如何:使用 SpinLock 进行低级别同步
下面的示例展示了如何使用 SpinLock。 在此示例中,关键部分执行的工作量最少,因而非常适合执行 SpinLock。 与标准锁相比,增加一点工作量即可提升 SpinLock 的性能。 但是,超过某个点时 SpinLock 将比标准锁开销更大。 可以使用分析工具中的并发分析功能,查看哪种类型的锁可以在程序中提供更好的性能。 有关详细信息,请参阅并发可视化工具。
class SpinLockDemo2
{
const int N = 100000;
static Queue<Data> _queue = new Queue<Data>();
static object _lock = new Object();
static SpinLock _spinlock = new SpinLock();
class Data
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public double Number { get; set; }
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// First use a standard lock for comparison purposes.
UseLock();
_queue.Clear();
UseSpinLock();
Console.WriteLine("Press a key");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void UpdateWithSpinLock(Data d, int i)
{
bool lockTaken = false;
try
{
_spinlock.Enter(ref lockTaken);
_queue.Enqueue( d );
}
finally
{
if (lockTaken) _spinlock.Exit(false);
}
}
private static void UseSpinLock()
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
Parallel.Invoke(
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithSpinLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
},
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithSpinLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
}
);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with spinlock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void UpdateWithLock(Data d, int i)
{
lock (_lock)
{
_queue.Enqueue(d);
}
}
private static void UseLock()
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
Parallel.Invoke(
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
},
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
}
);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with lock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Class SpinLockDemo2
Const N As Integer = 100000
Shared _queue = New Queue(Of Data)()
Shared _lock = New Object()
Shared _spinlock = New SpinLock()
Class Data
Public Name As String
Public Number As Double
End Class
Shared Sub Main()
' First use a standard lock for comparison purposes.
UseLock()
_queue.Clear()
UseSpinLock()
Console.WriteLine("Press a key")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UpdateWithSpinLock(ByVal d As Data, ByVal i As Integer)
Dim lockTaken As Boolean = False
Try
_spinlock.Enter(lockTaken)
_queue.Enqueue(d)
Finally
If lockTaken Then
_spinlock.Exit(False)
End If
End Try
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UseSpinLock()
Dim sw = Stopwatch.StartNew()
Parallel.Invoke(
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithSpinLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub,
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithSpinLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub
)
sw.Stop()
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with spinlock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)
End Sub
Shared Sub UpdateWithLock(ByVal d As Data, ByVal i As Integer)
SyncLock (_lock)
_queue.Enqueue(d)
End SyncLock
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UseLock()
Dim sw = Stopwatch.StartNew()
Parallel.Invoke(
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub,
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub
)
sw.Stop()
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with lock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)
End Sub
End Class
如果共享资源上的锁不会保留太长时间,SpinLock 可能会很有用。 在这种情况下,多核计算机上的阻止线程可高效旋转几个周期,直到锁被释放。 通过旋转,线程不会受到阻止,这是一个占用大量 CPU 资源的进程。 在某些情况下,SpinLock 会停止旋转,以防出现逻辑处理器资源不足或超线程系统上优先级反转的情况。
此示例使用 System.Collections.Generic.Queue<T> 类,要求必须有用户同步,才能执行多线程访问。 另一种方法是使用 System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<T>,这不需要任何用户锁定。
请注意,在对 SpinLock.Exit 的调用中使用 false
。 这可提供最佳性能。 在 IA64 架构上指定 true
可使用内存界定,这会刷新写入缓冲区以确保锁现在可用于其他线程进入。