如何：使用单向和请求-答复协定访问 WCF 服务

项目
02/28/2011

下面的过程描述了如何访问一个 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 服务，该服务定义一个单向协定和一个请求-答复协定，并且未使用双工通信模式。

定义服务

声明服务协定。要成为单向的操作必须在 OperationContractAttribute 中将 IsOneWay 设置为 true。下面的代码声明具有 Add、Subtract、Multiply 和 Divide 的单向操作的 IOneWayCalculator 协定。它还定义称为 SayHello 的请求响应操作。

    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface IOneWayCalculator
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Add(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Subtract(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Multiply(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Divide(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        string SayHello(string name);
    }

实现服务协定。下面的代码实现 IOnewayCalculator 接口。

[ServiceBehavior(ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple, InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall)]
public class CalculatorService : IOneWayCalculator
{
    public void Add(double n1, double n2)
    {
       double result = n1 + n2;
       Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2} ", n1, n2, result);
    }

    public void Subtract(double n1, double n2)
    {
       double result = n1 - n2;
       Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
    }

    public void Multiply(double n1, double n2)
    {
        double result = n1 * n2;
        Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
    }

    public void Divide(double n1, double n2)
    {
        double result = n1 / n2;
        Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
    }

    public string SayHello(string name)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("SayHello({0})", name);
        return "Hello " + name;
    }
}

在控制台应用程序中承载服务。下面的代码演示如何承载服务。

// Host the service within this EXE console application.
public static void Main()
{
   // Define the base address for the service.
   Uri baseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:8000/servicemodelsamples/service");

   // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type and provide the base address.
   using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress))
   {
        // Add an endpoint using the IOneWayCalculator contract and the WSHttpBinding
        serviceHost.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IOneWayCalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "");

      // Turn on the metadata behavior, this allows svcutil to get metadata for the service.
      ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = (ServiceMetadataBehavior) serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>();
      if (smb == null)
      {
            smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
            smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
            serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
      }

      // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners and start listening for messages.
      serviceHost.Open();

      // The service can now be accessed.
      Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
      Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
      Console.WriteLine();
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

访问服务

通过下面的命令行，使用元数据交换终结点地址运行 ServiceModel 元数据实用工具 (Svcutil.exe) 为服务创建客户端类：Svcutil https://localhost:8000/Service。ServiceModel 元数据实用工具 (Svcutil.exe) 将生成一组接口和类，如下面的示例代码所示。

[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
[System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples", ConfigurationName="IOneWayCalculator")]
public interface IOneWayCalculator
{

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(IsOneWay=true, Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/Add")]
    void Add(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(IsOneWay=true, Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/Subtract")]
    void Subtract(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(IsOneWay=true, Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/Multiply")]
    void Multiply(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(IsOneWay=true, Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/Divide")]
    void Divide(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/SayHello", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/IOneWayCalculator/SayHelloResponse")]
    string SayHello(string name);
}

[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
public interface IOneWayCalculatorChannel : IOneWayCalculator, System.ServiceModel.IClientChannel
{
}

[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
public partial class OneWayCalculatorClient : System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<IOneWayCalculator>, IOneWayCalculator
{

    public OneWayCalculatorClient()
    {
    }

    public OneWayCalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName) : 
            base(endpointConfigurationName)
    {
    }

    public OneWayCalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) : 
            base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public OneWayCalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
            base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public OneWayCalculatorClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
            base(binding, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public void Add(double n1, double n2)
    {
        base.Channel.Add(n1, n2);
    }

    public void Subtract(double n1, double n2)
    {
        base.Channel.Subtract(n1, n2);
    }

    public void Multiply(double n1, double n2)
    {
        base.Channel.Multiply(n1, n2);
    }

    public void Divide(double n1, double n2)
    {
        base.Channel.Divide(n1, n2);
    }

    public string SayHello(string name)
    {
        return base.Channel.SayHello(name);
    }
}

请注意，在 IOneWayCalculator 接口中，单向服务操作已将 IsOneWay 属性设置为 true，请求-答复服务操作已将属性设置为默认值 false。此外，请注意 OneWayCalculatorClient 类。这是将用于调用服务的类。

创建客户端对象。

// Create a client
WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding();
EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("https://localhost:8000/servicemodelsamples/service");
OneWayCalculatorClient client = new OneWayCalculatorClient(binding, epAddress);

调用服务操作。

// Call the Add service operation.
double value1 = 100.00D;
double value2 = 15.99D;
client.Add(value1, value2);
Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1})", value1, value2);

// Call the Subtract service operation.
value1 = 145.00D;
value2 = 76.54D;
client.Subtract(value1, value2);
Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1})", value1, value2);

// Call the Multiply service operation.
value1 = 9.00D;
value2 = 81.25D;
client.Multiply(value1, value2);
Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1})", value1, value2);

// Call the Divide service operation.
value1 = 22.00D;
value2 = 7.00D;
client.Divide(value1, value2);
Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1})", value1, value2);

// Call the SayHello service operation
string name = "World";
string response = client.SayHello(name);
Console.WriteLine("SayHello([0])", name);
Console.WriteLine("SayHello() returned: " + response);

关闭客户端，以便关闭连接并清理资源。

//Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
client.Close();

示例

下面列出了本主题中使用的完整代码。

// Service.cs
using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    // Define a service contract. 
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface IOneWayCalculator
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Add(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Subtract(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Multiply(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void Divide(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        string SayHello(string name);
    }
   
    // Service class which implements the service contract.
    // Added code to write output to the console window
    [ServiceBehavior(ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple, InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall)]
    public class CalculatorService : IOneWayCalculator
    {
        public void Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 + n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2} ", n1, n2, result);
        }

        public void Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 - n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
        }

        public void Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 * n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
        }

        public void Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 / n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", n1, n2, result);
        }

        public string SayHello(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("SayHello({0})", name);
            return "Hello " + name;
        }



        // Host the service within this EXE console application.
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Define the base address for the service.
            Uri baseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:8000/servicemodelsamples/service");

            // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type and provide the base address.
            using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress))
            {
                // Add an endpoint using the IOneWayCalculator contract and the WSHttpBinding
                serviceHost.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IOneWayCalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "");

                // Turn on the metadata behavior, this allows svcutil to get metadata for the service.
                ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = (ServiceMetadataBehavior) serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>();
                if (smb == null)
                {
                    smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                    smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
                }

                // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners and start listening for messages.
                serviceHost.Open();

                // The service can now be accessed.
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }
}

// client.cs
using System;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    //The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client
            WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding();
            EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("https://localhost:8000/servicemodelsamples/service");
            OneWayCalculatorClient client = new OneWayCalculatorClient(binding, epAddress);

            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1})", value1, value2);

            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1})", value1, value2);

            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1})", value1, value2);

            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1})", value1, value2);

            // Call the SayHello service operation
            string name = "World";
            string response = client.SayHello(name);
            Console.WriteLine("SayHello([0])", name);
            Console.WriteLine("SayHello() returned: " + response);
            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
            client.Close();


        }
    }
}

另请参见

概念

One-Way Services

通过

如何：使用单向和请求-答复协定访问 WCF 服务

定义服务

访问服务

示例

另请参见

概念

其他资源