XML 序列化示例
XML 序列化可以采用从简单到复杂的多种形式。例如,可以序列化只包含公共字段和公共属性的类,如 XML 序列化简介中所示。下面的代码示例讨论各种高级方案,包括如何使用 XML 序列化生成符合特定 XML 架构 (XSD) 文档的 XML 流。
序列化数据集
除了序列化公共类的实例外,还可序列化 DataSet 的实例,如下面的代码示例所示。
Private Sub SerializeDataSet(filename As String)
Dim ser As XmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(GetType(DataSet))
' Creates a DataSet; adds a table, column, and ten rows.
Dim ds As DataSet = new DataSet("myDataSet")
Dim t As DataTable = new DataTable("table1")
Dim c As DataColumn = new DataColumn("thing")
t.Columns.Add(c)
ds.Tables.Add(t)
Dim r As DataRow
Dim i As Integer
for i = 0 to 10
r = t.NewRow()
r(0) = "Thing " & i
t.Rows.Add(r)
Next
Dim writer As TextWriter = new StreamWriter(filename)
ser.Serialize(writer, ds)
writer.Close()
End Sub
private void SerializeDataSet(string filename){
XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(DataSet));
// Creates a DataSet; adds a table, column, and ten rows.
DataSet ds = new DataSet("myDataSet");
DataTable t = new DataTable("table1");
DataColumn c = new DataColumn("thing");
t.Columns.Add(c);
ds.Tables.Add(t);
DataRow r;
for(int i = 0; i<10;i++){
r = t.NewRow();
r[0] = "Thing " + i;
t.Rows.Add(r);
}
TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
ser.Serialize(writer, ds);
writer.Close();
}
序列化 XmlElement 和 XmlNode
还可序列化 XmlElement 或 XmlNode 类的实例,如下面的代码示例所示。
private Sub SerializeElement(filename As String)
Dim ser As XmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(GetType(XmlElement))
Dim myElement As XmlElement = _
new XmlDocument().CreateElement("MyElement", "ns")
myElement.InnerText = "Hello World"
Dim writer As TextWriter = new StreamWriter(filename)
ser.Serialize(writer, myElement)
writer.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub SerializeNode(filename As String)
Dim ser As XmlSerializer = _
new XmlSerializer(GetType(XmlNode))
Dim myNode As XmlNode = new XmlDocument(). _
CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "MyNode", "ns")
myNode.InnerText = "Hello Node"
Dim writer As TextWriter = new StreamWriter(filename)
ser.Serialize(writer, myNode)
writer.Close()
End Sub
private void SerializeElement(string filename){
XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XmlElement));
XmlElement myElement=
new XmlDocument().CreateElement("MyElement", "ns");
myElement.InnerText = "Hello World";
TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
ser.Serialize(writer, myElement);
writer.Close();
}
private void SerializeNode(string filename){
XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XmlNode));
XmlNode myNode= new XmlDocument().
CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "MyNode", "ns");
myNode.InnerText = "Hello Node";
TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
ser.Serialize(writer, myNode);
writer.Close();
}
序列化包含返回复杂对象的字段的类
如果属性或字段返回一个复杂对象(如数组或类实例),则 XmlSerializer 将其转换为嵌套在主 XML 文档内的元素。例如,以下代码示例中的第一个类返回第二个类的实例。
Public Class PurchaseOrder
Public MyAdress As Address
End Class
Public Class Address
Public FirstName As String
End Class
public class PurchaseOrder
{
public Address MyAddress;
}
public class Address
{
public string FirstName;
}
已序列化的 XML 输出可能如下所示。
<PurchaseOrder>
<Address>
<FirstName>George</FirstName>
</Address>
</PurchaseOrder>
序列化对象数组
还可以序列化返回对象数组的字段,如下面的代码示例所示。
Public Class PurchaseOrder
public ItemsOrders () As Item
End Class
Public Class Item
Public ItemID As String
Public ItemPrice As decimal
End Class
public class PurchaseOrder
{
public Item [] ItemsOrders
}
public class Item
{
public string ItemID
public decimal ItemPrice
}
如果两个项已排序,则已序列化的类实例可能如下所示。
<PurchaseOrder xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Items>
<Item>
<ItemID>aaa111</ItemID>
<ItemPrice>34.22</ItemPrice>
<Item>
<Item>
<ItemID>bbb222</ItemID>
<ItemPrice>2.89</ItemPrice>
<Item>
</Items>
</PurchaseOrder>
序列化实现 ICollection 接口的类
您可以通过实现 ICollection 接口创建自己的集合类,并使用 XmlSerializer 序列化这些类的实例。请注意,当类实现 ICollection 接口时,只序列化该类包含的集合,而不会序列化添加至该类的任何公共属性或字段。该类必须包含 Add 方法和 Item 属性(C# 索引器)才能被序列化。
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Xml.Serialization
Public Class Test
Shared Sub Main()
Dim t As Test= new Test()
t.SerializeCollection("coll.xml")
End Sub
Private Sub SerializeCollection(filename As String)
Dim Emps As Employees = new Employees()
' Note that only the collection is serialized -- not the
' CollectionName or any other public property of the class.
Emps.CollectionName = "Employees"
Dim John100 As Employee = new Employee("John", "100xxx")
Emps.Add(John100)
Dim x As XmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(GetType(Employees))
Dim writer As TextWriter = new StreamWriter(filename)
x.Serialize(writer, Emps)
writer.Close()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Employees
Implements ICollection
Public CollectionName As String
Private empArray As ArrayList = new ArrayList()
Public ReadOnly Default Overloads _
Property Item(index As Integer) As Employee
get
return CType (empArray(index), Employee)
End Get
End Property
Public Sub CopyTo(a As Array, index As Integer) _
Implements ICollection.CopyTo
empArray.CopyTo(a, index)
End Sub
Public ReadOnly Property Count () As integer Implements _
ICollection.Count
get
Count = empArray.Count
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property SyncRoot ()As Object _
Implements ICollection.SyncRoot
get
return me
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property IsSynchronized () As Boolean _
Implements ICollection.IsSynchronized
get
return false
End Get
End Property
Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator _
Implements IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
return empArray.GetEnumerator()
End Function
Public Function Add(newEmployee As Employee) As Integer
empArray.Add(newEmployee)
return empArray.Count
End Function
End Class
Public Class Employee
Public EmpName As String
Public EmpID As String
Public Sub New ()
End Sub
Public Sub New (newName As String , newID As String )
EmpName = newName
EmpID = newID
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
public class Test{
static void Main(){
Test t = new Test();
t.SerializeCollection("coll.xml");
}
private void SerializeCollection(string filename){
Employees Emps = new Employees();
// Note that only the collection is serialized -- not the
// CollectionName or any other public property of the class.
Emps.CollectionName = "Employees";
Employee John100 = new Employee("John", "100xxx");
Emps.Add(John100);
XmlSerializer x = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Employees));
TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
x.Serialize(writer, Emps);
}
}
public class Employees:ICollection{
public string CollectionName;
private ArrayList empArray = new ArrayList();
public Employee this[int index]{
get{return (Employee) empArray[index];}
}
public void CopyTo(Array a, int index){
empArray.CopyTo(a, index);
}
public int Count{
get{return empArray.Count;}
}
public object SyncRoot{
get{return this;}
}
public bool IsSynchronized{
get{return false;}
}
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator(){
return empArray.GetEnumerator();
}
public void Add(Employee newEmployee){
empArray.Add(newEmployee);
}
}
public class Employee{
public string EmpName;
public string EmpID;
public Employee(){}
public Employee(string empName, string empID){
EmpName = empName;
EmpID = empID;
}
}
订单示例
您可以将下面的示例代码剪切并粘贴到以 .cs 或 .vb 文件扩展名重命名的文本文件中。使用 C# 或 Visual Basic 编译器编译该文件,然后使用生成的可执行文件的名称运行该文件。
此示例使用一个简单方案演示如何创建对象的实例,并使用 Serialize 方法将该对象实例序列化为文件流。将 XML 流保存到文件,然后使用 Deserialize 方法读回该文件,并将其重新构造为原始对象的副本。
在此示例中,对名为 PurchaseOrder
的类进行序列化,然后进行反序列化。另一个名为 Address
的类也包含在内,因为名为 ShipTo
的公共字段必须设置为 Address
。同样,OrderedItem
类也包含在内,因为 OrderedItem
对象的数组必须设置为 OrderedItems
字段。最后,名为 Test
的类包含序列化和反序列化这些类的代码。
CreatePO
方法创建 PurchaseOrder
、Address
和 OrderedItem
类对象,并设置公共字段值。该方法还构造 XmlSerializer 类的实例,该类用于序列化和反序列化 PurchaseOrder
。请注意,代码传递的是将序列化为构造函数的类的类型。代码还创建 FileStream,用于将 XML 流写入 XML 文档。
ReadPo
方法稍简单一些。它只创建要反序列化的对象并读出它们的值。与 CreatePo
方法一样,您必须先构造 XmlSerializer,并将要反序列化的类的类型传递给该构造函数。此外,还需要使用 FileStream 读取 XML 文档。要反序列化对象,请调用带有 FileStream 参数的 Deserialize 方法。已反序列化的对象必须强制转换为 PurchaseOrder
类型的对象变量。然后代码读取已反序列化的 PurchaseOrder
的值。请注意,您还可以读取 PO.xml 文件,创建该文件是为了查看实际的 XML 输出。
Imports System
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Serialization
Imports System.IO
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
' The XmlRootAttribute allows you to set an alternate name
' (PurchaseOrder) for the XML element and its namespace. By
' default, the XmlSerializer uses the class name. The attribute
' also allows you to set the XML namespace for the element. Lastly,
' the attribute sets the IsNullable property, which specifies whether
' the xsi:null attribute appears if the class instance is set to
' a null reference.
<XmlRootAttribute("PurchaseOrder", _
Namespace := "http://www.cpandl.com", IsNullable := False)> _
Public Class PurchaseOrder
Public ShipTo As Address
Public OrderDate As String
' The XmlArrayAttribute changes the XML element name
' from the default of "OrderedItems" to "Items".
<XmlArrayAttribute("Items")> _
Public OrderedItems() As OrderedItem
Public SubTotal As Decimal
Public ShipCost As Decimal
Public TotalCost As Decimal
End Class
Public Class Address
' The XmlAttribute instructs the XmlSerializer to serialize the
' Name field as an XML attribute instead of an XML element (the
' default behavior).
<XmlAttribute()> _
Public Name As String
Public Line1 As String
' Setting the IsNullable property to false instructs the
' XmlSerializer that the XML attribute will not appear if
' the City field is set to a null reference.
<XmlElementAttribute(IsNullable := False)> _
Public City As String
Public State As String
Public Zip As String
End Class
Public Class OrderedItem
Public ItemName As String
Public Description As String
Public UnitPrice As Decimal
Public Quantity As Integer
Public LineTotal As Decimal
' Calculate is a custom method that calculates the price per item
' and stores the value in a field.
Public Sub Calculate()
LineTotal = UnitPrice * Quantity
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Test
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Read and write purchase orders.
Dim t As New Test()
t.CreatePO("po.xml")
t.ReadPO("po.xml")
End Sub
Private Sub CreatePO(filename As String)
' Creates an instance of the XmlSerializer class;
' specifies the type of object to serialize.
Dim serializer As New XmlSerializer(GetType(PurchaseOrder))
Dim writer As New StreamWriter(filename)
Dim po As New PurchaseOrder()
' Creates an address to ship and bill to.
Dim billAddress As New Address()
billAddress.Name = "Teresa Atkinson"
billAddress.Line1 = "1 Main St."
billAddress.City = "AnyTown"
billAddress.State = "WA"
billAddress.Zip = "00000"
' Set ShipTo and BillTo to the same addressee.
po.ShipTo = billAddress
po.OrderDate = System.DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString()
' Creates an OrderedItem.
Dim i1 As New OrderedItem()
i1.ItemName = "Widget S"
i1.Description = "Small widget"
i1.UnitPrice = CDec(5.23)
i1.Quantity = 3
i1.Calculate()
' Inserts the item into the array.
Dim items(0) As OrderedItem
items(0) = i1
po.OrderedItems = items
' Calculates the total cost.
Dim subTotal As New Decimal()
Dim oi As OrderedItem
For Each oi In items
subTotal += oi.LineTotal
Next oi
po.SubTotal = subTotal
po.ShipCost = CDec(12.51)
po.TotalCost = po.SubTotal + po.ShipCost
' Serializes the purchase order, and close the TextWriter.
serializer.Serialize(writer, po)
writer.Close()
End Sub
Protected Sub ReadPO(filename As String)
' Creates an instance of the XmlSerializer class;
' specifies the type of object to be deserialized.
Dim serializer As New XmlSerializer(GetType(PurchaseOrder))
' If the XML document has been altered with unknown
' nodes or attributes, handles them with the
' UnknownNode and UnknownAttribute events.
AddHandler serializer.UnknownNode, AddressOf serializer_UnknownNode
AddHandler serializer.UnknownAttribute, AddressOf _
serializer_UnknownAttribute
' A FileStream is needed to read the XML document.
Dim fs As New FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open)
' Declare an object variable of the type to be deserialized.
Dim po As PurchaseOrder
' Uses the Deserialize method to restore the object's state
' with data from the XML document.
po = CType(serializer.Deserialize(fs), PurchaseOrder)
' Reads the order date.
Console.WriteLine(("OrderDate: " & po.OrderDate))
' Reads the shipping address.
Dim shipTo As Address = po.ShipTo
ReadAddress(shipTo, "Ship To:")
' Reads the list of ordered items.
Dim items As OrderedItem() = po.OrderedItems
Console.WriteLine("Items to be shipped:")
Dim oi As OrderedItem
For Each oi In items
Console.WriteLine((ControlChars.Tab & oi.ItemName & _
ControlChars.Tab & _
oi.Description & ControlChars.Tab & oi.UnitPrice & _
ControlChars.Tab & _
oi.Quantity & ControlChars.Tab & oi.LineTotal))
Next oi
' Reads the subtotal, shipping cost, and total cost.
Console.WriteLine((ControlChars.Cr & New String _
(ControlChars.Tab, 5) & _
" Subtotal" & ControlChars.Tab & po.SubTotal & ControlChars.Cr & _
New String(ControlChars.Tab, 5) & " Shipping" & ControlChars.Tab & _
po.ShipCost & ControlChars.Cr & New String(ControlChars.Tab, 5) & _
" Total" & New String(ControlChars.Tab, 2) & po.TotalCost))
End Sub
Protected Sub ReadAddress(a As Address, label As String)
' Reads the fields of the Address.
Console.WriteLine(label)
Console.Write((ControlChars.Tab & a.Name & ControlChars.Cr & _
ControlChars.Tab & a.Line1 & ControlChars.Cr & ControlChars.Tab & _
a.City & ControlChars.Tab & a.State & ControlChars.Cr & _
ControlChars.Tab & a.Zip & ControlChars.Cr))
End Sub
Protected Sub serializer_UnknownNode(sender As Object, e As _
XmlNodeEventArgs)
Console.WriteLine(("Unknown Node:" & e.Name & _
ControlChars.Tab & e.Text))
End Sub
Protected Sub serializer_UnknownAttribute(sender As Object, _
e As XmlAttributeEventArgs)
Dim attr As System.Xml.XmlAttribute = e.Attr
Console.WriteLine(("Unknown attribute " & attr.Name & "='" & _
attr.Value & "'"))
End Sub 'serializer_UnknownAttribute
End Class 'Test
using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.IO;
// The XmlRootAttribute allows you to set an alternate name
// (PurchaseOrder) for the XML element and its namespace. By
// default, the XmlSerializer uses the class name. The attribute
// also allows you to set the XML namespace for the element. Lastly,
// the attribute sets the IsNullable property, which specifies whether
// the xsi:null attribute appears if the class instance is set to
// a null reference.
[XmlRootAttribute("PurchaseOrder", Namespace="http://www.cpandl.com",
IsNullable = false)]
public class PurchaseOrder
{
public Address ShipTo;
public string OrderDate;
// The XmlArrayAttribute changes the XML element name
// from the default of "OrderedItems" to "Items".
[XmlArrayAttribute("Items")]
public OrderedItem[] OrderedItems;
public decimal SubTotal;
public decimal ShipCost;
public decimal TotalCost;
}
public class Address
{
// The XmlAttribute instructs the XmlSerializer to serialize the
// Name field as an XML attribute instead of an XML element (the
// default behavior).
[XmlAttribute]
public string Name;
public string Line1;
// Setting the IsNullable property to false instructs the
// XmlSerializer that the XML attribute will not appear if
// the City field is set to a null reference.
[XmlElementAttribute(IsNullable = false)]
public string City;
public string State;
public string Zip;
}
public class OrderedItem
{
public string ItemName;
public string Description;
public decimal UnitPrice;
public int Quantity;
public decimal LineTotal;
// Calculate is a custom method that calculates the price per item
// and stores the value in a field.
public void Calculate()
{
LineTotal = UnitPrice * Quantity;
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
// Read and write purchase orders.
Test t = new Test();
t.CreatePO("po.xml");
t.ReadPO("po.xml");
}
private void CreatePO(string filename)
{
// Creates an instance of the XmlSerializer class;
// specifies the type of object to serialize.
XmlSerializer serializer =
new XmlSerializer(typeof(PurchaseOrder));
TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
PurchaseOrder po=new PurchaseOrder();
// Creates an address to ship and bill to.
Address billAddress = new Address();
billAddress.Name = "Teresa Atkinson";
billAddress.Line1 = "1 Main St.";
billAddress.City = "AnyTown";
billAddress.State = "WA";
billAddress.Zip = "00000";
// Sets ShipTo and BillTo to the same addressee.
po.ShipTo = billAddress;
po.OrderDate = System.DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString();
// Creates an OrderedItem.
OrderedItem i1 = new OrderedItem();
i1.ItemName = "Widget S";
i1.Description = "Small widget";
i1.UnitPrice = (decimal) 5.23;
i1.Quantity = 3;
i1.Calculate();
// Inserts the item into the array.
OrderedItem [] items = {i1};
po.OrderedItems = items;
// Calculate the total cost.
decimal subTotal = new decimal();
foreach(OrderedItem oi in items)
{
subTotal += oi.LineTotal;
}
po.SubTotal = subTotal;
po.ShipCost = (decimal) 12.51;
po.TotalCost = po.SubTotal + po.ShipCost;
// Serializes the purchase order, and closes the TextWriter.
serializer.Serialize(writer, po);
writer.Close();
}
protected void ReadPO(string filename)
{
// Creates an instance of the XmlSerializer class;
// specifies the type of object to be deserialized.
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(PurchaseOrder));
// If the XML document has been altered with unknown
// nodes or attributes, handles them with the
// UnknownNode and UnknownAttribute events.
serializer.UnknownNode+= new
XmlNodeEventHandler(serializer_UnknownNode);
serializer.UnknownAttribute+= new
XmlAttributeEventHandler(serializer_UnknownAttribute);
// A FileStream is needed to read the XML document.
FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open);
// Declares an object variable of the type to be deserialized.
PurchaseOrder po;
// Uses the Deserialize method to restore the object's state
// with data from the XML document. */
po = (PurchaseOrder) serializer.Deserialize(fs);
// Reads the order date.
Console.WriteLine ("OrderDate: " + po.OrderDate);
// Reads the shipping address.
Address shipTo = po.ShipTo;
ReadAddress(shipTo, "Ship To:");
// Reads the list of ordered items.
OrderedItem [] items = po.OrderedItems;
Console.WriteLine("Items to be shipped:");
foreach(OrderedItem oi in items)
{
Console.WriteLine("\t"+
oi.ItemName + "\t" +
oi.Description + "\t" +
oi.UnitPrice + "\t" +
oi.Quantity + "\t" +
oi.LineTotal);
}
// Reads the subtotal, shipping cost, and total cost.
Console.WriteLine(
"\n\t\t\t\t\t Subtotal\t" + po.SubTotal +
"\n\t\t\t\t\t Shipping\t" + po.ShipCost +
"\n\t\t\t\t\t Total\t\t" + po.TotalCost
);
}
protected void ReadAddress(Address a, string label)
{
// Reads the fields of the Address.
Console.WriteLine(label);
Console.Write("\t"+
a.Name +"\n\t" +
a.Line1 +"\n\t" +
a.City +"\t" +
a.State +"\n\t" +
a.Zip +"\n");
}
protected void serializer_UnknownNode
(object sender, XmlNodeEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Unknown Node:" + e.Name + "\t" + e.Text);
}
protected void serializer_UnknownAttribute
(object sender, XmlAttributeEventArgs e)
{
System.Xml.XmlAttribute attr = e.Attr;
Console.WriteLine("Unknown attribute " +
attr.Name + "='" + attr.Value + "'");
}
}
XML 输出可能如下所示。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PurchaseOrder xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.cpandl.com">
<ShipTo Name="Teresa Atkinson">
<Line1>1 Main St.</Line1>
<City>AnyTown</City>
<State>WA</State>
<Zip>00000</Zip>
</ShipTo>
<OrderDate>Wednesday, June 27, 2001</OrderDate>
<Items>
<OrderedItem>
<ItemName>Widget S</ItemName>
<Description>Small widget</Description>
<UnitPrice>5.23</UnitPrice>
<Quantity>3</Quantity>
<LineTotal>15.69</LineTotal>
</OrderedItem>
</Items>
<SubTotal>15.69</SubTotal>
<ShipCost>12.51</ShipCost>
<TotalCost>28.2</TotalCost>
</PurchaseOrder>
请参见
任务
参考
概念
XML 序列化简介
使用属性控制 XML 序列化
用来控制 XML 序列化的属性
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