如何备份和还原数据库 (SQL Server)
本主题说明如何备份和还原使用 Sync Framework 同步的 SQL Server 数据库。此应用程序中的代码主要涉及以下 Sync Framework 类：
有关如何运行示例代码的信息，请参见同步 SQL Server 和 SQL Server Compact 中的“帮助主题中的示例应用程序”。
了解如何备份和还原同步的数据库
与任何生产数据库一样，同步操作涉及的服务器数据库也应定期备份。如果从某个备份还原数据库，Sync Framework 必须更新同步元数据以解决在备份之后可能发生的变更问题。变更分为三个类别：
变更在客户端或另一个对等服务器上执行。
服务器还原后，通过与其他节点同步将最终用这些远程变更来使服务器的信息达到最新。
变更在服务器上执行，并且已将其传播到至少一个客户端或对等服务器。
服务器还原后，通过与其他节点同步将最终用该备份中不包括的这些本地变更来使服务器的信息达到最新。更新元数据以正确处理这种情况。
变更在服务器上执行，但是未将其传播到任何客户端或对等服务器。
对于变更不是备份的一部分的其他情况，此类变更无法还原。
还原服务器后更新元数据
对于表中发生的每个变更，Sync Framework 更新服务器上的元数据来标识变更的时间和来源。其他节点使用此元数据来确定每个节点需要获取服务器上的哪些行。如果变更是在备份后在服务器上发生的且在还原前将这些变更传播到了其他节点，则其他节点将包含每个发生了变更的行的元数据。在从备份还原服务器后，可能为服务器上的后续变更分配标识符，这些标识符与其他节点已包含的标识符冲突。这会导致在同步期间出现冲突，并可能导致不收敛。
为了避免这些问题，Sync Framework 给服务器分配一个新的副本 ID 并更新每个同步的表的几个元数据列。
还原服务器并更新元数据
建立对服务器数据库的排他访问。这将阻止任何本地操作或同步操作更新数据或元数据，直到数据库就绪。
从完整备份和任何差异备份（如果适用）还原 SQL Server 数据库。
启用对数据库的完全访问权限。此时，在服务器上可以发生本地变更，客户端和其他对等服务器可以与该服务器同步。
示例
下面的代码示例通过调用示例 Utility 类中的方法，对服务器数据库进行备份并在数据库中执行变更，然后同步这些变更。
// Backup the server database.
Utility.CreateDatabaseBackup();
// Make changes on the server: 1 insert, 1 update, and 1 delete.
Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server, "Customer");
// Synchronize the three changes.
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn),
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent");
' Backup the server database.
Utility.CreateDatabaseBackup()
' Make changes on the server: 1 insert, 1 update, and 1 delete.
Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server, "Customer")
' Synchronize the three changes.
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn), _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent")
应用程序调用一个存储过程 (usp_SampleDbBackupRestore)，该存储过程包含以下 Transact-SQL 代码用于备份服务器数据库。
BACKUP DATABASE [SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1]
TO DISK = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1.bak'
WITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1-Full Database Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
该过程还包含用于还原服务器数据库的 Transact-SQL 代码。
-- Backup the tail of the log.
BACKUP LOG [SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1]
TO DISK = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1.bak'
WITH NO_TRUNCATE , NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'TestBackupRestore-Transaction Log Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, NORECOVERY , STATS = 10
-- Restore the database.
RESTORE DATABASE [SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1]
FROM DISK = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1.bak'
WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
下面的代码示例还原服务器数据库并调用 PerformPostRestoreFixup() 来更新元数据。应用程序然后再次同步所有节点。
Utility.RestoreDatabaseFromBackup();
// Call the API to update synchronization metadata to reflect that the database was
// just restored. The restore stored procedure kills the connection to the
// server, so we must re-establish it.
SqlConnection.ClearPool(serverConn);
serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server);
SqlSyncStoreRestore databaseRestore = new SqlSyncStoreRestore(serverConn);
databaseRestore.PerformPostRestoreFixup();
Utility.RestoreDatabaseFromBackup()
' Call the API to update synchronization metadata to reflect that the database was
' just restored. The restore stored procedure kills the connection to the
' server, so we must re-establish it.
SqlConnection.ClearPool(serverConn)
serverConn = New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server)
Dim databaseRestore As New SqlSyncStoreRestore(serverConn)
databaseRestore.PerformPostRestoreFixup()
完整的代码示例
下面的完整代码示例包括了上面介绍的代码示例以及其他代码。示例需要 Utility 类，可通过用于数据库提供程序帮助主题的 Utility 类获得该类。
// NOTE: Before running this application, run the database sample script that is
// available in the documentation. The script drops and re-creates the tables that
// are used in the code, and ensures that synchronization objects are dropped so that
// Sync Framework can re-create them.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using Microsoft.Synchronization;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServer;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe;
namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create the connections over which provisioning and synchronization
// are performed. The Utility class handles all functionality that is not
//directly related to synchronization, such as holding connection
//string information and making changes to the server database.
SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server);
SqlConnection clientSqlConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Client);
SqlCeConnection clientSqlCe1Conn = new SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeSync1);
// Create a scope named "customer", and add the Customer table to the scope.
// GetDescriptionForTable gets the schema of the table, so that tracking
// tables and triggers can be created for that table.
DbSyncScopeDescription scopeDesc = new DbSyncScopeDescription("customer");
scopeDesc.Tables.Add(
SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForTable("Sales.Customer", serverConn));
// Create a provisioning object for "customer" and specify that
// base tables should not be created (They already exist in SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1).
SqlSyncScopeProvisioning serverConfig = new SqlSyncScopeProvisioning(scopeDesc);
serverConfig.SetCreateTableDefault(DbSyncCreationOption.Skip);
// Configure the scope and change-tracking infrastructure.
serverConfig.Apply(serverConn);
// Retrieve scope information from the server and use the schema that is retrieved
// to provision the SQL Server and SQL Server Compact client databases.
// This database already exists on the server.
DbSyncScopeDescription clientSqlDesc = SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForScope("customer", serverConn);
SqlSyncScopeProvisioning clientSqlConfig = new SqlSyncScopeProvisioning(clientSqlDesc);
clientSqlConfig.Apply(clientSqlConn);
// This database does not yet exist.
Utility.DeleteAndRecreateCompactDatabase(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeSync1, true);
DbSyncScopeDescription clientSqlCeDesc = SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForScope("customer", serverConn);
SqlCeSyncScopeProvisioning clientSqlCeConfig = new SqlCeSyncScopeProvisioning(clientSqlCeDesc);
clientSqlCeConfig.Apply(clientSqlCe1Conn);
// Initial synchronization sessions.
SampleSyncOrchestrator syncOrchestrator;
SyncOperationStatistics syncStats;
// Data is downloaded from the server to the SQL Server client.
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn),
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "initial");
// Data is downloaded from the SQL Server client to the
// SQL Server Compact client.
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn),
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "initial");
// Remove the backup file because this application requires a drop and recreation
// of the sample database, and the backup must be recreated each time
// the application runs.
Utility.DeleteDatabaseBackup();
// Backup the server database.
Utility.CreateDatabaseBackup();
// Make changes on the server: 1 insert, 1 update, and 1 delete.
Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server, "Customer");
// Synchronize the three changes.
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn),
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent");
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn),
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent");
// Restore the server database from backup. The restored version
// does not contain the three changes that were just synchronized.
Utility.RestoreDatabaseFromBackup();
// Call the API to update synchronization metadata to reflect that the database was
// just restored. The restore stored procedure kills the connection to the
// server, so we must re-establish it.
SqlConnection.ClearPool(serverConn);
serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server);
SqlSyncStoreRestore databaseRestore = new SqlSyncStoreRestore(serverConn);
databaseRestore.PerformPostRestoreFixup();
// Synchronize a final time.
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn),
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent");
syncOrchestrator = new SampleSyncOrchestrator(
new SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn),
new SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn)
);
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize();
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent");
serverConn.Close();
serverConn.Dispose();
clientSqlConn.Close();
clientSqlConn.Dispose();
clientSqlCe1Conn.Close();
clientSqlCe1Conn.Dispose();
Console.Write("\nPress any key to exit.");
Console.Read();
}
}
public class SampleSyncOrchestrator : SyncOrchestrator
{
public SampleSyncOrchestrator(RelationalSyncProvider localProvider, RelationalSyncProvider remoteProvider)
{
this.LocalProvider = localProvider;
this.RemoteProvider = remoteProvider;
this.Direction = SyncDirectionOrder.UploadAndDownload;
}
public void DisplayStats(SyncOperationStatistics syncStatistics, string syncType)
{
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
if (syncType == "initial")
{
Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******");
}
else if (syncType == "subsequent")
{
Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****");
}
Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Uploaded: " + syncStatistics.UploadChangesTotal);
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.DownloadChangesTotal);
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncEndTime);
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
}
}
}
' NOTE: Before running this application, run the database sample script that is
' available in the documentation. The script drops and re-creates the tables that
' are used in the code, and ensures that synchronization objects are dropped so that
' Sync Framework can re-create them.
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlServerCe
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServer
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe
Namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
' Create the connections over which provisioning and synchronization
' are performed. The Utility class handles all functionality that is not
'directly related to synchronization, such as holding connection
'string information and making changes to the server database.
Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server)
Dim clientSqlConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Client)
Dim clientSqlCe1Conn As New SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeSync1)
' Create a scope named "customer", and add the Customer table to the scope.
' GetDescriptionForTable gets the schema of the table, so that tracking
' tables and triggers can be created for that table.
Dim scopeDesc As New DbSyncScopeDescription("customer")
scopeDesc.Tables.Add(SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForTable("Sales.Customer", serverConn))
' Create a provisioning object for "customer" and specify that
' base tables should not be created (They already exist in SyncSamplesDb_SqlPeer1).
Dim serverConfig As New SqlSyncScopeProvisioning(scopeDesc)
serverConfig.SetCreateTableDefault(DbSyncCreationOption.Skip)
' Configure the scope and change-tracking infrastructure.
serverConfig.Apply(serverConn)
' Retrieve scope information from the server and use the schema that is retrieved
' to provision the SQL Server and SQL Server Compact client databases.
' This database already exists on the server.
Dim clientSqlDesc As DbSyncScopeDescription = SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForScope("customer", serverConn)
Dim clientSqlConfig As New SqlSyncScopeProvisioning(clientSqlDesc)
clientSqlConfig.Apply(clientSqlConn)
' This database does not yet exist.
Utility.DeleteAndRecreateCompactDatabase(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeSync1, True)
Dim clientSqlCeDesc As DbSyncScopeDescription = SqlSyncDescriptionBuilder.GetDescriptionForScope("customer", serverConn)
Dim clientSqlCeConfig As New SqlCeSyncScopeProvisioning(clientSqlCeDesc)
clientSqlCeConfig.Apply(clientSqlCe1Conn)
' Initial synchronization sessions.
Dim syncOrchestrator As SampleSyncOrchestrator
Dim syncStats As SyncOperationStatistics
' Data is downloaded from the server to the SQL Server client.
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn), _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "initial")
' Data is downloaded from the SQL Server client to the
' SQL Server Compact client.
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn), _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "initial")
' Remove the backup file because this application requires a drop and recreation
' of the sample database, and the backup must be recreated each time
' the application runs.
Utility.DeleteDatabaseBackup()
' Backup the server database.
Utility.CreateDatabaseBackup()
' Make changes on the server: 1 insert, 1 update, and 1 delete.
Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server, "Customer")
' Synchronize the three changes.
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn), _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent")
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn), _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent")
' Restore the server database from backup. The restored version
' does not contain the three changes that were just synchronized.
Utility.RestoreDatabaseFromBackup()
' Call the API to update synchronization metadata to reflect that the database was
' just restored. The restore stored procedure kills the connection to the
' server, so we must re-establish it.
SqlConnection.ClearPool(serverConn)
serverConn = New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlSync_Server)
Dim databaseRestore As New SqlSyncStoreRestore(serverConn)
databaseRestore.PerformPostRestoreFixup()
' Synchronize a final time.
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn), _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", serverConn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent")
syncOrchestrator = New SampleSyncOrchestrator( _
New SqlSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlConn), _
New SqlCeSyncProvider("customer", clientSqlCe1Conn))
syncStats = syncOrchestrator.Synchronize()
syncOrchestrator.DisplayStats(syncStats, "subsequent")
serverConn.Close()
serverConn.Dispose()
clientSqlConn.Close()
clientSqlConn.Dispose()
clientSqlCe1Conn.Close()
clientSqlCe1Conn.Dispose()
Console.Write(vbLf & "Press any key to exit.")
Console.Read()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class SampleSyncOrchestrator
Inherits SyncOrchestrator
Public Sub New(ByVal localProvider As RelationalSyncProvider, ByVal remoteProvider As RelationalSyncProvider)
Me.LocalProvider = localProvider
Me.RemoteProvider = remoteProvider
Me.Direction = SyncDirectionOrder.UploadAndDownload
End Sub
Public Sub DisplayStats(ByVal syncStatistics As SyncOperationStatistics, ByVal syncType As String)
Console.WriteLine([String].Empty)
If syncType = "initial" Then
Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******")
ElseIf syncType = "subsequent" Then
Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****")
End If
Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Uploaded: " & syncStatistics.UploadChangesTotal)
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.DownloadChangesTotal)
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncEndTime)
Console.WriteLine([String].Empty)
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace