演练：使用两个 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件创建一个主/从窗体

项目
08/18/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

使用 DataGridView 控件的一种最常见方案是“主/详细信息”窗体，这样的窗体可显示两个数据库表之间的父/子关系。如果选择主表中的行，将导致以相应的子数据来更新详细信息表。

主/详细信息窗体很容易实现，这需要使用 DataGridView 控件和 BindingSource 组件之间的交互。在本演练中，将使用两个 DataGridView 控件和两个 BindingSource 组件来生成窗体。窗体将显示 Northwind SQL Server 示例数据库中的两个相关表：Customers 和 Orders。完成后，将得到一个窗体，它可以在主 DataGridView 中显示数据库中的所有客户，并在详细信息 DataGridView 中显示所选客户的所有订单。

若要以单个列表的形式复制本主题中的代码，请参见如何：使用两个 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件创建一个主/从窗体。

先决条件

若要完成本演练，您需要：

对 Northwind SQL Server 示例数据库所在的服务器的访问权限。

创建窗体

创建主/详细信息窗体

创建一个从 Form 派生的类，该类包含两个 DataGridView 控件和两个 BindingSource 组件。下面的代码提供了基本的窗体初始化，并包含一个 Main 方法。如果使用 Visual Studio 设计器来创建窗体，则可以使用设计器生成的代码而不是这里的代码，但一定要使用这里的变量声明中显示的名称。

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private masterDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private masterBindingSource As New BindingSource()
    Private detailsDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private detailsBindingSource As New BindingSource()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initializes the form.
    Public Sub New()

        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Dim splitContainer1 As New SplitContainer()
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView)
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView)

        Me.Controls.Add(splitContainer1)
        Me.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo"

    End Sub


...


End Class

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView masterDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource masterBindingSource = new BindingSource();
    private DataGridView detailsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource detailsBindingSource = new BindingSource();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initializes the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        SplitContainer splitContainer1 = new SplitContainer();
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView);
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView);

        this.Controls.Add(splitContainer1);
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo";
    }


...


}

在窗体的类定义中实现一个方法，用于处理有关与数据库的连接的详细信息。此示例使用 GetData 方法来填充 DataSet 对象，并向数据集添加 DataRelation 对象，还要绑定 BindingSource 组件。务必将 connectionString 变量设置为适用于您的数据库的值。

安全说明：
将敏感信息（如密码）存储在连接字符串中可能会影响应用程序的安全性。若要控制对数据库的访问，一种较为安全的方法是使用 Windows 身份验证（也称为集成安全性）。有关更多信息，请参见保护连接信息 (ADO.NET)。

Private Sub GetData()

    Try
        ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        ' database accessible to your system.
        Dim connectionString As String = _
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" & _
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"
        Dim connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)

        ' Create a DataSet.
        Dim data As New DataSet()
        data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture

        ' Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
        Dim masterDataAdapter As _
            New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection)
        masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers")

        ' Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
        Dim detailsDataAdapter As _
            New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection)
        detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders")

        ' Establish a relationship between the two tables.
        Dim relation As New DataRelation("CustomersOrders", _
            data.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustomerID"), _
            data.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustomerID"))
        data.Relations.Add(relation)

        ' Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
        masterBindingSource.DataSource = data
        masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers"

        ' Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
        ' using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the 
        ' details table based on the current row in the master table. 
        detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource
        detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders"
    Catch ex As SqlException
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " & _
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " & _
            "valid for your system.")
    End Try

End Sub

private void GetData()
{
    try
    {
        // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        // database accessible to your system.
        String connectionString =
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";
        SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

        // Create a DataSet.
        DataSet data = new DataSet();
        data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

        // Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
        SqlDataAdapter masterDataAdapter = new
            SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection);
        masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers");

        // Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
        SqlDataAdapter detailsDataAdapter = new
            SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection);
        detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders");

        // Establish a relationship between the two tables.
        DataRelation relation = new DataRelation("CustomersOrders",
            data.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustomerID"],
            data.Tables["Orders"].Columns["CustomerID"]);
        data.Relations.Add(relation);

        // Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
        masterBindingSource.DataSource = data;
        masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers";

        // Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
        // using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the 
        // details table based on the current row in the master table. 
        detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
        detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders";
    }
    catch (SqlException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
            "valid for your system.");
    }
}

为窗体的 Load 事件实现一个处理程序，该事件将 DataGridView 控件绑定到 BindingSource 组件，并调用 GetData 方法。下面的示例所包括的代码可以调整 DataGridView 列的大小，以容纳所显示的数据。

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
    ' components and load the data from the database.
    masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource
    detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource
    GetData()

    ' Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
    masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns()

    ' Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
    ' adjust their widths when the data changes.
    detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode = _
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
    // components and load the data from the database.
    masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
    detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource;
    GetData();

    // Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
    masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns();

    // Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
    // adjust their widths when the data changes.
    detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode = 
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells;
}

测试应用程序

现在可以测试窗体，以确保它的行为与预期相同。

测试窗体

编译并运行应用程序。

您将看到两个 DataGridView 控件，一个在另一个的上面。上面一个是来自 Northwind Customers 表的客户，下面一个是与所选客户对应的 Orders。在上面的 DataGridView 中选择不同行时，下面的 DataGridView 的内容将相应地发生更改。

后续步骤

此应用程序使您对 DataGridView 控件的功能有一个基本了解。您可以通过以下几种方法来自定义 DataGridView 控件的外观和行为：

更改边框和标题样式。有关更多信息，请参见如何：更改 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的边框和网格线的样式。
允许或限制用户向 DataGridView 控件中输入数据。有关更多信息，请参见如何：防止在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中添加和删除行和如何：使 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的列只读。
对用户在 DataGridView 控件中输入的数据进行验证。有关更多信息，请参见演练：验证 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的数据。
使用虚拟模式处理特大数据集。有关更多信息，请参见演练：在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中实现虚拟模式。
自定义单元格的外观。有关更多信息，请参见如何：自定义 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中单元格的外观和如何：设置 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件的默认单元格样式。

请参见

通过