不要捕捉一般异常类型

更新：2007 年 11 月

TypeName	DoNotCatchGeneralExceptionTypes
CheckId	CA1031
类别	Microsoft.Design
是否重大更改	否

原因

catch 语句中捕捉了 System.Exception 或 System.SystemException，或者使用了一般 catch 子句。

规则说明

不应捕捉一般异常。

如何修复冲突

要修复与该规则的冲突，请捕捉更具体的异常，或者在执行 catch 块中的最后一条语句时重新引发一般异常。

何时禁止显示警告

不要禁止显示此规则发出的警告。捕捉一般异常类型可以对库用户隐藏运行时问题，并且可以增加调试的复杂程度。

示例

下面的示例演示一个与该规则冲突的类型，以及一个正确地实现 catch 块的类型。

Imports System
Imports System.IO

Namespace DesignLibrary

    ' Creates two violations of the rule.
    Public Class GenericExceptionsCaught

        Dim inStream  As FileStream 
        Dim outStream As FileStream 

        Sub New(inFile As String, outFile As String)

            Try
                inStream = File.Open(inFile, FileMode.Open)
            Catch ex As SystemException
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile)
            End Try

            Try
                outStream = File.Open(outFile, FileMode.Open)
            Catch
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", outFile)
            End Try

        End Sub

    End Class

    Public Class GenericExceptionsCaughtFixed

        Dim inStream  As FileStream 
        Dim outStream As FileStream 

        Sub New(inFile As String, outFile As String)

            Try
                inStream = File.Open(inFile, FileMode.Open)

            ' Fix the first violation by catching a specific exception.
            Catch ex As FileNotFoundException
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile)
            End Try

            Try
                outStream = File.Open(outFile, FileMode.Open)

            ' Fix the second violation by re-throwing the generic 
            ' exception at the end of the catch block.
            Catch
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile)
            Throw
            End Try

        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace DesignLibrary
{
    // Creates two violations of the rule.
    public class GenericExceptionsCaught
    {
        FileStream inStream;
        FileStream outStream;

        public GenericExceptionsCaught(string inFile, string outFile)
        {
            try
            {
                inStream = File.Open(inFile, FileMode.Open);
            }
            catch(SystemException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile);
            }

            try
            {
                outStream = File.Open(outFile, FileMode.Open);
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", outFile);
            }
        }
    }

    public class GenericExceptionsCaughtFixed
    {
        FileStream inStream;
        FileStream outStream;

        public GenericExceptionsCaughtFixed(string inFile, string outFile)
        {
            try
            {
                inStream = File.Open(inFile, FileMode.Open);
            }

            // Fix the first violation by catching a specific exception.
            catch(FileNotFoundException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile);
            }

            try
            {
                outStream = File.Open(outFile, FileMode.Open);
            }

            // Fix the second violation by re-throwing the generic 
            // exception at the end of the catch block.
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", outFile);
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;

namespace DesignLibrary
{
    // Creates two violations of the rule.
    public ref class GenericExceptionsCaught
    {
        FileStream^ inStream;
        FileStream^ outStream;

    public:
        GenericExceptionsCaught(String^ inFile, String^ outFile)
        {
            try
            {
                inStream = File::Open(inFile, FileMode::Open);
            }
            catch(SystemException^ e)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile);
            }

            try
            {
                outStream = File::Open(outFile, FileMode::Open);
            }
            catch(Exception^ e)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", outFile);
            }
        }
    };

    public ref class GenericExceptionsCaughtFixed
    {
        FileStream^ inStream;
        FileStream^ outStream;

    public:
        GenericExceptionsCaughtFixed(String^ inFile, String^ outFile)
        {
            try
            {
                inStream = File::Open(inFile, FileMode::Open);
            }

            // Fix the first violation by catching a specific exception.
            catch(FileNotFoundException^ e)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", inFile);
            }

            try
            {
                outStream = File::Open(outFile, FileMode::Open);
            }

            // Fix the second violation by re-throwing the generic 
            // exception at the end of the catch block.
            catch(Exception^ e)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Unable to open {0}.", outFile);
                throw;
            }
        }
    };
}

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