如何:审核 Windows Communication Foundation 安全事件

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 允许你将安全事件记录到 Windows 事件日志中,可以使用 Windows 事件查看器来查看该事件日志。 本主题说明如何设置应用程序以使其记录安全事件。 有关 WCF 审核的详细信息,请参阅审核

通过代码审核安全事件

  1. 指定审核日志位置。 为此,请将 AuditLogLocation 类的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 属性设置为 AuditLogLocation 枚举值之一,如下面的代码中所示。

    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    
    ' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
    

    AuditLogLocation 枚举具有三个值:ApplicationSecurityDefault。 该值指定在事件查看器中可见的日志之一:安全日志或应用程序日志。 如果您使用 Default 值,则实际的日志将取决于运行应用程序的操作系统。 如果启用审核,但未指定日志位置,则对于支持写入安全日志的平台,默认值为 Security 日志;对于其他平台,则写入 Application 日志。 默认情况下,仅 Windows Server 2003 和 Windows Vista 支持写入安全日志。

  2. 设置要审核的事件的类型。 您可以同时审核服务级事件或消息级授权事件。 为此,请将 ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel 属性或 MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel 属性设置为 AuditLevel 枚举值之一,如下面的代码所示。

    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    
    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
    
  3. 指定是向应用程序隐匿还是公开日志审核失败事件。 将 SuppressAuditFailure 属性设置为 truefalse,如下面的代码所示。

    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;
    
    newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False
    

    默认 SuppressAuditFailure 属性为 true,因此审核失败不会影响应用程序。 否则会引发异常。 对于任何成功的审核,都将写入详细跟踪。 对于任何失败的审核,都将在错误级别写入跟踪。

  4. 从在 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 的说明中找到的行为集合中移除现有 ServiceHost。 该行为集合通过 Behaviors 属性来访问,而该属性又通过 Description 属性来访问。 然后,向同一集合中添加新的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior,如下面的代码所示。

    // Remove the old behavior and add the new.
    serviceHost.Description.
        Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);
    
    ' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)
    

通过配置方式设置审核

  1. 要通过配置方式设置审核,请向 web.config 文件的 <behaviors> 部分添加 <behavior> 元素。 然后,添加一个 <serviceSecurityAudit> 元素,并设置各个属性,如下面的示例所示。

    <behaviors>  
       <behavior name="myAuditBehavior">  
          <serviceSecurityAudit auditLogLocation="Application"  
                suppressAuditFailure="false"
                serviceAuthorizationAuditLevel="None"
                messageAuthenticationAuditLevel="SuccessOrFailure" />  
          </behavior>  
    </behaviors>  
    
  2. 您必须为服务指定行为,如下面的示例所示。

    <services>  
        <service type="WCS.Samples.Service.Echo"
        behaviorConfiguration=" myAuditBehavior">  
           <endpoint address=""  
                    binding="wsHttpBinding"  
                    bindingConfiguration="CertificateDefault"
                    contract="WCS.Samples.Service.IEcho" />  
        </service>  
    </services>  
    

示例

下面的代码创建 ServiceHost 类的一个实例,然后向其行为集合添加一个新的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior

public static void Main()
{
    // Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Uri baseAddress = new Uri(ConfigurationManager.
        AppSettings["baseAddress"]);

    // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type
    // and provide the base address.
    using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new
        ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress))
    {
        // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
            new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
            AuditLogLocation.Application;
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;
        // Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.
            Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);
        // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners
        // and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open();

        // The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.ReadLine();

        // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close();
    }
}
Public Shared Sub Main()
    ' Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Dim baseAddress As New Uri(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("baseAddress"))

    ' Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type 
    ' and provide the base address.
    Dim serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(CalculatorService), baseAddress)
    Try
        ' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False
        ' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)
        ' Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners 
        ' and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open()

        ' The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.ReadLine()

        ' Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close()
    Finally
    End Try

End Sub

.NET Framework 安全性

SuppressAuditFailure 属性设置为 true,就会隐匿任何生成安全审核失败(如果设置为 false,则会引发异常)。 不过,如果启用下列 Windows“本地安全设置”属性,则生成审核事件失败会导致 Windows 立即关闭:

审核:如果无法记录安全审核则立即关闭系统

要设置此属性,请打开“本地安全设置”对话框。 在“安全设置”下,单击“本地策略”。 然后,单击“安全选项”。

如果将 AuditLogLocation 属性设置为 Security,而“本地安全策略”中并没有设置“审核对象访问”,则不会将审核事件写入安全日志。 请注意,虽然不返回任何失败记录,但审核项不会写入安全日志。

请参阅