突出显示 Power BI 视觉对象中的数据点
本文介绍了如何在 Power BI 视觉对象中突出显示数据。
默认情况下,选择元素时,values
将筛选对象中的dataView
数组,以仅显示所选值。 筛选 values
数组后,页面上的所有其他视觉对象仅显示所选数据。
如果将 capabilities.json
文件中的 supportsHighlight
属性设置为 true
,则会生成未经筛选的完整 values
数组和 highlights
数组。 highlights
数组的长度与 values 数组的长度相同,并且任何未选定的值都设置为 null
。 启用此属性后,会将 values
数组与 highlights
数组进行比较来突出显示视觉对象中的相应数据。
在此示例中,请注意:
- 如果不支持突出显示,所选项将是
values
数组中唯一的值,也是数据视图中唯一显示的条形。 - 如果有突出显示支持,所有值都将在
values
数组中。highlights
数组包含未突出显示元素的null
值。 所有条形都显示在数据视图中,突出显示的条形采用不同的颜色。
还可以选择多项和采用部分突出显示。 突出显示的值显示在数据视图中。
注意
表数据视图映射不支持突出显示功能。
用分类数据视图映射功能突出显示数据点
对于具有分类数据视图映射的视觉对象,请将 "supportsHighlight": true
添加到 capabilities.json
文件中。 例如:
{
"dataRoles": [
{
"displayName": "Category",
"name": "category",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Value",
"name": "value",
"kind": "Measure"
}
],
"dataViewMappings": [
{
"categorical": {
"categories": {
"for": {
"in": "category"
}
},
"values": {
"for": {
"in": "value"
}
}
}
}
],
"supportsHighlight": true
}
删除不必要的代码后,默认视觉对象源代码如以下示例所示:
"use strict";
// ... default imports list
import { FormattingSettingsService } from "powerbi-visuals-utils-formattingmodel";
import DataViewCategorical = powerbi.DataViewCategorical;
import DataViewCategoryColumn = powerbi.DataViewCategoryColumn;
import PrimitiveValue = powerbi.PrimitiveValue;
import DataViewValueColumn = powerbi.DataViewValueColumn;
import { VisualFormattingSettingsModel } from "./settings";
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
}
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
}
// Returns properties pane formatting model content hierarchies, properties and latest formatting values, Then populate properties pane.
// This method is called once every time we open properties pane or when the user edit any format property.
public getFormattingModel(): powerbi.visuals.FormattingModel {
return this.formattingSettingsService.buildFormattingModel(this.formattingSettings);
}
}
导入所需接口,以处理来自 Power BI 的数据:
import DataViewCategorical = powerbi.DataViewCategorical;
import DataViewCategoryColumn = powerbi.DataViewCategoryColumn;
import PrimitiveValue = powerbi.PrimitiveValue;
import DataViewValueColumn = powerbi.DataViewValueColumn;
为类别值创建根 div
元素:
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
private div: HTMLDivElement; // new property
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
// create div element
this.div = document.createElement("div");
this.div.classList.add("vertical");
this.target.appendChild(this.div);
}
// ...
}
在呈现新数据之前清除 div 元素的内容:
// ...
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
while (this.div.firstChild) {
this.div.removeChild(this.div.firstChild);
}
// ...
}
从 dataView
对象获取类别和度量值:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
while (this.div.firstChild) {
this.div.removeChild(this.div.firstChild);
}
const dataView: DataView = options.dataViews[0];
const categoricalDataView: DataViewCategorical = dataView.categorical;
const categories: DataViewCategoryColumn = categoricalDataView.categories[0];
const categoryValues = categories.values;
const measures: DataViewValueColumn = categoricalDataView.values[0];
const measureValues = measures.values;
const measureHighlights = measures.highlights;
// ...
}
其中 categoryValues
是类别值数组,measureValues
是度量值数组,measureHighlights
是值的突出显示部分。
注意
如果 measureHighlights
属性的值小于 categoryValues
属性的值,则部分突出显示该值。
枚举 categoryValues
数组并获取相应的值和突出显示的内容:
// ...
const measureHighlights = measures.highlights;
categoryValues.forEach((category: PrimitiveValue, index: number) => {
const measureValue = measureValues[index];
const measureHighlight = measureHighlights && measureHighlights[index] ? measureHighlights[index] : null;
console.log(category, measureValue, measureHighlight);
});
创建 div
和 p
元素,用于显示和直观呈现视觉对象 DOM 中的数据视图值:
categoryValues.forEach((category: PrimitiveValue, index: number) => {
const measureValue = measureValues[index];
const measureHighlight = measureHighlights && measureHighlights[index] ? measureHighlights[index] : null;
console.log(category, measureValue, measureHighlight);
// div element. it contains elements to display values and visualize value as progress bar
let div = document.createElement("div");
div.classList.add("horizontal");
this.div.appendChild(div);
// div element to visualize value of measure
let barValue = document.createElement("div");
barValue.style.width = +measureValue * 10 + "px";
barValue.style.display = "flex";
barValue.classList.add("value");
// element to display category value
let bp = document.createElement("p");
bp.innerText = category.toString();
// div element to visualize highlight of measure
let barHighlight = document.createElement("div");
barHighlight.classList.add("highlight")
barHighlight.style.backgroundColor = "blue";
barHighlight.style.width = +measureHighlight * 10 + "px";
// element to display highlighted value of measure
let p = document.createElement("p");
p.innerText = `${measureHighlight}/${measureValue}`;
barHighlight.appendChild(bp);
div.appendChild(barValue);
barValue.appendChild(barHighlight);
div.appendChild(p);
});
应用所需的元素样式,以使用 flexbox
并定义 div 元素的颜色:
div.vertical {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
div.horizontal {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
div.highlight {
background-color: blue
}
div.value {
background-color: red;
display: flex;
}
结果呈现为视觉对象的以下视图:
用矩阵数据视图映射突出显示数据点
对于具有矩阵数据视图映射的视觉对象,请将 "supportsHighlight": true
添加到 capabilities.json
文件中。 例如:
{
"dataRoles": [
{
"displayName": "Columns",
"name": "columns",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Rows",
"name": "rows",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Value",
"name": "value",
"kind": "Measure"
}
],
"dataViewMappings": [
{
"matrix": {
"columns": {
"for": {
"in": "columns"
}
},
"rows": {
"for": {
"in": "rows"
}
},
"values": {
"for": {
"in": "value"
}
}
}
}
],
"supportsHighlight": true
}
以下示例数据用于创建矩阵数据视图映射的层次结构:
行 1 | 行 2 | 行 3 | Column1 | Column2 | Column3 | 值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R11 | R111 | C1 | C11 | C111 | 1 |
R1 | R11 | R112 | C1 | C11 | C112 | 2 |
R1 | R11 | R113 | C1 | C11 | C113 | 3 |
R1 | R12 | R121 | C1 | C12 | C121 | 4 |
R1 | R12 | R122 | C1 | C12 | C122 | 5 |
R1 | R12 | R123 | C1 | C12 | C123 | 6 |
R1 | R13 | R131 | C1 | C13 | C131 | 7 |
R1 | R13 | R132 | C1 | C13 | C132 | 8 |
R1 | R13 | R133 | C1 | C13 | C133 | 9 |
R2 | R21 | R211 | C2 | C21 | C211 | 10 |
R2 | R21 | R212 | C2 | C21 | C212 | 11 |
R2 | R21 | R213 | C2 | C21 | C213 | 12 |
R2 | R22 | R221 | C2 | C22 | C221 | 13 |
R2 | R22 | R222 | C2 | C22 | C222 | 14 |
R2 | R22 | R223 | C2 | C22 | C223 | 16 |
R2 | R23 | R231 | C2 | C23 | C231 | 17 |
R2 | R23 | R232 | C2 | C23 | C232 | 18 |
R2 | R23 | R233 | C2 | C23 | C233 | 19 |
创建默认视觉对象项目,并应用 capabilities.json
文件的示例。
删除不必要的代码后,默认视觉对象源代码如以下示例所示:
"use strict";
// ... default imports
import { FormattingSettingsService } from "powerbi-visuals-utils-formattingmodel";
import { VisualFormattingSettingsModel } from "./settings";
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
}
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
}
/**
* Returns properties pane formatting model content hierarchies, properties and latest formatting values, Then populate properties pane.
* This method is called once every time we open properties pane or when the user edit any format property.
*/
public getFormattingModel(): powerbi.visuals.FormattingModel {
return this.formattingSettingsService.buildFormattingModel(this.formattingSettings);
}
}
导入所需的接口,以处理来自 Power BI 的数据:
import DataViewMatrix = powerbi.DataViewMatrix;
import DataViewMatrixNode = powerbi.DataViewMatrixNode;
import DataViewHierarchyLevel = powerbi.DataViewHierarchyLevel;
创建两个 div
元素,用于视觉对象布局:
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
// ...
this.rowsDiv = document.createElement("div");
this.target.appendChild(this.rowsDiv);
this.colsDiv = document.createElement("div");
this.target.appendChild(this.colsDiv);
this.target.style.overflowY = "auto";
}
检查 update
方法中的数据,确保视觉对象可获取数据:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
const dataView: DataView = options.dataViews[0];
const matrixDataView: DataViewMatrix = dataView.matrix;
if (!matrixDataView ||
!matrixDataView.columns ||
!matrixDataView.rows ) {
return
}
// ...
}
在呈现新数据之前清除 div
元素的内容:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
// remove old elements
// to better performance use D3js pattern:
// https://d3js.org/#enter-exit
while (this.rowsDiv.firstChild) {
this.rowsDiv.removeChild(this.rowsDiv.firstChild);
}
const prow = document.createElement("p");
prow.innerText = "Rows";
this.rowsDiv.appendChild(prow);
while (this.colsDiv.firstChild) {
this.colsDiv.removeChild(this.colsDiv.firstChild);
}
const pcol = document.createElement("p");
pcol.innerText = "Columns";
this.colsDiv.appendChild(pcol);
// ...
}
创建 treeWalker
函数来遍历矩阵数据结构:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
}
// ...
}
其中 matrixNode
是当前节点,levels
是此层次结构级别的元数据列,div
是子 HTML 元素的父元素。
treeWalker
是递归函数,需要为文本创建 div
元素和 p
(用作标头),并为节点的子元素调用函数:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
if (matrixNode.children) {
const childDiv = document.createElement("div");
childDiv.classList.add("vertical");
div.appendChild(childDiv);
const p = document.createElement("p");
const level = levels[matrixNode.level]; // get current level column metadata from current node
p.innerText = level.sources[level.sources.length - 1].displayName; // get column name from metadata
childDiv.appendChild(p); // add paragraph element to div element
matrixNode.children.forEach((node, index) => treeWalker(node, levels, childDiv, ++levelIndex));
}
}
// ...
}
为矩阵数据视图结构的列和行的根元素调用函数:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
}
// ...
// remove old elements
// ...
// ...
const rowRoot: DataViewMatrixNode = matrixDataView.rows.root;
rowRoot.children.forEach((node) => treeWalker(node, matrixDataView.rows.levels, this.rowsDiv));
const colRoot = matrixDataView.columns.root;
colRoot.children.forEach((node) => treeWalker(node, matrixDataView.columns.levels, this.colsDiv));
}
为节点生成 selectionID,并创建按钮以显示节点:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
const selectionID: ISelectionID = this.host.createSelectionIdBuilder()
.withMatrixNode(matrixNode, levels)
.createSelectionId();
let nodeBlock = document.createElement("button");
nodeBlock.innerText = matrixNode.value.toString();
nodeBlock.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
// call select method in the selection manager
this.selectionManager.select(selectionID);
});
nodeBlock.addEventListener("contextmenu", (event) => {
// call showContextMenu method to display context menu on the visual
this.selectionManager.showContextMenu(selectionID, {
x: event.clientX,
y: event.clientY
});
event.preventDefault();
});
// ...
}
// ...
}
突出显示的主要步骤是另外创建一个值数组。
终端节点的对象具有值数组的两个属性,即 value 和 highlight:
JSON.stringify(options.dataViews[0].matrix.rows.root.children[0].children[0].children[0], null, " ");
{
"level": 2,
"levelValues": [
{
"value": "R233",
"levelSourceIndex": 0
}
],
"value": "R233",
"identity": {
"identityIndex": 2
},
"values": {
"0": {
"value": null,
"highlight": null
},
"1": {
"value": 19,
"highlight": 19
}
}
}
其中 value
表示节点的值,不应用其他视觉对象的选定内容,而 highlight
指示突出显示的数据部分。
注意
如果 highlight
的值小于 value
的值,则部分突出显示 value
。
添加用于处理节点的 values
数组(如果呈现)的代码:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
if (matrixNode.values) {
const sumOfValues = Object.keys(matrixNode.values) // get key property of object (value are 0 to N)
.map(key => +matrixNode.values[key].value) // convert key property to number
.reduce((prev, curr) => prev + curr) // sum of values
let sumOfHighlights = sumOfValues;
sumOfHighlights = Object.keys(matrixNode.values) // get key property of object (value are 0 to N)
.map(key => matrixNode.values[key].highlight ? +matrixNode.values[key].highlight : null ) // convert key property to number if it exists
.reduce((prev, curr) => curr ? prev + curr : null) // convert key property to number
// create div container for value and highlighted value
const vals = document.createElement("div");
vals.classList.add("vertical")
vals.classList.replace("vertical", "horizontal");
// create paragraph element for label
const highlighted = document.createElement("p");
// Display complete value and highlighted value
highlighted.innerText = `${sumOfHighlights}/${sumOfValues}`;
// create div container for value
const valueDiv = document.createElement("div");
valueDiv.style.width = sumOfValues * 10 + "px";
valueDiv.classList.add("value");
// create div container for highlighted values
const highlightsDiv = document.createElement("div");
highlightsDiv.style.width = sumOfHighlights * 10 + "px";
highlightsDiv.classList.add("highlight");
valueDiv.appendChild(highlightsDiv);
// append button and paragraph to div containers to parent div
vals.appendChild(nodeBlock);
vals.appendChild(valueDiv);
vals.appendChild(highlighted);
div.appendChild(vals);
} else {
div.appendChild(nodeBlock);
}
if (matrixNode.children) {
// ...
}
}
// ...
}
呈现的结果是带有按钮和值的视觉对象,如 highlighted value/default value
。