如何：压缩和解压缩文件
System.IO.Compression 命名空间包含以下类来对文件和流进行压缩或解压缩。 还可以使用这些类型来读取和修改压缩文件的内容：
下面的示例演示使用压缩文件可以执行的某些操作。 这些示例需要将以下 NuGet 包添加到项目中：
如果你使用的是 .NET Framework，请将对这两个库的引用添加到项目中：
System.IO.CompressionSystem.IO.Compression.FileSystem
示例 1：创建和提取 .zip 文件
以下示例演示如何使用 ZipFile 类创建和提取压缩的 .zip 文件。 该示例将文件夹的内容压缩为一个新的 .zip 文件，然后将该文件提取到一个新文件夹。
若要运行示例，请在程序文件夹中创建 start 文件夹，然后在其中放入要压缩的文件。
using System;
using System.IO.Compression;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string startPath = @".\start";
string zipPath = @".\result.zip";
string extractPath = @".\extract";
ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(startPath, zipPath);
ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(zipPath, extractPath);
}
}
Imports System.IO.Compression
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim startPath As String = ".\start"
Dim zipPath As String = ".\result.zip"
Dim extractPath As String = ".\extract"
ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(startPath, zipPath)
ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(zipPath, extractPath)
End Sub
End Module
示例 2：提取特定文件扩展名
以下示例循环访问现有 .zip 文件的内容并提取扩展名为 .txt 的文件。 它使用 ZipArchive 类访问 .zip 文件，使用 ZipArchiveEntry 类检查各个条目。 适用于 ExtractToFile 对象的扩展方法 ZipArchiveEntry 可以在 System.IO.Compression.ZipFileExtensions 类中使用。
若要运行示例，请将名为 result.zip 的 .zip 文件放到程序文件夹中 。 出现提示时，提供要提取到的文件夹名称。
重要
在解压缩文件时，必须查找可以从你想要解压缩到的目录转义的恶意文件路径。 这被称为“路径遍历攻击”。 下面的示例演示如何检查恶意文件路径，并提供一种安全的解压缩方法。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string zipPath = @".\result.zip";
Console.WriteLine("Provide path where to extract the zip file:");
string extractPath = Console.ReadLine();
// Normalizes the path.
extractPath = Path.GetFullPath(extractPath);
// Ensures that the last character on the extraction path
// is the directory separator char.
// Without this, a malicious zip file could try to traverse outside of the expected
// extraction path.
if (!extractPath.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal))
extractPath += Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
using (ZipArchive archive = ZipFile.OpenRead(zipPath))
{
foreach (ZipArchiveEntry entry in archive.Entries)
{
if (entry.FullName.EndsWith(".txt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
// Gets the full path to ensure that relative segments are removed.
string destinationPath = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(extractPath, entry.FullName));
// Ordinal match is safest, case-sensitive volumes can be mounted within volumes that
// are case-insensitive.
if (destinationPath.StartsWith(extractPath, StringComparison.Ordinal))
entry.ExtractToFile(destinationPath);
}
}
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System.IO.Compression
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim zipPath As String = ".\result.zip"
Console.WriteLine("Provide path where to extract the zip file:")
Dim extractPath As String = Console.ReadLine()
' Normalizes the path.
extractPath = Path.GetFullPath(extractPath)
' Ensures that the last character on the extraction path
' is the directory separator char.
' Without this, a malicious zip file could try to traverse outside of the expected
' extraction path.
If Not extractPath.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal) Then
extractPath += Path.DirectorySeparatorChar
End If
Using archive As ZipArchive = ZipFile.OpenRead(zipPath)
For Each entry As ZipArchiveEntry In archive.Entries
If entry.FullName.EndsWith(".txt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) Then
' Gets the full path to ensure that relative segments are removed.
Dim destinationPath As String = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(extractPath, entry.FullName))
' Ordinal match is safest, case-sensitive volumes can be mounted within volumes that
' are case-insensitive.
If destinationPath.StartsWith(extractPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) Then
entry.ExtractToFile(destinationPath)
End If
End If
Next
End Using
End Sub
End Module
示例 3：将新文件添加到现有 .zip 文件
以下示例使用 ZipArchive 类访问现有的 .zip 文件，然后向其添加文件。 当将其添加到现有的 .zip 文件时，会对新文件进行压缩。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (FileStream zipToOpen = new FileStream(@"c:\users\exampleuser\release.zip", FileMode.Open))
{
using (ZipArchive archive = new ZipArchive(zipToOpen, ZipArchiveMode.Update))
{
ZipArchiveEntry readmeEntry = archive.CreateEntry("Readme.txt");
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(readmeEntry.Open()))
{
writer.WriteLine("Information about this package.");
writer.WriteLine("========================");
}
}
}
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System.IO.Compression
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Using zipToOpen As FileStream = New FileStream("c:\users\exampleuser\release.zip", FileMode.Open)
Using archive As ZipArchive = New ZipArchive(zipToOpen, ZipArchiveMode.Update)
Dim readmeEntry As ZipArchiveEntry = archive.CreateEntry("Readme.txt")
Using writer As StreamWriter = New StreamWriter(readmeEntry.Open())
writer.WriteLine("Information about this package.")
writer.WriteLine("========================")
End Using
End Using
End Using
End Sub
End Module
示例 4：压缩和解压缩 .gz 文件
您也可以使用 GZipStream 和 DeflateStream 类压缩和解压缩数据。 它们使用相同的压缩算法。 可以使用许多常用工具解压缩写入 .gz 文件的 GZipStream 对象。 以下示例展示了如何使用 GZipStream 类压缩和解压缩文件目录：
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
public class Program
{
private static string directoryPath = @".\temp";
public static void Main()
{
DirectoryInfo directorySelected = new DirectoryInfo(directoryPath);
Compress(directorySelected);
foreach (FileInfo fileToDecompress in directorySelected.GetFiles("*.gz"))
{
Decompress(fileToDecompress);
}
}
public static void Compress(DirectoryInfo directorySelected)
{
foreach (FileInfo fileToCompress in directorySelected.GetFiles())
{
using (FileStream originalFileStream = fileToCompress.OpenRead())
{
if ((File.GetAttributes(fileToCompress.FullName) &
FileAttributes.Hidden) != FileAttributes.Hidden & fileToCompress.Extension != ".gz")
{
using (FileStream compressedFileStream = File.Create(fileToCompress.FullName + ".gz"))
{
using (GZipStream compressionStream = new GZipStream(compressedFileStream,
CompressionMode.Compress))
{
originalFileStream.CopyTo(compressionStream);
}
}
FileInfo info = new FileInfo(directoryPath + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + fileToCompress.Name + ".gz");
Console.WriteLine($"Compressed {fileToCompress.Name} from {fileToCompress.Length.ToString()} to {info.Length.ToString()} bytes.");
}
}
}
}
public static void Decompress(FileInfo fileToDecompress)
{
using (FileStream originalFileStream = fileToDecompress.OpenRead())
{
string currentFileName = fileToDecompress.FullName;
string newFileName = currentFileName.Remove(currentFileName.Length - fileToDecompress.Extension.Length);
using (FileStream decompressedFileStream = File.Create(newFileName))
{
using (GZipStream decompressionStream = new GZipStream(originalFileStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
decompressionStream.CopyTo(decompressedFileStream);
Console.WriteLine($"Decompressed: {fileToDecompress.Name}");
}
}
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System.IO.Compression
Module Module1
Private directoryPath As String = ".\temp"
Public Sub Main()
Dim directorySelected As New DirectoryInfo(directoryPath)
Compress(directorySelected)
For Each fileToDecompress As FileInfo In directorySelected.GetFiles("*.gz")
Decompress(fileToDecompress)
Next
End Sub
Public Sub Compress(directorySelected As DirectoryInfo)
For Each fileToCompress As FileInfo In directorySelected.GetFiles()
Using originalFileStream As FileStream = fileToCompress.OpenRead()
If (File.GetAttributes(fileToCompress.FullName) And FileAttributes.Hidden) <> FileAttributes.Hidden And fileToCompress.Extension <> ".gz" Then
Using compressedFileStream As FileStream = File.Create(fileToCompress.FullName & ".gz")
Using compressionStream As New GZipStream(compressedFileStream, CompressionMode.Compress)
originalFileStream.CopyTo(compressionStream)
End Using
End Using
Dim info As New FileInfo(directoryPath & Path.DirectorySeparatorChar & fileToCompress.Name & ".gz")
Console.WriteLine($"Compressed {fileToCompress.Name} from {fileToCompress.Length.ToString()} to {info.Length.ToString()} bytes.")
End If
End Using
Next
End Sub
Private Sub Decompress(ByVal fileToDecompress As FileInfo)
Using originalFileStream As FileStream = fileToDecompress.OpenRead()
Dim currentFileName As String = fileToDecompress.FullName
Dim newFileName = currentFileName.Remove(currentFileName.Length - fileToDecompress.Extension.Length)
Using decompressedFileStream As FileStream = File.Create(newFileName)
Using decompressionStream As GZipStream = New GZipStream(originalFileStream, CompressionMode.Decompress)
decompressionStream.CopyTo(decompressedFileStream)
Console.WriteLine($"Decompressed: {fileToDecompress.Name}")
End Using
End Using
End Using
End Sub
End Module
