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设置 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 的输出格式

项目
11/07/2024

默认情况下，每个 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 都会将输出设置为易读的格式。 PowerShell 允许转换 cmdlet 输出或将其格式化，方法是将其通过管道输送到下述 cmdlet 之一：

格式设置	转换
Format-Custom	ConvertTo-Csv
Format-List	ConvertTo-Html
Format-Table	ConvertTo-Json
Format-Wide	ConvertTo-Xml

格式化用于在 PowerShell 控制台中显示数据，转换用于生成数据供其他脚本或程序使用。

表输出格式

默认情况下，Azure PowerShell cmdlet 以表格式输出。此格式不显示所请求资源的所有信息：

Get-AzVM

ResourceGroupName           Name Location          VmSize  OsType               NIC ProvisioningState Zone
-----------------           ---- --------          ------  ------               --- ----------------- ----
QueryExample      ExampleLinuxVM  westus2        Basic_A0   Linux examplelinuxvm916         Succeeded
QueryExample         RHELExample  westus2  Standard_D2_v3   Linux    rhelexample469         Succeeded
QueryExample        WinExampleVM  westus2 Standard_DS1_v2 Windows   winexamplevm268         Succeeded

通过 Format-Table 显示的数据量可能受 PowerShell 会话窗口的宽度影响。若要将输出限制为特定的属性并对其排序，可以 Format-Table 的参数的形式提供属性名称：

Get-AzVM -ResourceGroupName QueryExample |
  Format-Table -Property Name, ResourceGroupName, Location

Name           ResourceGroupName Location
----           ----------------- --------
ExampleLinuxVM QueryExample      westus2
RHELExample    QueryExample      westus2
WinExampleVM   QueryExample      westus2

列表输出格式

列表输出格式生成两个列，首先是属性名称，然后是值。对于复杂对象，则会改为显示对象的类型。

Get-AzVM | Format-List

以下输出删除了某些字段。

ResourceGroupName        : QueryExample
Id                       : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM
VmId                     : ...
Name                     : ExampleLinuxVM
Type                     : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location                 : westus2
...
HardwareProfile          : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile
InstanceView             :
NetworkProfile           : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile
OSProfile                : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile
...
StatusCode               : OK

ResourceGroupName        : QueryExample
Id                       : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample
VmId                     : ...
Name                     : RHELExample
Type                     : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location                 : westus2
...

与 Format-Table 一样，可以提供属性名称，对输出进行排序和限制：

Get-AzVM | Format-List -Property ResourceGroupName, Name, Location

ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name              : ExampleLinuxVM
Location          : westus2

ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name              : RHELExample
Location          : westus2

ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Name              : WinExampleVM
Location          : westus2

宽输出格式

宽输出格式仅为每个查询生成一个属性名称。可以将属性作为参数来提供，控制所显示的具体属性。

Get-AzVM | Format-Wide

ExampleLinuxVM                                  RHELExample
WinExampleVM

Get-AzVM | Format-Wide -Property ResourceGroupName

QueryExample                                    QueryExample
QueryExample

自定义输出格式

Custom-Format 输出类型旨在格式化自定义对象。没有任何参数时，它的行为类似于 Format-List，但会显示自定义类的属性名称。

Get-AzVM | Format-Custom

以下输出删除了某些字段。

ResourceGroupName : QueryExample
Id                : /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QueryExample/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM
VmId              : ...
Name              : ExampleLinuxVM
Type              : Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines
Location          : westus2
Tags              : {}
HardwareProfile   : {VmSize}
NetworkProfile    : {NetworkInterfaces}
OSProfile         : {ComputerName, AdminUsername, LinuxConfiguration, Secrets,
AllowExtensionOperations}
ProvisioningState : Succeeded
StorageProfile    : {ImageReference, OsDisk, DataDisks}
...

以 Custom-Format 的参数的形式提供属性名称时，会显示已设置为以下值的自定义对象的属性/值对：

Get-AzVM | Format-Custom -Property Name, ResourceGroupName, Location, OSProfile

以下输出删除了某些字段。

class PSVirtualMachineList
{
  Name = ExampleLinuxVM
  ResourceGroupName = QueryExample
  Location = westus2
  OSProfile =
    class OSProfile
    {
      ComputerName = ExampleLinuxVM
      AdminUsername = ...
      AdminPassword =
      CustomData =
      WindowsConfiguration =
      LinuxConfiguration =
        class LinuxConfiguration
        {
          DisablePasswordAuthentication = False
          Ssh =
          ProvisionVMAgent = True
        }
      Secrets =
        [
        ]

      AllowExtensionOperations = True
    }
}

...

class PSVirtualMachineList
{
  Name = WinExampleVM
  ResourceGroupName = QueryExample
  Location = westus2
  OSProfile =
    class OSProfile
    {
      ComputerName = WinExampleVM
      AdminUsername = ...
      AdminPassword =
      CustomData =
      WindowsConfiguration =
        class WindowsConfiguration
        {
          ProvisionVMAgent = True
          EnableAutomaticUpdates = True
          TimeZone =
          AdditionalUnattendContent =
          WinRM =
        }
      LinuxConfiguration =
      Secrets =
        [
        ]

      AllowExtensionOperations = True
    }
}

转换为其他数据格式

可以使用 ConvertTo-* 系列的 cmdlet 将 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 的结果转换为可供计算机读取的格式。若要只从 Azure PowerShell 结果中获取某些属性，请在执行转换之前使用管道转到 Select-Object cmdlet。以下示例演示每种转换生成的不同类型的输出。

转换为 CSV

Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-CSV

#TYPE Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Compute.Models.PSVirtualMachineList
"ResourceGroupName","Id","VmId","Name","Type","Location","LicenseType","Tags","AvailabilitySetReference","DiagnosticsProfile","Extensions","HardwareProfile","InstanceView","NetworkProfile","OSProfile","Plan","ProvisioningState","StorageProfile","DisplayHint","Identity","Zones","FullyQualifiedDomainName","AdditionalCapabilities","RequestId","StatusCode"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM","...","ExampleLinuxVM","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample","...","RHELExample","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"
"QUERYEXAMPLE","/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/WinExampleVM","...","WinExampleVM","Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines","westus2",,"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]",,,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile",,"Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile",,"Succeeded","Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile","Compact",,"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]",,,"...","OK"

转换为 JSON

JSON 输出默认情况下并不展开所有属性。若要更改展开的属性的深度，请使用 Depth 参数。默认情况下，展开深度为 2。

Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-JSON

以下输出删除了某些字段。

[
    {
        "ResourceGroupName":  "QUERYEXAMPLE",
        "Id":  "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM",
        "VmId":  "...",
        "Name":  "ExampleLinuxVM",
        "Type":  "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
        "Location":  "westus2",
        ...
        "OSProfile":  {
                          "ComputerName":  "ExampleLinuxVM",
                          "AdminUsername":  "...",
                          "AdminPassword":  null,
                          "CustomData":  null,
                          "WindowsConfiguration":  null,
                          "LinuxConfiguration":  "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.LinuxConfiguration",
                          "Secrets":  "",
                          "AllowExtensionOperations":  true
                      },
        "Plan":  null,
        "ProvisioningState":  "Succeeded",
        "StorageProfile":  {
                               "ImageReference":  "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.ImageReference",
                               "OsDisk":  "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSDisk",
                               "DataDisks":  ""
                           },
        "DisplayHint":  0,
        "Identity":  null,
        "Zones":  [

                  ],
        "FullyQualifiedDomainName":  null,
        "AdditionalCapabilities":  null,
        "RequestId":  "...",
        "StatusCode":  200
    },
    ...
]

转换为 XML

ConvertTo-XML cmdlet 将 Azure PowerShell 响应对象转换为单纯的 XML 对象，后者可以进行处理，就像处理 PowerShell 中的任何其他 XML 对象一样。

Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-XML

xml                            Objects
---                            -------
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" Objects

转换为 HTML

将对象转换为 HTML 时，会生成可以呈现为 HTML 表的输出。 HTML 的呈现效果取决于浏览器在呈现不含宽度信息的表时的行为。不展开任何自定义类对象。

Get-AzVM | ConvertTo-HTML

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>HTML TABLE</title>
</head><body>
<table>
<colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>
<tr><th>ResourceGroupName</th><th>Id</th><th>VmId</th><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Location</th><th>LicenseType</th><th>Tags</th><th>AvailabilitySetReference</th><th>DiagnosticsProfile</th><th>Extensions</th><th>HardwareProfile</th><th>InstanceView</th><th>NetworkProfile</th><th>OSProfile</th><th>Plan</th><th>ProvisioningState</th><th>StorageProfile</th><th>DisplayHint</th><th>Identity</th><th>Zones</th><th>FullyQualifiedDomainName</th><th>AdditionalCapabilities</th><th>RequestId</th><th>StatusCode</th></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/ExampleLinuxVM</td><td>...</td><td>ExampleLinuxVM</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/RHELExample</td><td>...</td><td>RHELExample</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
<tr><td>QUERYEXAMPLE</td><td>/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/QUERYEXAMPLE/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/WinExampleVM</td><td>...</td><td>WinExampleVM</td><td>Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines</td><td>westus2</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualMachineExtension]</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.HardwareProfile</td><td></td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.NetworkProfile</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.OSProfile</td><td></td><td>Succeeded</td><td>Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.StorageProfile</td><td>Compact</td><td></td><td>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.String]</td><td></td><td></td><td>...</td><td>OK</td></tr>
</table>
</body></html>

通过

设置 Azure PowerShell cmdlet 的输出格式

表输出格式

列表输出格式

宽输出格式

自定义输出格式

转换为其他数据格式

转换为 CSV

转换为 JSON

转换为 XML

转换为 HTML

其他资源