);
            this->KeyPreview = true;
            this->KeyPress +=
                gcnew KeyPressEventHandler(this, &Form1::Form1_KeyPress);
            inputTextBox->KeyPress +=
                gcnew KeyPressEventHandler(this,
                &Form1::inputTextBox_KeyPress);
        }

        // Detect all numeric characters at the
        // application level and consume 0.
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::LinkDemand,
            Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag::UnmanagedCode)]
        virtual bool PreFilterMessage(Message% m)
        {
            // Detect key down messages.
            if (m.Msg == WM_KEYDOWN)
            {
                Keys keyCode =  (Keys)((int)m.WParam) & Keys::KeyCode;
                // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the top of
                // the keyboard, or a number from the keypad.
                if (((keyCode >= Keys::D0) && (keyCode <= Keys::D9))
                    ||((keyCode >= Keys::NumPad0)
                    && (keyCode <= Keys::NumPad9)))
                {
                    MessageBox::Show(
                        "IMessageFilter.PreFilterMessage: '" +
                        keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                    if ((keyCode == Keys::D0) || (keyCode == Keys::NumPad0))
                    {
                        MessageBox::Show(
                            "IMessageFilter.PreFilterMessage: '" +
                            keyCode.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Forward all other messages.
            return false;
        }

        // Detect all numeric characters at the form level and consume 1,
        // 4, and 7. Note that Form.KeyPreview must be set to true for this
        // event handler to be called.
    private:
        void Form1_KeyPress(Object^ sender, KeyPressEventArgs^ e)
        {
            if ((e->KeyChar >= '0') && (e->KeyChar <= '9'))
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                    e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                switch (e->KeyChar)
                {
                case '1':
                case '4':
                case '7':
                    MessageBox::Show("Form.KeyPress: '" +
                        e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                    e->Handled = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Detect all numeric characters at the TextBox level and consume
        // 2, 5, and 8.
    private:
        void inputTextBox_KeyPress(Object^ sender, KeyPressEventArgs^ e)
        {
            if ((e->KeyChar >= '0') && (e->KeyChar <= '9'))
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                    e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                switch (e->KeyChar)
                {
                case '2':
                case '5':
                case '8':
                    MessageBox::Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                        e->KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                    e->Handled = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    };
}

[STAThread]
int main()
{
    Application::EnableVisualStyles();
    Application::Run(gcnew KeyboardInputForm::Form1());
}

编译代码

此示例需要：

对 System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 程序集的引用。

有关从 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 的命令行生成此示例的信息，请参见从命令行生成 (Visual Basic) 或在命令行上使用 csc.exe 生成。也可以通过将代码粘贴到新项目，在 Visual Studio 中生成此示例。有关更多信息，请参见如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例和如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例和如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例和如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例和如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例.

请参见

其他资源

Windows 窗体应用程序中的键盘输入