如何：从多个源填充对象集合 (LINQ)
此示例演示如何将不同源中的数据合并为一个新类型序列。
备注
不要尝试将内存中的数据或文件系统中的数据与仍在数据库中的数据相联接。此种跨域联接会生成未定义的结果，因为为数据库查询和其他类型的源定义联接运算的方式可能不同。另外，如果数据库中的数据量足够大，则存在此类运算引发内存不足异常的风险。若要将数据库数据与内存中的数据相联接，请首先对数据库查询调用 ToList 或 ToArray，然后对返回的集合执行联接。
创建数据文件
- 创建一个新的 Visual C# 或 Visual Basic 项目，然后将 names.csv 和 scores.csv 文件复制到包含您的解决方案文件夹的文件夹中，如如何：联接不同文件的内容 (LINQ) 中所述。
示例
下面的示例演示如何使用命名类型 Student 来存储两个模拟 .csv 格式的电子表格数据的内存中的字符串集合的合并数据。 第一个字符串集合表示学生姓名和 ID，第二个集合表示学生 ID（在第一列中）和四次考试分数。 将 ID 用作外键。
Class Student
Public FirstName As String
Public LastName As String
Public ID As Integer
Public ExamScores As List(Of Integer)
End Class
Class PopulateCollection
Shared Sub Main()
' Merge content from spreadsheets into a list of Student objects.
' These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from
' Dissimilar Files (LINQ).
' Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
' ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
Dim names As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../names.csv")
' Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test
' scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
Dim scores As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../scores.csv")
' The following query merges the content of two dissimilar spreadsheets
' based on common ID values.
' Multiple From clauses are used instead of a Join clause
' in order to store the results of scoreLine.Split.
' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
' ExamScores member. We skip the first item in the split string
' because it is the student ID, not an exam score.
Dim queryNamesScores = From nameLine In names
Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
From scoreLine In scores
Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
Select New Student() With {
.FirstName = splitName(0), .LastName = splitName(1), .ID = splitName(2),
.ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}
' Optional. Store the query results for faster access in future
' queries. This could be useful with very large data files.
Dim students As List(Of Student) = queryNamesScores.ToList()
' Display each student's name and exam score average.
For Each s In students
Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.FirstName & " " &
s.LastName & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
Next
' Keep console window open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
End Class
' Output:
' The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5
' The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25
' The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5
' The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25
' The average score of Garcia Debra is 67
' The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25
' The average score of Feng Hanying is 88
' The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75
' The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75
' The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25
' The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83
' The average score of Tucker Michael is 92
class Student
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
public List<int> ExamScores { get; set; }
}
class PopulateCollection
{
static void Main()
{
// These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from
// Dissimilar Files (LINQ).
// Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
// ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
string[] names = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../names.csv");
// Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test
// scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
string[] scores = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../scores.csv");
// Merge the data sources using a named type.
// var could be used instead of an explicit type. Note the dynamic
// creation of a list of ints for the ExamScores member. We skip
// the first item in the split string because it is the student ID,
// not an exam score.
IEnumerable<Student> queryNamesScores =
from nameLine in names
let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
from scoreLine in scores
let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
select new Student()
{
FirstName = splitName[0],
LastName = splitName[1],
ID = Convert.ToInt32(splitName[2]),
ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).
ToList()
};
// Optional. Store the newly created student objects in memory
// for faster access in future queries. This could be useful with
// very large data files.
List<Student> students = queryNamesScores.ToList();
// Display each student's name and exam score average.
foreach (var student in students)
{
Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
student.FirstName, student.LastName,
student.ExamScores.Average());
}
//Keep console window open in debug mode
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5.
The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25.
The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5.
The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25.
The average score of Garcia Debra is 67.
The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25.
The average score of Feng Hanying is 88.
The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75.
The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75.
The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25.
The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83.
The average score of Tucker Michael is 92.
*/
在 select 子句中，对象初始值设定项用于使用两个源的数据来实例化每个新 Student 对象。
如果您不需要存储查询结果，则匿名类型会比命名类型更方便。 如果您要将查询结果传递到执行此查询所用的方法外部，则需要使用命名类型。 下面的示例执行的任务与前面的示例相同，但使用匿名类型代替命名类型：
' Merge the data by using an anonymous type.
' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
' ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
' in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
Dim queryNamesScores2 =
From nameLine In names
Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
From scoreLine In scores
Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
Select New With
{.Last = splitName(0),
.First = splitName(1),
.ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}
' Display each student's name and exam score average.
For Each s In queryNamesScores2
Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.First & " " &
s.Last & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
Next
// Merge the data sources by using an anonymous type.
// Note the dynamic creation of a list of ints for the
// ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
// in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
var queryNamesScores2 =
from nameLine in names
let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
from scoreLine in scores
let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
select new
{
First = splitName[0],
Last = splitName[1],
ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText))
.ToList()
};
// Display each student's name and exam score average.
foreach (var student in queryNamesScores2)
{
Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
student.First, student.Last, student.ExamScores.Average());
}
编译代码
按照 如何：联接不同文件的内容 (LINQ) 中的指令设置源文件。
创建一个面向 .NET Framework 3.5 或更高版本的 Visual Studio 项目。 默认情况下，该项目具有对 System.Core.dll 的引用以及针对 System.Linq 命名空间的 using 指令 (C#) 或 Imports 语句 (Visual Basic)。
将此代码复制到您的项目。
按 F5 编译并运行程序。
按任意键退出控制台窗口。