Walkthrough: Part 1 - Creating a Basic Project System

项目
02/28/2011

In Visual Studio, projects are the containers that developers use to organize source code files and other assets that appear in Solution Explorer. Projects let you organize, build, debug, and deploy source code and create references to Web services, databases, and other resources.

Typically, projects are specified by the contents of a project file, for example, a .csproj file for a Visual C# project. You can create your own project type that has your own project file name extension. For more information about project types, see Project Types.

This walkthrough teaches how to create a project type that has the project file name extension .myproj. To complete the walkthrough, you do not have to create your own language because the walkthrough borrows from the existing Visual C# project system.

备注

For an end-to-end sample of a complete language project system, see the IronPython Sample Deep Dive in Visual Studio Extensibility Samples.

This walkthrough teaches how to accomplish these tasks:

Create a basic project type.
Create a basic project template.
Register the project template with Visual Studio.
Create a project instance by opening the New Project dialog box and then using your template.
Create a project factory for your project system.
Create a project node for your project system.
Add custom icons for the project system.
Implement basic template parameter substitution.

备注

The steps in this walkthrough are based on a C# project. However, except for specifics such as file name extensions and code, you can use the same steps for a Visual Basic project.

Prerequisites

To complete this walkthrough, you must install the Visual Studio 2010 SDK.

备注

For more information about the Visual Studio SDK, see Visual Studio Integration SDK. To find out how to download the Visual Studio SDK, see Visual Studio Extensibility Developer Center on the MSDN Web site.

Locations for the Visual Studio Package Project Template

The Visual Studio Package project template can be found in three different locations in the New Project dialog:

Under Visual Basic Extensibility. The default language of the project is Visual Basic.
Under C# Extensibility. The default language of the project is C#.
Under Other Project Types Extensibility. The default language of the project is C#, but VB and C++ are available.

Creating a Basic Project Type

Project types, just like most Visual Studio extensions, are implemented by VSPackages. For more information about VSPackages, see Walkthroughs for Customizing Visual Studio By Using VSPackages. To create a project type, you must first create a VSPackage.

To create a VSPackage

Create a VSPackage project named SimpleProject.
On the Select a Programming Language page, select Visual C# and Generate a new key file to sign the assembly.
On the Select Test Options page, clear both options and then click Finish.

The template creates a VSPackage project that has the settings that you specified.

Creating a Basic Project Template

Now, you can modify this basic VSPackage to implement the new .myproj project type. To create a project that is based on the .myproj project type, Visual Studio has to know which files, resources, and references to add to the new project. To provide this information, put project files in a project template folder. Then, when a user uses the .myproj project type in the New Project dialog box to create a project, the files are copied to the new project.

To create a basic project template

In Solution Explorer, right-click the SimpleProject project node, point to Add, and then click New Folder. Name the folder Templates.
In the Templates folder, add a folder named Projects.
In the Projects folder, add a folder named SimpleProject.
Right-click the SimpleProject folder, point to Add, and then click New Item. Add an Icon File named SimpleProject.ico. Click Add to open the icon editor.
Make the icon distinctive. This icon will appear in the New Project dialog box later in the walkthrough.
Save the icon and close the icon editor.
In the SimpleProject folder, add a Class item named Program.cs. Click Add to open the code editor.

Replace the existing code by using the following lines.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace $nameSpace$
{
    public class $className$
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello VSX!!!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

备注

The files in the project template may contain template parameters that can be programmatically modified when the files are copied to a new project. Later in the walkthrough, you can learn how to accomplish this for the template parameters, $nameSpace$ and $className$.

Save the file and close the code editor.
In the Properties folder, copy AssemblyInfo.cs and then paste it in the Projects\SimpleProject folder.
In the Properties window, set the Build Action of AssemblyInfo.cs to None.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the SimpleProject folder, point to Add, and then click New Item. Add a XML File item named SimpleProject.myproj. Click Add to open the XML editor.

备注

The file name extension for all projects of this type is .myproj. If you want to change it, you must change it everywhere it is mentioned in the walkthrough.

Replace the existing content by using the following lines.

<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
    <ProjectGuid>{99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999}</ProjectGuid>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <RootNamespace>MyRootNamespace</RootNamespace>
    <AssemblyName>MyAssemblyName</AssemblyName>
    <EnableUnmanagedDebugging>false</EnableUnmanagedDebugging>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
    <DebugSymbols>false</DebugSymbols>
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Reference Include="mscorlib" />
    <Reference Include="System" />
    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="AssemblyInfo.cs">
      <SubType>Code</SubType>
    </Compile>
    <Compile Include="Program.cs">
      <SubType>Code</SubType>
    </Compile>
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
</Project>

Save the file and close the XML editor.
In the Properties window, set the Build Action of Program.cs, SimpleProject.ico, and SimpleProject.myproj to Content, and set their respective Include in VSIX properties to True.

This project template describes a basic Visual C# project that has both a Debug configuration and a Release configuration. The project includes two source files, AssemblyInfo.cs and Program.cs, and several assembly references. When a project is created from the template, the ProjectGuid value is automatically replaced by a new GUID.

In Solution Explorer, the expanded Templates folder should appear as follows:

Templates

Projects

SimpleProject

AssemblyInfo.cs

Program.cs

SimpleProject.ico

SimpleProject.myproj

Creating a Skeletal Project Factory

You must tell Visual Studio the location of your project template folder. To do this, add an attribute to the VSPackage class that implements the project factory so that the template location is written to the system registry when the VSPackage is built. Start by creating a basic project factory that is identified by a project factory GUID. Use the ProvideProjectFactoryAttribute attribute to connect the project factory to the SimpleProjectPackage class.

To create a skeletal project factory

Open Guids.cs in the code editor.
On the Tools menu, click Create GUID.

Create a GUID for your project factory, or use the one in the following example. Add the GUID to the GuidList. The GUID must be in both Guid form and string form. The resulting code should resemble the following example.

static class GuidList
{
    public const string guidSimpleProjectPkgString = 
        "96bf4c26-d94e-43bf-a56a-f8500b52bfad";
    public const string guidSimpleProjectCmdSetString = 
        "72c23e1d-f389-410a-b5f1-c938303f1391";
    public const string guidSimpleProjectFactoryString = 
        "471EC4BB-E47E-4229-A789-D1F5F83B52D4";

    public static readonly Guid guidSimpleProjectCmdSet = 
        new Guid(guidSimpleProjectCmdSetString);
    public static readonly Guid guidSimpleProjectFactory = 
        new Guid(guidSimpleProjectFactoryString);
};

Save the file and close the editor.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the SimpleProject project node, point to Add, and then click New Item. Add a Class named SimpleProjectFactory.cs. Click Add to open the code editor.
Add the following using statement after the other using statements.
```
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
```
Add a Guid attribute to the SimpleProjectFactory class. The value of the attribute is the new project factory GUID.
```
[Guid(GuidList.guidSimpleProjectFactoryString)]
class SimpleProjectFactory
```
Rebuild the solution and verify that it builds without errors.

Now you can register your project template.

To register the project template

Open SimpleProjectPackage.cs in the code editor.

Add a ProvideProjectFactoryAttribute attribute to the SimpleProjectPackage class, as follows.

[ProvideProjectFactory(
    typeof(SimpleProjectFactory), 
    "Simple Project", 
    "Simple Project Files (*.myproj);*.myproj", 
    "myproj", "myproj", 
    @"Templates\Projects\SimpleProject", 
    LanguageVsTemplate = "SimpleProject")]
[Guid(GuidList.guidSimpleProjectPkgString)]
public sealed class SimpleProjectPackage : Package

Rebuild the solution and verify that it builds without errors.

Rebuilding registers the project template.

The ProvideProjectFactory attribute has the following syntax.

public ProvideProjectFactoryAttribute(    Type factoryType,    string name,     string displayProjectFileExtensionsResourceID,    string defaultProjectExtension,    string possibleProjectExtensions,    string projectTemplatesDirectory)

The parameters defaultProjectExtension and possibleProjectExtensions are set to the project file name extension (.myproj). The projectTemplatesDirectory parameter is set to the relative path of the Templates folder. During the build, this path will be converted to a full build and added to the registry to register the project system.

Examining the Template Registration

During the build, Visual Studio creates a file called SimpleProject.pkgdef that includes the information needed to use the template. This is a hidden file in the \bin\debug folder of the project. Open the file to verify that the contents are similar to this:

[$RootKey$\InstalledProducts\SimpleProjectPackage]
@="#110"
"Package"="{f202a1d5-9bf7-424c-a261-d7d2ab364560}"
"PID"="1.0"
"ProductDetails"="#112"
"LogoID"="#400"
[$RootKey$\Packages\{f202a1d5-9bf7-424c-a261-d7d2ab364560}]
@="Company.SimpleProject.SimpleProjectPackage, SimpleProject, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=cf624da7ef057ca0"
"InprocServer32"="$WinDir$\SYSTEM32\MSCOREE.DLL"
"Class"="Company.SimpleProject.SimpleProjectPackage"
"CodeBase"="$PackageFolder$\SimpleProject.dll"
[$RootKey$\Menus]
"{f202a1d5-9bf7-424c-a261-d7d2ab364560}"=", Menus.ctmenu, 1"
[$RootKey$\Projects\{471ec4bb-e47e-4229-a789-d1f5f83b52d4}]
@="SimpleProjectFactory"
"DisplayName"="Simple Project"
"DisplayProjectFileExtensions"="Simple Project Files (*.myproj);*.myproj"
"Package"="{f202a1d5-9bf7-424c-a261-d7d2ab364560}"
"DefaultProjectExtension"="myproj"
"PossibleProjectExtensions"="myproj"
"ProjectTemplatesDir"="$PackageFolder$\Templates\Projects\SimpleProject"
"Language(VsTemplate)"="SimpleProject"
[$RootKey$\NewProjectTemplates\TemplateDirs\{f202a1d5-9bf7-424c-a261-d7d2ab364560}\/1]
@="Simple Project"
"SortPriority"=dword:00000064
"TemplatesDir"="$PackageFolder$\Templates\Projects\SimpleProject"

Note that the GUIDs in your file will be different. They will match the GUIDs in Guids.cs for your project.

Testing the Template Registration

Template registration tells Visual Studio the location of your project template folder so that Visual Studio can display the template name and icon in the New Project dialog box.

To test the template registration

In Visual Studio, press F5 to start an experimental instance of Visual Studio.
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.In the New Project dialog box, select the SimpleProject project type.

The SimpleProject icon appears under Visual Studio installed templates.
Close the experimental instance of Visual Studio.

Now you have a project factory that can demonstrate registration. However, it cannot yet create a project. The project package and project factory work together to create and initialize a project.

Initializing the Project Factory

To implement the connection between the project package and the project factory, complete these tasks:

To the solution, add links to the source-code files for the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package Project framework. This framework is an extension of the Managed Package Framework (MPF). The Project framework is provided only as source code.
Derive SimpleProjectPackage from Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.ProjectPackage.
Create a SimpleProjectFactory and register it with Visual Studio by using the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.RegisterProjectFactory method.
Derive SimpleProjectPackage from Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.ProjectPackage.
Pass to the SimpleProjectFactory constructor a reference to the SimpleProjectPackage. This reference is cached for setting a service provider site later. For more information about services, see Services.

To initialize the project factory

In Solution Explorer, right-click the SimpleProject node and then click Unload Project.
Right-click the SimpleProject node and then click Edit SimpleProject.csproj.
Locate the managed project source files by following this link. Copy these files to a local folder named, for example, C:\MyLocalFolder\Project
In the XML editor, add the following ProjectBasePath element after the RegisterWithCodebase element. Do not break the line that contains the ProjectBasePath element.
```
<RegisterWithCodebase>true</RegisterWithCodebase>
<ProjectBasePath>C:\MyLocalFolder\Project</ProjectBasePath>
```

Add the following Import element after the existing Import elements.

<Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v10.0\VSSDK\Microsoft.VsSDK.targets" />
<Import Project="$(ProjectBasePath)\ProjectBase.Files" />

Save the project file and close the editor.
Right-click the SimpleProject node, and then click Reload Project.Solution Explorer should now display a ProjectBase folder.
Right-click the References node, and add the following .NET references.
- EnvDTE (Visual Studio installation path\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies\EnvDTE.dll)
- Microsoft.VisualStudio.Designer.Interfaces
In the SimpleProjectPackage.cs file, add the following using statement after the existing using statements.
```
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package;
```
Derive the SimpleProjectPackage class from Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.ProjectPackage.
```
public sealed class SimpleProjectPackage : ProjectPackage
```
Add the following line to the SimpleProjectPackage.Initialize method, just after base.Initialize.
```
base.Initialize();
this.RegisterProjectFactory(new SimpleProjectFactory(this));
```
In SimpleProjectFactory.cs, add the following using statement after the existing using statements.
```
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package;
```
Derive the SimpleProjectFactory class from ProjectFactory.
```
class SimpleProjectFactory : ProjectFactory
```
Add the following dummy method to the SimpleProjectFactory class. You will implement this method in a later section.
```
protected override ProjectNode CreateProject()
{
    return null;
}
```
Add the following field and constructor to the SimpleProjectFactory class. This SimpleProjectPackage reference is cached in a private field so that it can be used in setting a service provider site.
```
private SimpleProjectPackage package;

public SimpleProjectFactory(SimpleProjectPackage package)
    : base(package)
{
    this.package = package;
}
```
Rebuild the solution and verify that it builds without errors.

Testing the Project Factory Implementation

Test whether the constructor for your project factory implementation is called.

To test the project factory implementation

In the SimpleProjectFactory.cs file, set a breakpoint on the following line in the SimpleProjectFactory constructor.
```
this.package = package;
```
Press F5 to start an experimental instance of Visual Studio.
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.
In the New Project dialog box, select the SimpleProject project type and then click OK.Execution stops at the breakpoint.
Clear the breakpoint.
Press SHIFT+F5 to stop debugging.

Extending the Project Node Class

Now you can implement the SimpleProjectNode class, which derives from the ProjectNode class. The ProjectNode base class handles the following tasks of project creation:

Copies the project template file, SimpleProject.myproj, to the new project folder. The copy is renamed according to the name that is entered in the New Project dialog box. The ProjectGuid property value is replaced by a new GUID.
Traverses the MSBuild elements of the project template file, SimpleProject.myproj, and looks for Compile elements. For each Compile target file, copies the file to the new project folder.

The derived SimpleProjectNode class handles these tasks:

Enables icons for project and file nodes in Solution Explorer to be created or selected.
Enables additional project template parameter substitutions to be specified.

To extend the project node class

Right-click the SimpleProject project node, point to Add, and then click New Item. Add a Class named SimpleProjectNode.cs. Click Add to open the code editor.

Replace the existing code with the following code.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package;

namespace Company.SimpleProject
{
    public class SimpleProjectNode : ProjectNode
    {
        private SimpleProjectPackage package;

        public SimpleProjectNode(SimpleProjectPackage package)
        {
            this.package = package;
        }
        public override Guid ProjectGuid
        {
            get { return GuidList.guidSimpleProjectFactory; }
        }
        public override string ProjectType
        {
            get { return "SimpleProjectType"; }
        }

        public override void AddFileFromTemplate(
            string source, string target)
        {
            this.FileTemplateProcessor.UntokenFile(source, target);
            this.FileTemplateProcessor.Reset();
        }
    }
}

This SimpleProjectNode class implementation has these overridden methods:

ProjectGuid, which returns the project factory GUID.
ProjectType, which returns the localized name of the project type.
AddFileFromTemplate, which copies selected files from the template folder to the destination project. This method is further implemented in a later section.

The SimpleProjectNode constructor, like the SimpleProjectFactory constructor, caches a SimpleProjectPackage reference in a private field for later use.

To connect the SimpleProjectFactory class to the SimpleProjectNode class, you must instantiate a new SimpleProjectNode in the SimpleProjectFactory.CreateProject method and cache it in a private field for later use.

To connect the project factory class and the node class

In the SimpleProjectFactory.cs file, add the following using statement after the existing using statements.
```
using IOleServiceProvider =    Microsoft.VisualStudio.OLE.Interop.IServiceProvider;
```

Replace the SimpleProjectFactory.CreateProject method by using the following code.

protected override ProjectNode CreateProject()
{
    SimpleProjectNode project = new SimpleProjectNode(this.package);

    project.SetSite((IOleServiceProvider)        ((IServiceProvider)this.package).GetService(            typeof(IOleServiceProvider)));
    return project;
}

Rebuild the solution and verify that it builds without errors.

Testing the Project Node Class

Test your project factory to see whether it creates a project hierarchy.

To test the project node class

Press F5 to start an experimental instance of Visual Studio.
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.
In the New Project dialog box, under Visual Studio installed templates, select SimpleProject.
Select Create Directory for Solution, and type MyProject in the Name box.
Type a location for the solution, for example, D:\.
Click OK.

Visual Studio should call your project factory to create a project.
Close the experimental instance of Visual Studio.

Adding a Custom Project Node Icon

The project node icon in the earlier section is a default icon. You can change it to a custom icon.

To add a custom project node icon

Right-click the Resources folder, point to Add, and then click New Item. Add a Bitmap File named SimpleProjectNode.bmp. Click Add to open the bitmap editor.
In the Properties windows, reduce the bitmap to 16 by 16 pixels. Make the bitmap distinctive.
In the Properties window, change the Build action of the bitmap to Embedded Resource.
In SimpleProjectNode.cs, add the following using statements after the existing using statements.
```
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
```

Add the following static field and constructor to the SimpleProjectNode class.

private static ImageList imageList;

static SimpleProjectNode()
{
    imageList =        Utilities.GetImageList(            typeof(SimpleProjectNode).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(                "Company.SimpleProject.Resources.SimpleProjectNode.bmp"));
}

Add the following property to the beginning of the SimpleProjectNode class.

internal static int imageIndex;
   public override int ImageIndex
   {
       get { return imageIndex; }
   }

Replace the instance constructor by using the following code.

public SimpleProjectNode(SimpleProjectPackage package)
{
    this.package = package;

    imageIndex = this.ImageHandler.ImageList.Images.Count;

    foreach (Image img in imageList.Images)
    {
        this.ImageHandler.AddImage(img);
    }
}

During static construction, SimpleProjectNode retrieves the project node bitmap from the assembly manifest resources and caches it in a private field for later use. Notice the syntax of the Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream image path. To see the names of the manifest resources embedded in an assembly, use the Assembly.GetManifestResourceNames method. When this method is applied to the SimpleProject assembly, the results should be as follows:

Company.SimpleProject.Resources.resources
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.Project.resources
Company.SimpleProject.VSPackage.resources
Resources.imagelis.bmp
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.DontShowAgainDialog.resources
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Package.SecurityWarningDialog.resources
Company.SimpleProject.Resources.SimpleProjectNode.bmp

During instance construction, the ProjectNode base class loads Resources.imagelis.bmp, in which are embedded commonly used 16 x 16 bitmaps from Resources\imagelis.bmp. This bitmap list is made available to SimpleProjectNode as ImageHandler.ImageList. SimpleProjectNode appends the project node bitmap to the list. The offset of the project node bitmap in the image list is cached for later use as the value of the public ImageIndex property. Visual Studio uses this property to determine which bitmap to display as the project node icon.

Testing the Custom Project Node Icon

Test your project factory to see whether it creates a project hierarchy that has your custom project node icon.

To test the custom project node icon

Delete the MyProject solution.
Press F5 to start an experimental instance of Visual Studio.
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.
In the New Project dialog box, under Visual Studio installed templates, select SimpleProject.
Select Create Directory for Solution, and type MyProject in the Name box.
Type a location for the solution, for example, D:\.
Click OK.

Visual Studio should create a project. Notice that SimpleProjectNode.bmp is used as the project node icon.

Open Program.cs in the code editor. You should see source code that resembles the following code.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace $nameSpace$
{
    public class $className$
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello VSX!!!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Notice that the template parameters $nameSpace$ and $className$ do not have new values. You can implement template parameter substitution in the next section.

Press SHIFT+F5 to stop debugging.

Substituting Template Parameters

In an earlier section, you registered the project template with Visual Studio by using the ProvideProjectFactory attribute. Registering the path of a template folder in this manner lets you enable basic template parameter substitution by overriding and expanding the ProjectNode.AddFileFromTemplate class. For more information, see New Project Generation: Under the Hood, Part Two.

To replace the values of template parameters $nameSpace$ and $className$ in the Program.cs file template, you must add code to the AddFileFromTemplate class.

To substitute template parameters

In the SimpleProjectPackage.cs file, add the following using statement after the existing using statements.
```
using System.IO;
```

Replace the AddFileFromTemplate method by using the following code.

public override void AddFileFromTemplate(
    string source, string target)
{
    string nameSpace = 
        this.FileTemplateProcessor.GetFileNamespace(target, this);
    string className = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(target);

    this.FileTemplateProcessor.AddReplace("$nameSpace$", nameSpace);
    this.FileTemplateProcessor.AddReplace("$className$", className);

    this.FileTemplateProcessor.UntokenFile(source, target);
    this.FileTemplateProcessor.Reset();
}

Set a breakpoint in the method, just after the className assignment statement.

The assignment statements determine reasonable values for a namespace and a new class name. The two ProjectNode.FileTemplateProcessor.AddReplace method calls replace the corresponding template parameter values by using these new values.

Testing the Template Parameter Substitution

Test your project factory to see if it creates a project hierarchy with your custom project node icon.

To test the template parameter substitution

Delete the MyProject solution.
Press F5 to start an experimental instance of Visual Studio.
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Project.
In the New Project dialog box, under Visual Studio installed templates, select SimpleProject.
Select Create Directory for Solution, and type MyProject in the Name box.
Type a location for the solution, for example, D:\.
Click OK.

Execution stops at the breakpoint in the AddFileFromTemplate method.
Examine the values for the nameSpace and className parameters.
- nameSpace is given the value of the <RootNamespace> element in the \Templates\Projects\SimpleProject\SimpleProject.myproj project template file. In this case, the value is "MyRootNamespace".
- className is given the value of the class source file name, without the file name extension. In this case, the first file to be copied to the destination folder is AssemblyInfo.cs; therefore, the value of className is "AssemblyInfo".
Remove the breakpoint and press F5 to continue execution.

Visual Studio should finish creating a project.