附件 A 语法
此子句是信息性的。
A.1 常规
此附件包含规范中找到的语法生产，包括不安全代码的可选内容。 生产按在规范中显示的顺序显示在此处。
A.2 词法语法
// Source: §6.3.1 General
DEFAULT : 'default' ;
NULL : 'null' ;
TRUE : 'true' ;
FALSE : 'false' ;
ASTERISK : '*' ;
SLASH : '/' ;
// Source: §6.3.1 General
input
: input_section?
;
input_section
: input_section_part+
;
input_section_part
: input_element* New_Line
| PP_Directive
;
input_element
: Whitespace
| Comment
| token
;
// Source: §6.3.2 Line terminators
New_Line
: New_Line_Character
| '\u000D\u000A' // carriage return, line feed
;
// Source: §6.3.3 Comments
Comment
: Single_Line_Comment
| Delimited_Comment
;
fragment Single_Line_Comment
: '//' Input_Character*
;
fragment Input_Character
// anything but New_Line_Character
: ~('\u000D' | '\u000A' | '\u0085' | '\u2028' | '\u2029')
;
fragment New_Line_Character
: '\u000D' // carriage return
| '\u000A' // line feed
| '\u0085' // next line
| '\u2028' // line separator
| '\u2029' // paragraph separator
;
fragment Delimited_Comment
: '/*' Delimited_Comment_Section* ASTERISK+ '/'
;
fragment Delimited_Comment_Section
: SLASH
| ASTERISK* Not_Slash_Or_Asterisk
;
fragment Not_Slash_Or_Asterisk
: ~('/' | '*') // Any except SLASH or ASTERISK
;
// Source: §6.3.4 White space
Whitespace
: [\p{Zs}] // any character with Unicode class Zs
| '\u0009' // horizontal tab
| '\u000B' // vertical tab
| '\u000C' // form feed
;
// Source: §6.4.1 General
token
: identifier
| keyword
| Integer_Literal
| Real_Literal
| Character_Literal
| String_Literal
| operator_or_punctuator
;
// Source: §6.4.2 Unicode character escape sequences
fragment Unicode_Escape_Sequence
: '\\u' Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit
| '\\U' Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit
Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit Hex_Digit
;
// Source: §6.4.3 Identifiers
identifier
: Simple_Identifier
| contextual_keyword
;
Simple_Identifier
: Available_Identifier
| Escaped_Identifier
;
fragment Available_Identifier
// excluding keywords or contextual keywords, see note below
: Basic_Identifier
;
fragment Escaped_Identifier
// Includes keywords and contextual keywords prefixed by '@'.
// See note below.
: '@' Basic_Identifier
;
fragment Basic_Identifier
: Identifier_Start_Character Identifier_Part_Character*
;
fragment Identifier_Start_Character
: Letter_Character
| Underscore_Character
;
fragment Underscore_Character
: '_' // underscore
| '\\u005' [fF] // Unicode_Escape_Sequence for underscore
| '\\U0000005' [fF] // Unicode_Escape_Sequence for underscore
;
fragment Identifier_Part_Character
: Letter_Character
| Decimal_Digit_Character
| Connecting_Character
| Combining_Character
| Formatting_Character
;
fragment Letter_Character
// Category Letter, all subcategories; category Number, subcategory letter.
: [\p{L}\p{Nl}]
// Only escapes for categories L & Nl allowed. See note below.
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Combining_Character
// Category Mark, subcategories non-spacing and spacing combining.
: [\p{Mn}\p{Mc}]
// Only escapes for categories Mn & Mc allowed. See note below.
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Decimal_Digit_Character
// Category Number, subcategory decimal digit.
: [\p{Nd}]
// Only escapes for category Nd allowed. See note below.
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Connecting_Character
// Category Punctuation, subcategory connector.
: [\p{Pc}]
// Only escapes for category Pc allowed. See note below.
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Formatting_Character
// Category Other, subcategory format.
: [\p{Cf}]
// Only escapes for category Cf allowed, see note below.
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
// Source: §6.4.4 Keywords
keyword
: 'abstract' | 'as' | 'base' | 'bool' | 'break'
| 'byte' | 'case' | 'catch' | 'char' | 'checked'
| 'class' | 'const' | 'continue' | 'decimal' | DEFAULT
| 'delegate' | 'do' | 'double' | 'else' | 'enum'
| 'event' | 'explicit' | 'extern' | FALSE | 'finally'
| 'fixed' | 'float' | 'for' | 'foreach' | 'goto'
| 'if' | 'implicit' | 'in' | 'int' | 'interface'
| 'internal' | 'is' | 'lock' | 'long' | 'namespace'
| 'new' | NULL | 'object' | 'operator' | 'out'
| 'override' | 'params' | 'private' | 'protected' | 'public'
| 'readonly' | 'ref' | 'return' | 'sbyte' | 'sealed'
| 'short' | 'sizeof' | 'stackalloc' | 'static' | 'string'
| 'struct' | 'switch' | 'this' | 'throw' | TRUE
| 'try' | 'typeof' | 'uint' | 'ulong' | 'unchecked'
| 'unsafe' | 'ushort' | 'using' | 'virtual' | 'void'
| 'volatile' | 'while'
;
// Source: §6.4.4 Keywords
contextual_keyword
: 'add' | 'alias' | 'ascending' | 'async' | 'await'
| 'by' | 'descending' | 'dynamic' | 'equals' | 'from'
| 'get' | 'global' | 'group' | 'into' | 'join'
| 'let' | 'nameof' | 'on' | 'orderby' | 'partial'
| 'remove' | 'select' | 'set' | 'unmanaged' | 'value'
| 'var' | 'when' | 'where' | 'yield'
;
// Source: §6.4.5.1 General
literal
: boolean_literal
| Integer_Literal
| Real_Literal
| Character_Literal
| String_Literal
| null_literal
;
// Source: §6.4.5.2 Boolean literals
boolean_literal
: TRUE
| FALSE
;
// Source: §6.4.5.3 Integer literals
Integer_Literal
: Decimal_Integer_Literal
| Hexadecimal_Integer_Literal
| Binary_Integer_Literal
;
fragment Decimal_Integer_Literal
: Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* Integer_Type_Suffix?
;
fragment Decorated_Decimal_Digit
: '_'* Decimal_Digit
;
fragment Decimal_Digit
: '0'..'9'
;
fragment Integer_Type_Suffix
: 'U' | 'u' | 'L' | 'l' |
'UL' | 'Ul' | 'uL' | 'ul' | 'LU' | 'Lu' | 'lU' | 'lu'
;
fragment Hexadecimal_Integer_Literal
: ('0x' | '0X') Decorated_Hex_Digit+ Integer_Type_Suffix?
;
fragment Decorated_Hex_Digit
: '_'* Hex_Digit
;
fragment Hex_Digit
: '0'..'9' | 'A'..'F' | 'a'..'f'
;
fragment Binary_Integer_Literal
: ('0b' | '0B') Decorated_Binary_Digit+ Integer_Type_Suffix?
;
fragment Decorated_Binary_Digit
: '_'* Binary_Digit
;
fragment Binary_Digit
: '0' | '1'
;
// Source: §6.4.5.4 Real literals
Real_Literal
: Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* '.'
Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* Exponent_Part? Real_Type_Suffix?
| '.' Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* Exponent_Part? Real_Type_Suffix?
| Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* Exponent_Part Real_Type_Suffix?
| Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit* Real_Type_Suffix
;
fragment Exponent_Part
: ('e' | 'E') Sign? Decimal_Digit Decorated_Decimal_Digit*
;
fragment Sign
: '+' | '-'
;
fragment Real_Type_Suffix
: 'F' | 'f' | 'D' | 'd' | 'M' | 'm'
;
// Source: §6.4.5.5 Character literals
Character_Literal
: '\'' Character '\''
;
fragment Character
: Single_Character
| Simple_Escape_Sequence
| Hexadecimal_Escape_Sequence
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Single_Character
// anything but ', \, and New_Line_Character
: ~['\\\u000D\u000A\u0085\u2028\u2029]
;
fragment Simple_Escape_Sequence
: '\\\'' | '\\"' | '\\\\' | '\\0' | '\\a' | '\\b' |
'\\f' | '\\n' | '\\r' | '\\t' | '\\v'
;
fragment Hexadecimal_Escape_Sequence
: '\\x' Hex_Digit Hex_Digit? Hex_Digit? Hex_Digit?
;
// Source: §6.4.5.6 String literals
String_Literal
: Regular_String_Literal
| Verbatim_String_Literal
;
fragment Regular_String_Literal
: '"' Regular_String_Literal_Character* '"'
;
fragment Regular_String_Literal_Character
: Single_Regular_String_Literal_Character
| Simple_Escape_Sequence
| Hexadecimal_Escape_Sequence
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Single_Regular_String_Literal_Character
// anything but ", \, and New_Line_Character
: ~["\\\u000D\u000A\u0085\u2028\u2029]
;
fragment Verbatim_String_Literal
: '@"' Verbatim_String_Literal_Character* '"'
;
fragment Verbatim_String_Literal_Character
: Single_Verbatim_String_Literal_Character
| Quote_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Single_Verbatim_String_Literal_Character
: ~["] // anything but quotation mark (U+0022)
;
fragment Quote_Escape_Sequence
: '""'
;
// Source: §6.4.5.7 The null literal
null_literal
: NULL
;
// Source: §6.4.6 Operators and punctuators
operator_or_punctuator
: '{' | '}' | '[' | ']' | '(' | ')' | '.' | ',' | ':' | ';'
| '+' | '-' | ASTERISK | SLASH | '%' | '&' | '|' | '^' | '!' | '~'
| '=' | '<' | '>' | '?' | '??' | '::' | '++' | '--' | '&&' | '||'
| '->' | '==' | '!=' | '<=' | '>=' | '+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%='
| '&=' | '|=' | '^=' | '<<' | '<<=' | '=>'
;
right_shift
: '>' '>'
;
right_shift_assignment
: '>' '>='
;
// Source: §6.5.1 General
PP_Directive
: PP_Start PP_Kind PP_New_Line
;
fragment PP_Kind
: PP_Declaration
| PP_Conditional
| PP_Line
| PP_Diagnostic
| PP_Region
| PP_Pragma
| PP_Nullable
;
// Only recognised at the beginning of a line
fragment PP_Start
// See note below.
: { getCharPositionInLine() == 0 }? PP_Whitespace? '#' PP_Whitespace?
;
fragment PP_Whitespace
: ( [\p{Zs}] // any character with Unicode class Zs
| '\u0009' // horizontal tab
| '\u000B' // vertical tab
| '\u000C' // form feed
)+
;
fragment PP_New_Line
: PP_Whitespace? Single_Line_Comment? New_Line
;
// Source: §6.5.2 Conditional compilation symbols
fragment PP_Conditional_Symbol
// Must not be equal to tokens TRUE or FALSE. See note below.
: Basic_Identifier
;
// Source: §6.5.3 Pre-processing expressions
fragment PP_Expression
: PP_Whitespace? PP_Or_Expression PP_Whitespace?
;
fragment PP_Or_Expression
: PP_And_Expression (PP_Whitespace? '||' PP_Whitespace? PP_And_Expression)*
;
fragment PP_And_Expression
: PP_Equality_Expression (PP_Whitespace? '&&' PP_Whitespace?
PP_Equality_Expression)*
;
fragment PP_Equality_Expression
: PP_Unary_Expression (PP_Whitespace? ('==' | '!=') PP_Whitespace?
PP_Unary_Expression)*
;
fragment PP_Unary_Expression
: PP_Primary_Expression
| '!' PP_Whitespace? PP_Unary_Expression
;
fragment PP_Primary_Expression
: TRUE
| FALSE
| PP_Conditional_Symbol
| '(' PP_Whitespace? PP_Expression PP_Whitespace? ')'
;
// Source: §6.5.4 Definition directives
fragment PP_Declaration
: 'define' PP_Whitespace PP_Conditional_Symbol
| 'undef' PP_Whitespace PP_Conditional_Symbol
;
// Source: §6.5.5 Conditional compilation directives
fragment PP_Conditional
: PP_If_Section
| PP_Elif_Section
| PP_Else_Section
| PP_Endif
;
fragment PP_If_Section
: 'if' PP_Whitespace PP_Expression
;
fragment PP_Elif_Section
: 'elif' PP_Whitespace PP_Expression
;
fragment PP_Else_Section
: 'else'
;
fragment PP_Endif
: 'endif'
;
// Source: §6.5.6 Diagnostic directives
fragment PP_Diagnostic
: 'error' PP_Message?
| 'warning' PP_Message?
;
fragment PP_Message
: PP_Whitespace Input_Character*
;
// Source: §6.5.7 Region directives
fragment PP_Region
: PP_Start_Region
| PP_End_Region
;
fragment PP_Start_Region
: 'region' PP_Message?
;
fragment PP_End_Region
: 'endregion' PP_Message?
;
// Source: §6.5.8 Line directives
fragment PP_Line
: 'line' PP_Whitespace PP_Line_Indicator
;
fragment PP_Line_Indicator
: Decimal_Digit+ PP_Whitespace PP_Compilation_Unit_Name
| Decimal_Digit+
| DEFAULT
| 'hidden'
;
fragment PP_Compilation_Unit_Name
: '"' PP_Compilation_Unit_Name_Character* '"'
;
fragment PP_Compilation_Unit_Name_Character
// Any Input_Character except "
: ~('\u000D' | '\u000A' | '\u0085' | '\u2028' | '\u2029' | '"')
;
// Source: §6.5.9 Nullable directive
fragment PP_Nullable
: 'nullable' PP_Whitespace PP_Nullable_Action
(PP_Whitespace PP_Nullable_Target)?
;
fragment PP_Nullable_Action
: 'disable'
| 'enable'
| 'restore'
;
fragment PP_Nullable_Target
: 'warnings'
| 'annotations'
;
// Source: §6.5.10 Pragma directives
fragment PP_Pragma
: 'pragma' PP_Pragma_Text?
;
fragment PP_Pragma_Text
: PP_Whitespace Input_Character*
;
A.3 语法
// Source: §7.8.1 General
namespace_name
: namespace_or_type_name
;
type_name
: namespace_or_type_name
;
namespace_or_type_name
: identifier type_argument_list?
| namespace_or_type_name '.' identifier type_argument_list?
| qualified_alias_member
;
// Source: §8.1 General
type
: reference_type
| value_type
| type_parameter
| pointer_type // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §8.2.1 General
reference_type
: non_nullable_reference_type
| nullable_reference_type
;
non_nullable_reference_type
: class_type
| interface_type
| array_type
| delegate_type
| 'dynamic'
;
class_type
: type_name
| 'object'
| 'string'
;
interface_type
: type_name
;
array_type
: non_array_type rank_specifier+
;
non_array_type
: value_type
| class_type
| interface_type
| delegate_type
| 'dynamic'
| type_parameter
| pointer_type // unsafe code support
;
rank_specifier
: '[' ','* ']'
;
delegate_type
: type_name
;
nullable_reference_type
: non_nullable_reference_type nullable_type_annotation
;
nullable_type_annotation
: '?'
;
// Source: §8.3.1 General
value_type
: non_nullable_value_type
| nullable_value_type
;
non_nullable_value_type
: struct_type
| enum_type
;
struct_type
: type_name
| simple_type
| tuple_type
;
simple_type
: numeric_type
| 'bool'
;
numeric_type
: integral_type
| floating_point_type
| 'decimal'
;
integral_type
: 'sbyte'
| 'byte'
| 'short'
| 'ushort'
| 'int'
| 'uint'
| 'long'
| 'ulong'
| 'char'
;
floating_point_type
: 'float'
| 'double'
;
tuple_type
: '(' tuple_type_element (',' tuple_type_element)+ ')'
;
tuple_type_element
: type identifier?
;
enum_type
: type_name
;
nullable_value_type
: non_nullable_value_type nullable_type_annotation
;
// Source: §8.4.2 Type arguments
type_argument_list
: '<' type_arguments '>'
;
type_arguments
: type_argument (',' type_argument)*
;
type_argument
: type
| type_parameter nullable_type_annotation?
;
// Source: §8.5 Type parameters
type_parameter
: identifier
;
// Source: §8.8 Unmanaged types
unmanaged_type
: value_type
| pointer_type // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §9.5 Variable references
variable_reference
: expression
;
// Source: §11.2.1 General
pattern
: declaration_pattern
| constant_pattern
| var_pattern
;
// Source: §11.2.2 Declaration pattern
declaration_pattern
: type simple_designation
;
simple_designation
: single_variable_designation
;
single_variable_designation
: identifier
;
// Source: §11.2.3 Constant pattern
constant_pattern
: constant_expression
;
// Source: §11.2.4 Var pattern
var_pattern
: 'var' designation
;
designation
: simple_designation
;
// Source: §12.6.2.1 General
argument_list
: argument (',' argument)*
;
argument
: argument_name? argument_value
;
argument_name
: identifier ':'
;
argument_value
: expression
| 'in' variable_reference
| 'ref' variable_reference
| 'out' variable_reference
;
// Source: §12.8.1 General
primary_expression
: primary_no_array_creation_expression
| array_creation_expression
;
primary_no_array_creation_expression
: literal
| interpolated_string_expression
| simple_name
| parenthesized_expression
| tuple_expression
| member_access
| null_conditional_member_access
| invocation_expression
| element_access
| null_conditional_element_access
| this_access
| base_access
| post_increment_expression
| post_decrement_expression
| null_forgiving_expression
| object_creation_expression
| delegate_creation_expression
| anonymous_object_creation_expression
| typeof_expression
| sizeof_expression
| checked_expression
| unchecked_expression
| default_value_expression
| nameof_expression
| anonymous_method_expression
| pointer_member_access // unsafe code support
| pointer_element_access // unsafe code support
| stackalloc_expression
;
// Source: §12.8.3 Interpolated string expressions
interpolated_string_expression
: interpolated_regular_string_expression
| interpolated_verbatim_string_expression
;
// interpolated regular string expressions
interpolated_regular_string_expression
: Interpolated_Regular_String_Start Interpolated_Regular_String_Mid?
('{' regular_interpolation '}' Interpolated_Regular_String_Mid?)*
Interpolated_Regular_String_End
;
regular_interpolation
: expression (',' interpolation_minimum_width)?
Regular_Interpolation_Format?
;
interpolation_minimum_width
: constant_expression
;
Interpolated_Regular_String_Start
: '$"'
;
// the following three lexical rules are context sensitive, see details below
Interpolated_Regular_String_Mid
: Interpolated_Regular_String_Element+
;
Regular_Interpolation_Format
: ':' Interpolated_Regular_String_Element+
;
Interpolated_Regular_String_End
: '"'
;
fragment Interpolated_Regular_String_Element
: Interpolated_Regular_String_Character
| Simple_Escape_Sequence
| Hexadecimal_Escape_Sequence
| Unicode_Escape_Sequence
| Open_Brace_Escape_Sequence
| Close_Brace_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Interpolated_Regular_String_Character
// Any character except " (U+0022), \\ (U+005C),
// { (U+007B), } (U+007D), and New_Line_Character.
: ~["\\{}\u000D\u000A\u0085\u2028\u2029]
;
// interpolated verbatim string expressions
interpolated_verbatim_string_expression
: Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Start Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Mid?
('{' verbatim_interpolation '}' Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Mid?)*
Interpolated_Verbatim_String_End
;
verbatim_interpolation
: expression (',' interpolation_minimum_width)?
Verbatim_Interpolation_Format?
;
Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Start
: '$@"'
| '@$"'
;
// the following three lexical rules are context sensitive, see details below
Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Mid
: Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Element+
;
Verbatim_Interpolation_Format
: ':' Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Element+
;
Interpolated_Verbatim_String_End
: '"'
;
fragment Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Element
: Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Character
| Quote_Escape_Sequence
| Open_Brace_Escape_Sequence
| Close_Brace_Escape_Sequence
;
fragment Interpolated_Verbatim_String_Character
: ~["{}] // Any character except " (U+0022), { (U+007B) and } (U+007D)
;
// lexical fragments used by both regular and verbatim interpolated strings
fragment Open_Brace_Escape_Sequence
: '{{'
;
fragment Close_Brace_Escape_Sequence
: '}}'
;
// Source: §12.8.4 Simple names
simple_name
: identifier type_argument_list?
;
// Source: §12.8.5 Parenthesized expressions
parenthesized_expression
: '(' expression ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.6 Tuple expressions
tuple_expression
: '(' tuple_element (',' tuple_element)+ ')'
| deconstruction_expression
;
tuple_element
: (identifier ':')? expression
;
deconstruction_expression
: 'var' deconstruction_tuple
;
deconstruction_tuple
: '(' deconstruction_element (',' deconstruction_element)+ ')'
;
deconstruction_element
: deconstruction_tuple
| identifier
;
// Source: §12.8.7.1 General
member_access
: primary_expression '.' identifier type_argument_list?
| predefined_type '.' identifier type_argument_list?
| qualified_alias_member '.' identifier type_argument_list?
;
predefined_type
: 'bool' | 'byte' | 'char' | 'decimal' | 'double' | 'float' | 'int'
| 'long' | 'object' | 'sbyte' | 'short' | 'string' | 'uint' | 'ulong'
| 'ushort'
;
// Source: §12.8.8 Null Conditional Member Access
null_conditional_member_access
: primary_expression '?' '.' identifier type_argument_list?
(null_forgiving_operator? dependent_access)*
;
dependent_access
: '.' identifier type_argument_list? // member access
| '[' argument_list ']' // element access
| '(' argument_list? ')' // invocation
;
null_conditional_projection_initializer
: primary_expression '?' '.' identifier type_argument_list?
;
// Source: §12.8.9.1 General
null_forgiving_expression
: primary_expression null_forgiving_operator
;
null_forgiving_operator
: '!'
;
// Source: §12.8.10.1 General
invocation_expression
: primary_expression '(' argument_list? ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.11 Null Conditional Invocation Expression
null_conditional_invocation_expression
: null_conditional_member_access null_forgiving_operator? '(' argument_list? ')'
| null_conditional_element_access null_forgiving_operator? '(' argument_list? ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.12.1 General
element_access
: primary_no_array_creation_expression '[' argument_list ']'
;
// Source: §12.8.13 Null Conditional Element Access
null_conditional_element_access
: primary_no_array_creation_expression '?' '[' argument_list ']'
(null_forgiving_operator? dependent_access)*
;
// Source: §12.8.14 This access
this_access
: 'this'
;
// Source: §12.8.15 Base access
base_access
: 'base' '.' identifier type_argument_list?
| 'base' '[' argument_list ']'
;
// Source: §12.8.16 Postfix increment and decrement operators
post_increment_expression
: primary_expression '++'
;
post_decrement_expression
: primary_expression '--'
;
// Source: §12.8.17.2 Object creation expressions
object_creation_expression
: 'new' type '(' argument_list? ')' object_or_collection_initializer?
| 'new' type object_or_collection_initializer
;
object_or_collection_initializer
: object_initializer
| collection_initializer
;
// Source: §12.8.17.3 Object initializers
object_initializer
: '{' member_initializer_list? '}'
| '{' member_initializer_list ',' '}'
;
member_initializer_list
: member_initializer (',' member_initializer)*
;
member_initializer
: initializer_target '=' initializer_value
;
initializer_target
: identifier
| '[' argument_list ']'
;
initializer_value
: expression
| object_or_collection_initializer
;
// Source: §12.8.17.4 Collection initializers
collection_initializer
: '{' element_initializer_list '}'
| '{' element_initializer_list ',' '}'
;
element_initializer_list
: element_initializer (',' element_initializer)*
;
element_initializer
: non_assignment_expression
| '{' expression_list '}'
;
expression_list
: expression
| expression_list ',' expression
;
// Source: §12.8.17.5 Array creation expressions
array_creation_expression
: 'new' non_array_type '[' expression_list ']' rank_specifier*
array_initializer?
| 'new' array_type array_initializer
| 'new' rank_specifier array_initializer
;
// Source: §12.8.17.6 Delegate creation expressions
delegate_creation_expression
: 'new' delegate_type '(' expression ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.17.7 Anonymous object creation expressions
anonymous_object_creation_expression
: 'new' anonymous_object_initializer
;
anonymous_object_initializer
: '{' member_declarator_list? '}'
| '{' member_declarator_list ',' '}'
;
member_declarator_list
: member_declarator (',' member_declarator)*
;
member_declarator
: simple_name
| member_access
| null_conditional_projection_initializer
| base_access
| identifier '=' expression
;
// Source: §12.8.18 The typeof operator
typeof_expression
: 'typeof' '(' type ')'
| 'typeof' '(' unbound_type_name ')'
| 'typeof' '(' 'void' ')'
;
unbound_type_name
: identifier generic_dimension_specifier?
| identifier '::' identifier generic_dimension_specifier?
| unbound_type_name '.' identifier generic_dimension_specifier?
;
generic_dimension_specifier
: '<' comma* '>'
;
comma
: ','
;
// Source: §12.8.19 The sizeof operator
sizeof_expression
: 'sizeof' '(' unmanaged_type ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.20 The checked and unchecked operators
checked_expression
: 'checked' '(' expression ')'
;
unchecked_expression
: 'unchecked' '(' expression ')'
;
// Source: §12.8.21 Default value expressions
default_value_expression
: explictly_typed_default
| default_literal
;
explictly_typed_default
: 'default' '(' type ')'
;
default_literal
: 'default'
;
// Source: §12.8.22 Stack allocation
stackalloc_expression
: 'stackalloc' unmanaged_type '[' expression ']'
| 'stackalloc' unmanaged_type? '[' constant_expression? ']' stackalloc_initializer
;
stackalloc_initializer
: '{' stackalloc_initializer_element_list '}'
;
stackalloc_initializer_element_list
: stackalloc_element_initializer (',' stackalloc_element_initializer)* ','?
;
stackalloc_element_initializer
: expression
;
// Source: §12.8.23 The nameof operator
nameof_expression
: 'nameof' '(' named_entity ')'
;
named_entity
: named_entity_target ('.' identifier type_argument_list?)*
;
named_entity_target
: simple_name
| 'this'
| 'base'
| predefined_type
| qualified_alias_member
;
// Source: §12.9.1 General
unary_expression
: primary_expression
| '+' unary_expression
| '-' unary_expression
| logical_negation_operator unary_expression
| '~' unary_expression
| pre_increment_expression
| pre_decrement_expression
| cast_expression
| await_expression
| pointer_indirection_expression // unsafe code support
| addressof_expression // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §12.9.6 Prefix increment and decrement operators
pre_increment_expression
: '++' unary_expression
;
pre_decrement_expression
: '--' unary_expression
;
// Source: §12.9.7 Cast expressions
cast_expression
: '(' type ')' unary_expression
;
// Source: §12.9.8.1 General
await_expression
: 'await' unary_expression
;
// Source: §12.10.1 General
multiplicative_expression
: unary_expression
| multiplicative_expression '*' unary_expression
| multiplicative_expression '/' unary_expression
| multiplicative_expression '%' unary_expression
;
additive_expression
: multiplicative_expression
| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
;
// Source: §12.11 Shift operators
shift_expression
: additive_expression
| shift_expression '<<' additive_expression
| shift_expression right_shift additive_expression
;
// Source: §12.12.1 General
relational_expression
: shift_expression
| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
| relational_expression '<=' shift_expression
| relational_expression '>=' shift_expression
| relational_expression 'is' type
| relational_expression 'is' pattern
| relational_expression 'as' type
;
equality_expression
: relational_expression
| equality_expression '==' relational_expression
| equality_expression '!=' relational_expression
;
// Source: §12.13.1 General
and_expression
: equality_expression
| and_expression '&' equality_expression
;
exclusive_or_expression
: and_expression
| exclusive_or_expression '^' and_expression
;
inclusive_or_expression
: exclusive_or_expression
| inclusive_or_expression '|' exclusive_or_expression
;
// Source: §12.14.1 General
conditional_and_expression
: inclusive_or_expression
| conditional_and_expression '&&' inclusive_or_expression
;
conditional_or_expression
: conditional_and_expression
| conditional_or_expression '||' conditional_and_expression
;
// Source: §12.15 The null coalescing operator
null_coalescing_expression
: conditional_or_expression
| conditional_or_expression '??' null_coalescing_expression
| throw_expression
;
// Source: §12.16 The throw expression operator
throw_expression
: 'throw' null_coalescing_expression
;
// Source: §12.17 Declaration expressions
declaration_expression
: local_variable_type identifier
;
local_variable_type
: type
| 'var'
;
// Source: §12.18 Conditional operator
conditional_expression
: null_coalescing_expression
| null_coalescing_expression '?' expression ':' expression
| null_coalescing_expression '?' 'ref' variable_reference ':'
'ref' variable_reference
;
// Source: §12.19.1 General
lambda_expression
: 'async'? anonymous_function_signature '=>' anonymous_function_body
;
anonymous_method_expression
: 'async'? 'delegate' explicit_anonymous_function_signature? block
;
anonymous_function_signature
: explicit_anonymous_function_signature
| implicit_anonymous_function_signature
;
explicit_anonymous_function_signature
: '(' explicit_anonymous_function_parameter_list? ')'
;
explicit_anonymous_function_parameter_list
: explicit_anonymous_function_parameter
(',' explicit_anonymous_function_parameter)*
;
explicit_anonymous_function_parameter
: anonymous_function_parameter_modifier? type identifier
;
anonymous_function_parameter_modifier
: 'ref'
| 'out'
| 'in'
;
implicit_anonymous_function_signature
: '(' implicit_anonymous_function_parameter_list? ')'
| implicit_anonymous_function_parameter
;
implicit_anonymous_function_parameter_list
: implicit_anonymous_function_parameter
(',' implicit_anonymous_function_parameter)*
;
implicit_anonymous_function_parameter
: identifier
;
anonymous_function_body
: null_conditional_invocation_expression
| expression
| 'ref' variable_reference
| block
;
// Source: §12.20.1 General
query_expression
: from_clause query_body
;
from_clause
: 'from' type? identifier 'in' expression
;
query_body
: query_body_clauses? select_or_group_clause query_continuation?
;
query_body_clauses
: query_body_clause
| query_body_clauses query_body_clause
;
query_body_clause
: from_clause
| let_clause
| where_clause
| join_clause
| join_into_clause
| orderby_clause
;
let_clause
: 'let' identifier '=' expression
;
where_clause
: 'where' boolean_expression
;
join_clause
: 'join' type? identifier 'in' expression 'on' expression
'equals' expression
;
join_into_clause
: 'join' type? identifier 'in' expression 'on' expression
'equals' expression 'into' identifier
;
orderby_clause
: 'orderby' orderings
;
orderings
: ordering (',' ordering)*
;
ordering
: expression ordering_direction?
;
ordering_direction
: 'ascending'
| 'descending'
;
select_or_group_clause
: select_clause
| group_clause
;
select_clause
: 'select' expression
;
group_clause
: 'group' expression 'by' expression
;
query_continuation
: 'into' identifier query_body
;
// Source: §12.21.1 General
assignment
: unary_expression assignment_operator expression
;
assignment_operator
: '=' 'ref'? | '+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '&=' | '|=' | '^=' | '<<='
| right_shift_assignment
;
// Source: §12.22 Expression
expression
: non_assignment_expression
| assignment
;
non_assignment_expression
: declaration_expression
| conditional_expression
| lambda_expression
| query_expression
;
// Source: §12.23 Constant expressions
constant_expression
: expression
;
// Source: §12.24 Boolean expressions
boolean_expression
: expression
;
// Source: §13.1 General
statement
: labeled_statement
| declaration_statement
| embedded_statement
;
embedded_statement
: block
| empty_statement
| expression_statement
| selection_statement
| iteration_statement
| jump_statement
| try_statement
| checked_statement
| unchecked_statement
| lock_statement
| using_statement
| yield_statement
| unsafe_statement // unsafe code support
| fixed_statement // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §13.3.1 General
block
: '{' statement_list? '}'
;
// Source: §13.3.2 Statement lists
statement_list
: statement+
;
// Source: §13.4 The empty statement
empty_statement
: ';'
;
// Source: §13.5 Labeled statements
labeled_statement
: identifier ':' statement
;
// Source: §13.6.1 General
declaration_statement
: local_variable_declaration ';'
| local_constant_declaration ';'
| local_function_declaration
;
// Source: §13.6.2.1 General
local_variable_declaration
: implicitly_typed_local_variable_declaration
| explicitly_typed_local_variable_declaration
| explicitly_typed_ref_local_variable_declaration
;
// Source: §13.6.2.2 Implicitly typed local variable declarations
implicitly_typed_local_variable_declaration
: 'var' implicitly_typed_local_variable_declarator
| ref_kind 'var' ref_local_variable_declarator
;
implicitly_typed_local_variable_declarator
: identifier '=' expression
;
// Source: §13.6.2.3 Explicitly typed local variable declarations
explicitly_typed_local_variable_declaration
: type explicitly_typed_local_variable_declarators
;
explicitly_typed_local_variable_declarators
: explicitly_typed_local_variable_declarator
(',' explicitly_typed_local_variable_declarator)*
;
explicitly_typed_local_variable_declarator
: identifier ('=' local_variable_initializer)?
;
local_variable_initializer
: expression
| array_initializer
;
// Source: §13.6.2.4 Explicitly typed ref local variable declarations
explicitly_typed_ref_local_variable_declaration
: ref_kind type ref_local_variable_declarators
;
ref_local_variable_declarators
: ref_local_variable_declarator (',' ref_local_variable_declarator)*
;
ref_local_variable_declarator
: identifier '=' 'ref' variable_reference
;
// Source: §13.6.3 Local constant declarations
local_constant_declaration
: 'const' type constant_declarators
;
constant_declarators
: constant_declarator (',' constant_declarator)*
;
constant_declarator
: identifier '=' constant_expression
;
// Source: §13.6.4 Local function declarations
local_function_declaration
: local_function_modifier* return_type local_function_header
local_function_body
| ref_local_function_modifier* ref_kind ref_return_type
local_function_header ref_local_function_body
;
local_function_header
: identifier '(' parameter_list? ')'
| identifier type_parameter_list '(' parameter_list? ')'
type_parameter_constraints_clause*
;
local_function_modifier
: ref_local_function_modifier
| 'async'
;
ref_local_function_modifier
: 'static'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
local_function_body
: block
| '=>' null_conditional_invocation_expression ';'
| '=>' expression ';'
;
ref_local_function_body
: block
| '=>' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
;
// Source: §13.7 Expression statements
expression_statement
: statement_expression ';'
;
statement_expression
: null_conditional_invocation_expression
| invocation_expression
| object_creation_expression
| assignment
| post_increment_expression
| post_decrement_expression
| pre_increment_expression
| pre_decrement_expression
| await_expression
;
// Source: §13.8.1 General
selection_statement
: if_statement
| switch_statement
;
// Source: §13.8.2 The if statement
if_statement
: 'if' '(' boolean_expression ')' embedded_statement
| 'if' '(' boolean_expression ')' embedded_statement
'else' embedded_statement
;
// Source: §13.8.3 The switch statement
switch_statement
: 'switch' '(' expression ')' switch_block
;
switch_block
: '{' switch_section* '}'
;
switch_section
: switch_label+ statement_list
;
switch_label
: 'case' pattern case_guard? ':'
| 'default' ':'
;
case_guard
: 'when' expression
;
// Source: §13.9.1 General
iteration_statement
: while_statement
| do_statement
| for_statement
| foreach_statement
;
// Source: §13.9.2 The while statement
while_statement
: 'while' '(' boolean_expression ')' embedded_statement
;
// Source: §13.9.3 The do statement
do_statement
: 'do' embedded_statement 'while' '(' boolean_expression ')' ';'
;
// Source: §13.9.4 The for statement
for_statement
: 'for' '(' for_initializer? ';' for_condition? ';' for_iterator? ')'
embedded_statement
;
for_initializer
: local_variable_declaration
| statement_expression_list
;
for_condition
: boolean_expression
;
for_iterator
: statement_expression_list
;
statement_expression_list
: statement_expression (',' statement_expression)*
;
// Source: §13.9.5 The foreach statement
foreach_statement
: 'foreach' '(' ref_kind? local_variable_type identifier 'in'
expression ')' embedded_statement
;
// Source: §13.10.1 General
jump_statement
: break_statement
| continue_statement
| goto_statement
| return_statement
| throw_statement
;
// Source: §13.10.2 The break statement
break_statement
: 'break' ';'
;
// Source: §13.10.3 The continue statement
continue_statement
: 'continue' ';'
;
// Source: §13.10.4 The goto statement
goto_statement
: 'goto' identifier ';'
| 'goto' 'case' constant_expression ';'
| 'goto' 'default' ';'
;
// Source: §13.10.5 The return statement
return_statement
: 'return' ';'
| 'return' expression ';'
| 'return' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
;
// Source: §13.10.6 The throw statement
throw_statement
: 'throw' expression? ';'
;
// Source: §13.11 The try statement
try_statement
: 'try' block catch_clauses
| 'try' block catch_clauses? finally_clause
;
catch_clauses
: specific_catch_clause+
| specific_catch_clause* general_catch_clause
;
specific_catch_clause
: 'catch' exception_specifier exception_filter? block
| 'catch' exception_filter block
;
exception_specifier
: '(' type identifier? ')'
;
exception_filter
: 'when' '(' boolean_expression ')'
;
general_catch_clause
: 'catch' block
;
finally_clause
: 'finally' block
;
// Source: §13.12 The checked and unchecked statements
checked_statement
: 'checked' block
;
unchecked_statement
: 'unchecked' block
;
// Source: §13.13 The lock statement
lock_statement
: 'lock' '(' expression ')' embedded_statement
;
// Source: §13.14 The using statement
using_statement
: 'using' '(' resource_acquisition ')' embedded_statement
;
resource_acquisition
: local_variable_declaration
| expression
;
// Source: §13.15 The yield statement
yield_statement
: 'yield' 'return' expression ';'
| 'yield' 'break' ';'
;
// Source: §14.2 Compilation units
compilation_unit
: extern_alias_directive* using_directive* global_attributes?
namespace_member_declaration*
;
// Source: §14.3 Namespace declarations
namespace_declaration
: 'namespace' qualified_identifier namespace_body ';'?
;
qualified_identifier
: identifier ('.' identifier)*
;
namespace_body
: '{' extern_alias_directive* using_directive*
namespace_member_declaration* '}'
;
// Source: §14.4 Extern alias directives
extern_alias_directive
: 'extern' 'alias' identifier ';'
;
// Source: §14.5.1 General
using_directive
: using_alias_directive
| using_namespace_directive
| using_static_directive
;
// Source: §14.5.2 Using alias directives
using_alias_directive
: 'using' identifier '=' namespace_or_type_name ';'
;
// Source: §14.5.3 Using namespace directives
using_namespace_directive
: 'using' namespace_name ';'
;
// Source: §14.5.4 Using static directives
using_static_directive
: 'using' 'static' type_name ';'
;
// Source: §14.6 Namespace member declarations
namespace_member_declaration
: namespace_declaration
| type_declaration
;
// Source: §14.7 Type declarations
type_declaration
: class_declaration
| struct_declaration
| interface_declaration
| enum_declaration
| delegate_declaration
;
// Source: §14.8.1 General
qualified_alias_member
: identifier '::' identifier type_argument_list?
;
// Source: §15.2.1 General
class_declaration
: attributes? class_modifier* 'partial'? 'class' identifier
type_parameter_list? class_base? type_parameter_constraints_clause*
class_body ';'?
;
// Source: §15.2.2.1 General
class_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'abstract'
| 'sealed'
| 'static'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §15.2.3 Type parameters
type_parameter_list
: '<' type_parameters '>'
;
type_parameters
: attributes? type_parameter
| type_parameters ',' attributes? type_parameter
;
// Source: §15.2.4.1 General
class_base
: ':' class_type
| ':' interface_type_list
| ':' class_type ',' interface_type_list
;
interface_type_list
: interface_type (',' interface_type)*
;
// Source: §15.2.5 Type parameter constraints
type_parameter_constraints_clauses
: type_parameter_constraints_clause
| type_parameter_constraints_clauses type_parameter_constraints_clause
;
type_parameter_constraints_clause
: 'where' type_parameter ':' type_parameter_constraints
;
type_parameter_constraints
: primary_constraint (',' secondary_constraints)? (',' constructor_constraint)?
| secondary_constraints (',' constructor_constraint)?
| constructor_constraint
;
primary_constraint
: class_type nullable_type_annotation?
| 'class' nullable_type_annotation?
| 'struct'
| 'notnull'
| 'unmanaged'
;
secondary_constraint
: interface_type nullable_type_annotation?
| type_parameter nullable_type_annotation?
;
secondary_constraints
: secondary_constraint (',' secondary_constraint)*
;
constructor_constraint
: 'new' '(' ')'
;
// Source: §15.2.6 Class body
class_body
: '{' class_member_declaration* '}'
;
// Source: §15.3.1 General
class_member_declaration
: constant_declaration
| field_declaration
| method_declaration
| property_declaration
| event_declaration
| indexer_declaration
| operator_declaration
| constructor_declaration
| finalizer_declaration
| static_constructor_declaration
| type_declaration
;
// Source: §15.4 Constants
constant_declaration
: attributes? constant_modifier* 'const' type constant_declarators ';'
;
constant_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
;
// Source: §15.5.1 General
field_declaration
: attributes? field_modifier* type variable_declarators ';'
;
field_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'static'
| 'readonly'
| 'volatile'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
variable_declarators
: variable_declarator (',' variable_declarator)*
;
variable_declarator
: identifier ('=' variable_initializer)?
;
// Source: §15.6.1 General
method_declaration
: attributes? method_modifiers return_type method_header method_body
| attributes? ref_method_modifiers ref_kind ref_return_type method_header
ref_method_body
;
method_modifiers
: method_modifier* 'partial'?
;
ref_kind
: 'ref'
| 'ref' 'readonly'
;
ref_method_modifiers
: ref_method_modifier*
;
method_header
: member_name '(' parameter_list? ')'
| member_name type_parameter_list '(' parameter_list? ')'
type_parameter_constraints_clause*
;
method_modifier
: ref_method_modifier
| 'async'
;
ref_method_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'static'
| 'virtual'
| 'sealed'
| 'override'
| 'abstract'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
return_type
: ref_return_type
| 'void'
;
ref_return_type
: type
;
member_name
: identifier
| interface_type '.' identifier
;
method_body
: block
| '=>' null_conditional_invocation_expression ';'
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
ref_method_body
: block
| '=>' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §15.6.2.1 General
parameter_list
: fixed_parameters
| fixed_parameters ',' parameter_array
| parameter_array
;
fixed_parameters
: fixed_parameter (',' fixed_parameter)*
;
fixed_parameter
: attributes? parameter_modifier? type identifier default_argument?
;
default_argument
: '=' expression
;
parameter_modifier
: parameter_mode_modifier
| 'this'
;
parameter_mode_modifier
: 'ref'
| 'out'
| 'in'
;
parameter_array
: attributes? 'params' array_type identifier
;
// Source: §15.7.1 General
property_declaration
: attributes? property_modifier* type member_name property_body
| attributes? property_modifier* ref_kind type member_name ref_property_body
;
property_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'static'
| 'virtual'
| 'sealed'
| 'override'
| 'abstract'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
property_body
: '{' accessor_declarations '}' property_initializer?
| '=>' expression ';'
;
property_initializer
: '=' variable_initializer ';'
;
ref_property_body
: '{' ref_get_accessor_declaration '}'
| '=>' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
;
// Source: §15.7.3 Accessors
accessor_declarations
: get_accessor_declaration set_accessor_declaration?
| set_accessor_declaration get_accessor_declaration?
;
get_accessor_declaration
: attributes? accessor_modifier? 'get' accessor_body
;
set_accessor_declaration
: attributes? accessor_modifier? 'set' accessor_body
;
accessor_modifier
: 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'protected' 'internal'
| 'internal' 'protected'
| 'protected' 'private'
| 'private' 'protected'
;
accessor_body
: block
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
ref_get_accessor_declaration
: attributes? accessor_modifier? 'get' ref_accessor_body
;
ref_accessor_body
: block
| '=>' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §15.8.1 General
event_declaration
: attributes? event_modifier* 'event' type variable_declarators ';'
| attributes? event_modifier* 'event' type member_name
'{' event_accessor_declarations '}'
;
event_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'static'
| 'virtual'
| 'sealed'
| 'override'
| 'abstract'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
event_accessor_declarations
: add_accessor_declaration remove_accessor_declaration
| remove_accessor_declaration add_accessor_declaration
;
add_accessor_declaration
: attributes? 'add' block
;
remove_accessor_declaration
: attributes? 'remove' block
;
// Source: §15.9.1 General
indexer_declaration
: attributes? indexer_modifier* indexer_declarator indexer_body
| attributes? indexer_modifier* ref_kind indexer_declarator ref_indexer_body
;
indexer_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'virtual'
| 'sealed'
| 'override'
| 'abstract'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
indexer_declarator
: type 'this' '[' parameter_list ']'
| type interface_type '.' 'this' '[' parameter_list ']'
;
indexer_body
: '{' accessor_declarations '}'
| '=>' expression ';'
;
ref_indexer_body
: '{' ref_get_accessor_declaration '}'
| '=>' 'ref' variable_reference ';'
;
// Source: §15.10.1 General
operator_declaration
: attributes? operator_modifier+ operator_declarator operator_body
;
operator_modifier
: 'public'
| 'static'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
operator_declarator
: unary_operator_declarator
| binary_operator_declarator
| conversion_operator_declarator
;
unary_operator_declarator
: type 'operator' overloadable_unary_operator '(' fixed_parameter ')'
;
logical_negation_operator
: '!'
;
overloadable_unary_operator
: '+' | '-' | logical_negation_operator | '~' | '++' | '--' | 'true' | 'false'
;
binary_operator_declarator
: type 'operator' overloadable_binary_operator
'(' fixed_parameter ',' fixed_parameter ')'
;
overloadable_binary_operator
: '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '&' | '|' | '^' | '<<'
| right_shift | '==' | '!=' | '>' | '<' | '>=' | '<='
;
conversion_operator_declarator
: 'implicit' 'operator' type '(' fixed_parameter ')'
| 'explicit' 'operator' type '(' fixed_parameter ')'
;
operator_body
: block
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §15.11.1 General
constructor_declaration
: attributes? constructor_modifier* constructor_declarator constructor_body
;
constructor_modifier
: 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'extern'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
constructor_declarator
: identifier '(' parameter_list? ')' constructor_initializer?
;
constructor_initializer
: ':' 'base' '(' argument_list? ')'
| ':' 'this' '(' argument_list? ')'
;
constructor_body
: block
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §15.12 Static constructors
static_constructor_declaration
: attributes? static_constructor_modifiers identifier '(' ')'
static_constructor_body
;
static_constructor_modifiers
: 'static'
| 'static' 'extern' unsafe_modifier?
| 'static' unsafe_modifier 'extern'?
| 'extern' 'static' unsafe_modifier?
| 'extern' unsafe_modifier 'static'
| unsafe_modifier 'static' 'extern'?
| unsafe_modifier 'extern' 'static'
;
static_constructor_body
: block
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §15.13 Finalizers
finalizer_declaration
: attributes? '~' identifier '(' ')' finalizer_body
| attributes? 'extern' unsafe_modifier? '~' identifier '(' ')'
finalizer_body
| attributes? unsafe_modifier 'extern'? '~' identifier '(' ')'
finalizer_body
;
finalizer_body
: block
| '=>' expression ';'
| ';'
;
// Source: §16.2.1 General
struct_declaration
: attributes? struct_modifier* 'ref'? 'partial'? 'struct'
identifier type_parameter_list? struct_interfaces?
type_parameter_constraints_clause* struct_body ';'?
;
// Source: §16.2.2 Struct modifiers
struct_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'readonly'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §16.2.5 Struct interfaces
struct_interfaces
: ':' interface_type_list
;
// Source: §16.2.6 Struct body
struct_body
: '{' struct_member_declaration* '}'
;
// Source: §16.3 Struct members
struct_member_declaration
: constant_declaration
| field_declaration
| method_declaration
| property_declaration
| event_declaration
| indexer_declaration
| operator_declaration
| constructor_declaration
| static_constructor_declaration
| type_declaration
| fixed_size_buffer_declaration // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §17.7 Array initializers
array_initializer
: '{' variable_initializer_list? '}'
| '{' variable_initializer_list ',' '}'
;
variable_initializer_list
: variable_initializer (',' variable_initializer)*
;
variable_initializer
: expression
| array_initializer
;
// Source: §18.2.1 General
interface_declaration
: attributes? interface_modifier* 'partial'? 'interface'
identifier variant_type_parameter_list? interface_base?
type_parameter_constraints_clause* interface_body ';'?
;
// Source: §18.2.2 Interface modifiers
interface_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §18.2.3.1 General
variant_type_parameter_list
: '<' variant_type_parameters '>'
;
// Source: §18.2.3.1 General
variant_type_parameters
: attributes? variance_annotation? type_parameter
| variant_type_parameters ',' attributes? variance_annotation?
type_parameter
;
// Source: §18.2.3.1 General
variance_annotation
: 'in'
| 'out'
;
// Source: §18.2.4 Base interfaces
interface_base
: ':' interface_type_list
;
// Source: §18.3 Interface body
interface_body
: '{' interface_member_declaration* '}'
;
// Source: §18.4.1 General
interface_member_declaration
: interface_method_declaration
| interface_property_declaration
| interface_event_declaration
| interface_indexer_declaration
;
// Source: §18.4.2 Interface methods
interface_method_declaration
: attributes? 'new'? return_type interface_method_header
| attributes? 'new'? ref_kind ref_return_type interface_method_header
;
interface_method_header
: identifier '(' parameter_list? ')' ';'
| identifier type_parameter_list '(' parameter_list? ')'
type_parameter_constraints_clause* ';'
;
// Source: §18.4.3 Interface properties
interface_property_declaration
: attributes? 'new'? type identifier '{' interface_accessors '}'
| attributes? 'new'? ref_kind type identifier '{' ref_interface_accessor '}'
;
interface_accessors
: attributes? 'get' ';'
| attributes? 'set' ';'
| attributes? 'get' ';' attributes? 'set' ';'
| attributes? 'set' ';' attributes? 'get' ';'
;
ref_interface_accessor
: attributes? 'get' ';'
;
// Source: §18.4.4 Interface events
interface_event_declaration
: attributes? 'new'? 'event' type identifier ';'
;
// Source: §18.4.5 Interface indexers
interface_indexer_declaration
: attributes? 'new'? type 'this' '[' parameter_list ']'
'{' interface_accessors '}'
| attributes? 'new'? ref_kind type 'this' '[' parameter_list ']'
'{' ref_interface_accessor '}'
;
// Source: §19.2 Enum declarations
enum_declaration
: attributes? enum_modifier* 'enum' identifier enum_base? enum_body ';'?
;
enum_base
: ':' integral_type
| ':' integral_type_name
;
integral_type_name
: type_name // Shall resolve to an integral type other than char
;
enum_body
: '{' enum_member_declarations? '}'
| '{' enum_member_declarations ',' '}'
;
// Source: §19.3 Enum modifiers
enum_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
;
// Source: §19.4 Enum members
enum_member_declarations
: enum_member_declaration (',' enum_member_declaration)*
;
// Source: §19.4 Enum members
enum_member_declaration
: attributes? identifier ('=' constant_expression)?
;
// Source: §20.2 Delegate declarations
delegate_declaration
: attributes? delegate_modifier* 'delegate' return_type delegate_header
| attributes? delegate_modifier* 'delegate' ref_kind ref_return_type
delegate_header
;
delegate_header
: identifier '(' parameter_list? ')' ';'
| identifier variant_type_parameter_list '(' parameter_list? ')'
type_parameter_constraints_clause* ';'
;
delegate_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'protected'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| unsafe_modifier // unsafe code support
;
// Source: §22.3 Attribute specification
global_attributes
: global_attribute_section+
;
global_attribute_section
: '[' global_attribute_target_specifier attribute_list ']'
| '[' global_attribute_target_specifier attribute_list ',' ']'
;
global_attribute_target_specifier
: global_attribute_target ':'
;
global_attribute_target
: identifier
;
attributes
: attribute_section+
;
attribute_section
: '[' attribute_target_specifier? attribute_list ']'
| '[' attribute_target_specifier? attribute_list ',' ']'
;
attribute_target_specifier
: attribute_target ':'
;
attribute_target
: identifier
| keyword
;
attribute_list
: attribute (',' attribute)*
;
attribute
: attribute_name attribute_arguments?
;
attribute_name
: type_name
;
attribute_arguments
: '(' ')'
| '(' positional_argument_list (',' named_argument_list)? ')'
| '(' named_argument_list ')'
;
positional_argument_list
: positional_argument (',' positional_argument)*
;
positional_argument
: argument_name? attribute_argument_expression
;
named_argument_list
: named_argument (',' named_argument)*
;
named_argument
: identifier '=' attribute_argument_expression
;
attribute_argument_expression
: non_assignment_expression
;
不安全代码的 A.4 语法扩展
// Source: §23.2 Unsafe contexts
unsafe_modifier
: 'unsafe'
;
unsafe_statement
: 'unsafe' block
;
// Source: §23.3 Pointer types
pointer_type
: value_type ('*')+
| 'void' ('*')+
;
// Source: §23.6.2 Pointer indirection
pointer_indirection_expression
: '*' unary_expression
;
// Source: §23.6.3 Pointer member access
pointer_member_access
: primary_expression '->' identifier type_argument_list?
;
// Source: §23.6.4 Pointer element access
pointer_element_access
: primary_no_array_creation_expression '[' expression ']'
;
// Source: §23.6.5 The address-of operator
addressof_expression
: '&' unary_expression
;
// Source: §23.7 The fixed statement
fixed_statement
: 'fixed' '(' pointer_type fixed_pointer_declarators ')' embedded_statement
;
fixed_pointer_declarators
: fixed_pointer_declarator (',' fixed_pointer_declarator)*
;
fixed_pointer_declarator
: identifier '=' fixed_pointer_initializer
;
fixed_pointer_initializer
: '&' variable_reference
| expression
;
// Source: §23.8.2 Fixed-size buffer declarations
fixed_size_buffer_declaration
: attributes? fixed_size_buffer_modifier* 'fixed' buffer_element_type
fixed_size_buffer_declarators ';'
;
fixed_size_buffer_modifier
: 'new'
| 'public'
| 'internal'
| 'private'
| 'unsafe'
;
buffer_element_type
: type
;
fixed_size_buffer_declarators
: fixed_size_buffer_declarator (',' fixed_size_buffer_declarator)*
;
fixed_size_buffer_declarator
: identifier '[' constant_expression ']'
;
信息性文本的结尾。
