SqlCommand.BeginExecuteReader 方法
定义
重要
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启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行，并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集。
重载
| BeginExecuteReader() |
启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行，并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集。 |
| BeginExecuteReader(CommandBehavior) |
通过使用 CommandBehavior 值之一，启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行。 |
| BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback, Object) |
在给定回调过程和状态信息的情况下，启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行，并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集。 |
| BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback, Object, CommandBehavior) |
在给定回调过程和状态信息的情况下，通过使用 |
BeginExecuteReader()
启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行，并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集。
public:
IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteReader();public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteReader ();member this.BeginExecuteReader : unit -> IAsyncResultPublic Function BeginExecuteReader () As IAsyncResult返回
可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；在调用 EndExecuteReader(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。该调用会返回一个可用于检索返回行的 SqlDataReader 实例。
例外
将 Value 设置为 Stream 时，使用的是 SqlDbType 而不是 Binary 或 VarBinary。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
- 或 -
设置为 SqlDbType 时ValueTextReader，使用了 Char、NChar、NVarChar、VarChar 或 Xml 以外的 。
- 或 -
名称/值对“Asynchronous Processing=true”未包含在为此 SqlCommand 定义连接的连接字符串中。
- 或 -
流式处理操作期间关闭或删除了 SqlConnection。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间在 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象中出现了错误。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间关闭了 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
示例
以下控制台应用程序启动异步检索数据读取器的过程。 在等待结果时，这个简单的应用程序会处于一个循环中 IsCompleted ，调查属性值。 该过程完成后，代码将 SqlDataReader 立即检索 并显示其内容。
using System.Data.SqlClient;
class Class1
{
static void Main()
{
// This is a simple example that demonstrates the usage of the
// BeginExecuteReader functionality
// The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
// asynchronous nature of the command.
string commandText =
"WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:03';" +
"SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person.Contact " +
"WHERE LastName LIKE 'M%'";
RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString());
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static void RunCommandAsynchronously(
string commandText, string connectionString)
{
// Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
// the specified command against the connection. For this example,
// the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
// asynchronous behavior.
using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
try
{
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(commandText, connection);
connection.Open();
IAsyncResult result = command.BeginExecuteReader();
// Although it is not necessary, the following code
// displays a counter in the console window, indicating that
// the main thread is not blocked while awaiting the command
// results.
int count = 0;
while (!result.IsCompleted)
{
count += 1;
Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count);
// Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
// does not consume all available resources
// on the main thread.
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
}
using (SqlDataReader reader = command.EndExecuteReader(result))
{
DisplayResults(reader);
}
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message);
}
catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// You might want to pass these errors
// back out to the caller.
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
}
}
private static void DisplayResults(SqlDataReader reader)
{
// Display the data within the reader.
while (reader.Read())
{
// Display all the columns.
for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)
Console.Write("{0} ", reader.GetValue(i));
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static string GetConnectionString()
{
// To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
// you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
// If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
// connection string, the command is not able
// to execute asynchronously.
return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" +
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
}
}
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' This is a simple example that demonstrates the usage of the
' BeginExecuteReader functionality.
' The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
' asynchronous nature of the command.
Dim commandText As String = _
"WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:03';" & _
"SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person.Contact " & _
"WHERE LastName LIKE 'M%'"
RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString())
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
Private Sub RunCommandAsynchronously( _
ByVal commandText As String, ByVal connectionString As String)
' Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
' the specified command against the connection. For this example,
' the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
' asynchronous behavior.
Using connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Try
Dim command As New SqlCommand(commandText, connection)
connection.Open()
Dim result As IAsyncResult = command.BeginExecuteReader()
' Although it is not necessary, the following procedure
' displays a counter in the console window, indicating that
' the main thread is not blocked while awaiting the command
' results.
Dim count As Integer
While Not result.IsCompleted
count += 1
Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count)
' Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
' does not consume all available resources
' on the main thread.
Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
End While
' Once the IAsyncResult object signals that it is done
' waiting for results, you can retrieve the results.
Using reader As SqlDataReader = command.EndExecuteReader(result)
DisplayResults(reader)
End Using
Catch ex As SqlException
Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message)
Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
Catch ex As Exception
' You might want to pass these errors
' back out to the caller.
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
End Try
End Using
End Sub
Private Sub DisplayResults(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
' Display the data within the reader.
While reader.Read()
' Display all the columns.
For i As Integer = 0 To reader.FieldCount - 1
Console.Write("{0} ", reader.GetValue(i))
Next
Console.WriteLine()
End While
End Sub
Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
' you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
' If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
' connection string, the command is not able
' to execute asynchronously.
Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" & _
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
End Function
End Module
注解
方法 BeginExecuteReader 启动异步执行 Transact-SQL 语句或返回行的存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteReader 方法来完成操作并检索 SqlDataReader 命令返回的 。 方法 BeginExecuteReader 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteReader 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 在 EndExecuteReader 命令的执行完成之前调用 会导致 SqlCommand 对象阻塞，直到执行完成。
请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间受阻。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。 虽然命令执行是异步的，但值提取仍然是同步的。 这意味着，如果需要更多数据，并且基础网络的读取操作阻止，则对 的调用 Read 可能会受阻。
由于此重载不支持回调过程，因此开发人员必须使用 方法返回的 的 IAsyncResult 属性轮询以确定命令是否已完成IsCompleted;或者使用AsyncWaitHandle返回IAsyncResult的 的 属性等待一个或多个命令完成。BeginExecuteReader
如果使用 ExecuteReader 或 BeginExecuteReader 访问 XML 数据，SQL Server将返回长度超过 2,033 个字符的任何 XML 结果，每行包含 2,033 个字符。 若要避免此行为，请使用 ExecuteXmlReader 或 BeginExecuteXmlReader 读取 FOR XML 查询。
此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。
另请参阅
适用于
BeginExecuteReader(CommandBehavior)
通过使用 CommandBehavior 值之一，启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行。
public:
IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteReader(System::Data::CommandBehavior behavior);public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteReader (System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior);member this.BeginExecuteReader : System.Data.CommandBehavior -> IAsyncResultPublic Function BeginExecuteReader (behavior As CommandBehavior) As IAsyncResult参数
- behavior
- CommandBehavior
CommandBehavior 值之一，指示用于语句执行和数据检索的选项。
返回
可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；当调用会返回一个可用于检索返回行的 SqlDataReader 实例的 EndExecuteReader(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。
例外
将 Value 设置为 Stream 时，使用的是 SqlDbType 而不是 Binary 或 VarBinary。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
- 或 -
设置为 SqlDbType 时ValueTextReader，使用了 Char、NChar、NVarChar、VarChar 或 Xml 以外的 。
- 或 -
名称/值对“Asynchronous Processing=true”未包含在为此 SqlCommand 定义连接的连接字符串中。
- 或 -
流式处理操作期间关闭或删除了 SqlConnection。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间在 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象中出现了错误。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间关闭了 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
示例
以下控制台应用程序启动异步检索数据读取器的过程。 在等待结果时，这个简单的应用程序会处于一个循环中 IsCompleted ，调查属性值。 该过程完成后，代码将 SqlDataReader 检索 并显示其内容。
此示例还传递 CommandBehavior.CloseConnection 行为参数中的 和 CommandBehavior.SingleRow 值，导致连接关闭，返回 SqlDataReader 的 关闭，并针对单行结果进行优化。
using System.Data.SqlClient;
class Class1
{
static void Main()
{
// This example is not terribly useful, but it proves a point.
// The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
// asynchronous nature of the command.
string commandText = "WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:03';" +
"SELECT ProductID, Name FROM Production.Product WHERE ListPrice < 100";
RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString());
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static void RunCommandAsynchronously(
string commandText, string connectionString)
{
// Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
// the specified command against the connection. For this example,
// the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
// asynchronous behavior.
try
{
// The code does not need to handle closing the connection explicitly--
// the use of the CommandBehavior.CloseConnection option takes care
// of that for you.
SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(commandText, connection);
connection.Open();
IAsyncResult result = command.BeginExecuteReader(
CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
// Although it is not necessary, the following code
// displays a counter in the console window, indicating that
// the main thread is not blocked while awaiting the command
// results.
int count = 0;
while (!result.IsCompleted)
{
Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count++);
// Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
// does not consume all available resources
// on the main thread.
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
}
using (SqlDataReader reader = command.EndExecuteReader(result))
{
DisplayResults(reader);
}
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message);
}
catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// You might want to pass these errors
// back out to the caller.
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message);
}
}
private static void DisplayResults(SqlDataReader reader)
{
// Display the data within the reader.
while (reader.Read())
{
// Display all the columns.
for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)
{
Console.Write("{0}\t", reader.GetValue(i));
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static string GetConnectionString()
{
// To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
// you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
// If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
// connection string, the command is not able
// to execute asynchronously.
return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" +
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
}
}
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' This example is not terribly useful, but it proves a point.
' The WAITFOR statement simply adds enough time to prove the
' asynchronous nature of the command.
Dim commandText As String = _
"WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:03';" & _
"SELECT ProductID, Name FROM Production.Product WHERE ListPrice < 100"
RunCommandAsynchronously(commandText, GetConnectionString())
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to continue.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
Private Sub RunCommandAsynchronously( _
ByVal commandText As String, ByVal connectionString As String)
' Given command text and connection string, asynchronously execute
' the specified command against the connection. For this example,
' the code displays an indicator as it is working, verifying the
' asynchronous behavior.
Try
' The code does not need to handle closing the connection explicitly--
' the use of the CommandBehavior.CloseConnection option takes care
' of that for you.
Dim connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Dim command As New SqlCommand(commandText, connection)
connection.Open()
Dim result As IAsyncResult = _
command.BeginExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection)
' Although it is not necessary, the following code
' displays a counter in the console window, indicating that
' the main thread is not blocked while awaiting the command
' results.
Dim count As Integer = 0
While Not result.IsCompleted
count += 1
Console.WriteLine("Waiting ({0})", count)
' Wait for 1/10 second, so the counter
' does not consume all available resources
' on the main thread.
Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
End While
' The "using" statement closes the SqlDataReader when it is
' done executing.
Using reader As SqlDataReader = command.EndExecuteReader(result)
DisplayResults(reader)
End Using
Catch ex As SqlException
Console.WriteLine("Error ({0}): {1}", ex.Number, ex.Message)
Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
Catch ex As Exception
' You might want to pass these errors
' back out to the caller.
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", ex.Message)
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub DisplayResults(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
' Display the data within the reader.
While reader.Read()
' Display all the columns.
For i As Integer = 0 To reader.FieldCount - 1
Console.Write("{0} ", reader.GetValue(i))
Next
Console.WriteLine()
End While
End Sub
Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
' you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
' If you have not included "Asynchronous Processing=true" in the
' connection string, the command is not able
' to execute asynchronously.
Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" & _
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
End Function
End Module
注解
方法 BeginExecuteReader 启动异步执行 Transact-SQL 语句或返回行的存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteReader 方法来完成操作并检索 SqlDataReader 命令返回的 。 方法 BeginExecuteReader 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteReader 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 在 EndExecuteReader 命令的执行完成之前调用 会导致 SqlCommand 对象阻塞，直到执行完成。
参数 behavior 允许你指定用于控制命令行为及其连接的选项。 这些值可以使用编程语言的 OR 运算符) (组合在一起;通常，开发人员使用 CommandBehavior.CloseConnection 值来确保在关闭 时 SqlDataReader 运行时关闭连接。
请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间受阻。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。 虽然命令执行是异步的，但值提取仍然是同步的。 这意味着，如果需要更多数据，并且基础网络的读取操作阻止，则对 的调用 Read 可能会受阻。
由于此重载不支持回调过程，因此开发人员必须使用 方法返回的 的 IAsyncResult 属性轮询以确定命令是否已完成IsCompleted;或者使用AsyncWaitHandle返回IAsyncResult的 的 属性等待一个或多个命令完成。BeginExecuteNonQuery
如果使用 ExecuteReader 或 BeginExecuteReader 访问 XML 数据，SQL Server将返回长度超过 2,033 个字符的任何 XML 结果，每行包含 2,033 个字符。 若要避免此行为，请使用 ExecuteXmlReader 或 BeginExecuteXmlReader 读取 FOR XML 查询。
此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。
另请参阅
适用于
BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback, Object)
在给定回调过程和状态信息的情况下，启动此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行，并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集。
public:
IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback ^ callback, System::Object ^ stateObject);public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteReader (AsyncCallback callback, object stateObject);member this.BeginExecuteReader : AsyncCallback * obj -> IAsyncResultPublic Function BeginExecuteReader (callback As AsyncCallback, stateObject As Object) As IAsyncResult参数
- callback
- AsyncCallback
命令执行完成时调用的 AsyncCallback 委托。 传递 null（在 Microsoft Visual Basic 中为 Nothing）以指示不需要回调。
- stateObject
- Object
传递到回调过程的用户定义的状态对象。 使用 AsyncState 属性从回调过程内检索此对象。
返回
可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；当调用会返回可用于检索返回行的 SqlDataReader 实例的 EndExecuteReader(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。
例外
将 Value 设置为 Stream 时，使用的是 SqlDbType 而不是 Binary 或 VarBinary。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
- 或 -
SqlDbType设置为 时ValueTextReader，使用了 Char、NChar、NVarChar、VarChar 或 Xml 以外的其他项。
- 或 -
名称/值对“Asynchronous Processing=true”未包含在为此 SqlCommand 定义连接的连接字符串中。
- 或 -
流式处理操作期间关闭或删除了 SqlConnection。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间在 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象中出现了错误。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间关闭了 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
示例
以下 Windows 应用程序演示如何使用 BeginExecuteReader 方法，以执行包含几秒钟延迟（模拟长时间运行的命令）的 Transact-SQL 语句。 由于示例以异步方式执行命令，因此窗体在等待结果时保持响应。 此示例将正在执行 SqlCommand 的对象作为 stateObject 参数传递;这样做使从回调过程中检索 SqlCommand 对象变得简单，以便代码可以调用 EndExecuteReader 对应于对 的初始调用 BeginExecuteReader的方法。
此示例演示了许多重要的技术。 这包括从单独的线程调用与窗体交互的方法。 此外，此示例演示了如何阻止用户多次同时执行命令，以及如何确保在调用回调过程之前窗体不会关闭。
若要设置此示例，请创建新的 Windows 应用程序。 将 Button 控件、 DataGridView 控件和 Label 控件放在窗体上， (接受每个控件的默认名称) 。 将以下代码添加到窗体的 类，根据环境需要修改连接字符串。
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Microsoft.AdoDotNet.CodeSamples
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
// Hook up the form's Load event handler (you can double-click on
// the form's design surface in Visual Studio), and then add
// this code to the form's class:
// You need this delegate in order to fill the grid from
// a thread other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
// procedure for more information.
private delegate void FillGridDelegate(SqlDataReader reader);
// You need this delegate to update the status bar.
private delegate void DisplayStatusDelegate(string Text);
// This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
// to restart the command or close the form while the
// asynchronous command is executing.
private bool isExecuting = false;
// Because the overloaded version of BeginExecuteReader
// demonstrated here does not allow you to have the connection
// closed automatically, this example maintains the
// connection object externally, so that it is available for closing.
private SqlConnection connection = null;
private void DisplayStatus(string Text)
{
this.label1.Text = Text;
}
private void FillGrid(SqlDataReader reader)
{
try
{
DataTable table = new DataTable();
table.Load(reader);
this.dataGridView1.DataSource = table;
DisplayStatus("Ready");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Because you are guaranteed this procedure
// is running from within the form's thread,
// it can directly interact with members of the form.
DisplayStatus(string.Format("Ready (last attempt failed: {0})",
ex.Message));
}
finally
{
// Do not forget to close the connection, as well.
if (reader != null)
{
reader.Close();
}
if (connection != null)
{
connection.Close();
}
}
}
private void HandleCallback(IAsyncResult result)
{
try
{
// Retrieve the original command object, passed
// to this procedure in the AsyncState property
// of the IAsyncResult parameter.
SqlCommand command = (SqlCommand)result.AsyncState;
SqlDataReader reader = command.EndExecuteReader(result);
// You may not interact with the form and its contents
// from a different thread, and this callback procedure
// is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
// than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that
// fills the grid, like this:
// FillGrid(reader);
// Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
// One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
// method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
// from the form's thread.
FillGridDelegate del = new FillGridDelegate(FillGrid);
this.Invoke(del, reader);
// Do not close the reader here, because it is being used in
// a separate thread. Instead, have the procedure you have
// called close the reader once it is done with it.
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Because you are now running code in a separate thread,
// if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
// code catches the exception. Because there is none of
// your code on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
// higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not
// handle it here. You can either log the exception or
// invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this
// example) to display the error on the form. In no case
// can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
// as in the try block here.
// You can create the delegate instance as you
// invoke it, like this:
this.Invoke(new DisplayStatusDelegate(DisplayStatus),
"Error: " + ex.Message);
}
finally
{
isExecuting = false;
}
}
private string GetConnectionString()
{
// To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
// you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
// If you do not include the Asynchronous Processing=true name/value pair,
// you wo not be able to execute the command asynchronously.
return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" +
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (isExecuting)
{
MessageBox.Show(this,
"Already executing. Please wait until the current query " +
"has completed.");
}
else
{
SqlCommand command = null;
try
{
DisplayStatus("Connecting...");
connection = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString());
// To emulate a long-running query, wait for
// a few seconds before retrieving the real data.
command = new SqlCommand("WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';" +
"SELECT ProductID, Name, ListPrice, Weight FROM Production.Product",
connection);
connection.Open();
DisplayStatus("Executing...");
isExecuting = true;
// Although it is not required that you pass the
// SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the
// BeginExecuteReader call, doing so makes it easier
// to call EndExecuteReader in the callback procedure.
AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(HandleCallback);
command.BeginExecuteReader(callback, command);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
DisplayStatus("Error: " + ex.Message);
if (connection != null)
{
connection.Close();
}
}
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
this.FormClosing += new FormClosingEventHandler(Form1_FormClosing);
}
void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
if (isExecuting)
{
MessageBox.Show(this, "Cannot close the form until " +
"the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...");
e.Cancel = true;
}
}
}
}
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class Form1
' Add this code to the form's class:
' You need this delegate in order to fill the grid from
' a thread other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
' procedure for more information.
Private Delegate Sub FillGridDelegate(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
' You need this delegate to update the status bar.
Private Delegate Sub DisplayStatusDelegate(ByVal Text As String)
' This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
' to restart the command or close the form while the
' asynchronous command is executing.
Private isExecuting As Boolean
' Because the overloaded version of BeginExecuteReader
' demonstrated here does not allow you to have the connection
' closed automatically, this example maintains the
' connection object externally, so that it is available for closing.
Private connection As SqlConnection
Private Sub DisplayStatus(ByVal Text As String)
Me.Label1.Text = Text
End Sub
Private Sub FillGrid(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
Try
Dim table As New DataTable
table.Load(reader)
Me.DataGridView1.DataSource = table
DisplayStatus("Ready")
Catch ex As Exception
' Because you are guaranteed this procedure
' is running from within the form's thread,
' it can directly interact with members of the form.
DisplayStatus(String.Format("Ready (last attempt failed: {0})", ex.Message))
Finally
' Do not forget to close the connection, as well.
If Not reader Is Nothing Then
reader.Close()
End If
If Not connection Is Nothing Then
connection.Close()
End If
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub HandleCallback(ByVal result As IAsyncResult)
Try
' Retrieve the original command object, passed
' to this procedure in the AsyncState property
' of the IAsyncResult parameter.
Dim command As SqlCommand = CType(result.AsyncState, SqlCommand)
Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.EndExecuteReader(result)
' You may not interact with the form and its contents
' from a different thread, and this callback procedure
' is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
' than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that
' fills the grid, like this:
' FillGrid(reader)
' Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
' One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
' method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
' from the form's thread.
Dim del As New FillGridDelegate(AddressOf FillGrid)
Me.Invoke(del, reader)
' Do not close the reader here, because it is being used in
' a separate thread. Instead, have the procedure you have
' called close the reader once it is done with it.
Catch ex As Exception
' Because you are now running code in a separate thread,
' if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
' code catches the exception. Because there is none of
' your code on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
' higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not
' handle it here. You can either log the exception or
' invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this
' example) to display the error on the form. In no case
' can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
' as in the Try block here.
' You can create the delegate instance as you
' invoke it, like this:
Me.Invoke(New DisplayStatusDelegate(AddressOf DisplayStatus), _
"Error: " & ex.Message)
Finally
isExecuting = False
End Try
End Sub
Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
' you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
' If you do not include the Asynchronous Processing=true name/value pair,
' you wo not be able to execute the command asynchronously.
Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" & _
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
End Function
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
If isExecuting Then
MessageBox.Show(Me, _
"Already executing. Please wait until the current query " & _
"has completed.")
Else
Dim command As SqlCommand
Try
DisplayStatus("Connecting...")
connection = New SqlConnection(GetConnectionString())
' To emulate a long-running query, wait for
' a few seconds before retrieving the real data.
command = New SqlCommand( _
"WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';" & _
"SELECT ProductID, Name, ListPrice, Weight FROM Production.Product", _
connection)
connection.Open()
DisplayStatus("Executing...")
isExecuting = True
' Although it is not required that you pass the
' SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the
' BeginExecuteReader call, doing so makes it easier
' to call EndExecuteReader in the callback procedure.
Dim callback As New AsyncCallback(AddressOf HandleCallback)
command.BeginExecuteReader(callback, command)
Catch ex As Exception
DisplayStatus("Error: " & ex.Message)
If connection IsNot Nothing Then
connection.Close()
End If
End Try
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) _
Handles Me.FormClosing
If isExecuting Then
MessageBox.Show(Me, "Cannot close the form until " & _
"the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...")
e.Cancel = True
End If
End Sub
End Class
注解
方法 BeginExecuteReader 启动异步执行返回行的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteReader 方法来完成操作并检索 SqlDataReader 命令返回的 。 方法 BeginExecuteReader 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteReader 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 EndExecuteReader在命令执行完成之前调用 会导致SqlCommand对象阻塞，直到执行完成。
参数 callback 允许指定在 AsyncCallback 语句完成时调用的委托。 可以从此委托过程内部或应用程序内的任何其他位置调用 EndExecuteReader 方法。 此外，可以传递 参数中的任何 stateObject 对象，并且回调过程可以使用 属性检索此信息 AsyncState 。
请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间阻止。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。 虽然命令执行是异步的，但值提取仍然是同步的。 这意味着，如果需要更多数据并且基础网络的读取操作阻止，则对 的调用 Read 可能会阻止。
由于回调过程从 Microsoft .NET 运行时提供的后台线程内执行，因此请务必采用严格的方法来处理来自应用程序内的跨线程交互。 例如，不得在回调过程中与表单的内容进行交互;如果必须更新窗体，则必须切换回窗体的线程才能完成工作。 本主题中的示例演示了此行为。
在执行操作期间发生的所有错误都会在回调过程中作为异常引发。 必须在回调过程中处理异常，而不是在main应用程序中。 有关在回调过程中处理异常的其他信息，请参阅本主题中的示例。
如果使用 ExecuteReader 或 BeginExecuteReader 访问 XML 数据，SQL Server将返回长度超过 2,033 个字符的任何 XML 结果，每行 2,033 个字符。 若要避免此行为，请使用 ExecuteXmlReader 或 BeginExecuteXmlReader 读取 FOR XML 查询。
此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。
另请参阅
适用于
BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback, Object, CommandBehavior)
在给定回调过程和状态信息的情况下，通过使用 CommandBehavior 值之一并从服务器中检索一个或多个结果集，启动由此 SqlCommand 描述的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的异步执行。
public:
IAsyncResult ^ BeginExecuteReader(AsyncCallback ^ callback, System::Object ^ stateObject, System::Data::CommandBehavior behavior);public IAsyncResult BeginExecuteReader (AsyncCallback callback, object stateObject, System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior);member this.BeginExecuteReader : AsyncCallback * obj * System.Data.CommandBehavior -> IAsyncResultPublic Function BeginExecuteReader (callback As AsyncCallback, stateObject As Object, behavior As CommandBehavior) As IAsyncResult参数
- callback
- AsyncCallback
命令执行完成时调用的 AsyncCallback 委托。 传递 null（在 Microsoft Visual Basic 中为 Nothing）以指示不需要回调。
- stateObject
- Object
传递到回调过程的用户定义的状态对象。 使用 AsyncState 属性从回调过程内检索此对象。
- behavior
- CommandBehavior
CommandBehavior 值之一，指示用于语句执行和数据检索的选项。
返回
可用于轮询和/或等待结果的 IAsyncResult；在调用 EndExecuteReader(IAsyncResult) 时，也需要该值。该调用会返回一个可用于检索返回行的 SqlDataReader 实例。
例外
将 Value 设置为 Stream 时，使用的是 SqlDbType 而不是 Binary 或 VarBinary。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
- 或 -
SqlDbType设置为 时ValueTextReader，使用了 Char、NChar、NVarChar、VarChar 或 Xml 以外的其他项。
- 或 -
名称/值对“Asynchronous Processing=true”未包含在为此 SqlCommand 定义连接的连接字符串中。
- 或 -
流式处理操作期间关闭或删除了 SqlConnection。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间在 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象中出现了错误。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
流式处理操作期间关闭了 Stream、XmlReader 或 TextReader 对象。 有关流式处理的详细信息，请参阅 SqlClient 流支持。
示例
以下 Windows 应用程序演示如何使用 BeginExecuteReader 方法，以执行包含几秒钟延迟（模拟长时间运行的命令）的 Transact-SQL 语句。 由于示例异步执行命令，因此窗体在等待结果时保持响应。 此示例将正在执行 SqlCommand 的对象作为 stateObject 参数传递;这样做使从回调过程中检索 SqlCommand 对象变得简单，以便代码可以调用 EndExecuteReader 对应于对 的初始调用 BeginExecuteReader的方法。
此示例演示了许多重要的技术。 这包括从单独的线程调用与窗体交互的方法。 此外，此示例演示了如何阻止用户多次同时执行命令，以及如何在调用回调过程之前确保窗体不会关闭。
若要设置此示例，请创建新的 Windows 应用程序。 将 Button 控件、 DataGridView 控件和 Label 控件放在窗体上， (接受每个控件的默认名称) 。 将以下代码添加到窗体的 类，根据环境需要修改连接字符串。
此示例传递 CommandBehavior.CloseConnection 参数中的 behavior 值，导致返回的 SqlDataReader 在关闭时自动关闭其连接。
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Microsoft.AdoDotNet.CodeSamples
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
// Hook up the form's Load event handler (you can double-click on
// the form's design surface in Visual Studio), and then add
// this code to the form's class:
// You need this delegate in order to fill the grid from
// a thread other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
// procedure for more information.
private delegate void FillGridDelegate(SqlDataReader reader);
// You need this delegate to update the status bar.
private delegate void DisplayStatusDelegate(string Text);
// This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
// to restart the command or close the form while the
// asynchronous command is executing.
private bool isExecuting;
private void DisplayStatus(string Text)
{
this.label1.Text = Text;
}
private void FillGrid(SqlDataReader reader)
{
try
{
DataTable table = new DataTable();
table.Load(reader);
this.dataGridView1.DataSource = table;
DisplayStatus("Ready");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Because you are guaranteed this procedure
// is running from within the form's thread,
// it can directly interact with members of the form.
DisplayStatus(string.Format("Ready (last attempt failed: {0})",
ex.Message));
}
finally
{
// Closing the reader also closes the connection,
// because this reader was created using the
// CommandBehavior.CloseConnection value.
if (reader != null)
{
reader.Close();
}
}
}
private void HandleCallback(IAsyncResult result)
{
try
{
// Retrieve the original command object, passed
// to this procedure in the AsyncState property
// of the IAsyncResult parameter.
SqlCommand command = (SqlCommand)result.AsyncState;
SqlDataReader reader = command.EndExecuteReader(result);
// You may not interact with the form and its contents
// from a different thread, and this callback procedure
// is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
// than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that
// fills the grid, like this:
// FillGrid(reader);
// Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
// One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
// method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
// from the form's thread.
FillGridDelegate del = new FillGridDelegate(FillGrid);
this.Invoke(del, reader);
// Do not close the reader here, because it is being used in
// a separate thread. Instead, have the procedure you have
// called close the reader once it is done with it.
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Because you are now running code in a separate thread,
// if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
// code catches the exception. Because there is none of
// your code on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
// higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not
// handle it here. You can either log the exception or
// invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this
// example) to display the error on the form. In no case
// can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
// as in the try block here.
// You can create the delegate instance as you
// invoke it, like this:
this.Invoke(new DisplayStatusDelegate(DisplayStatus), "Error: " +
ex.Message);
}
finally
{
isExecuting = false;
}
}
private string GetConnectionString()
{
// To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
// you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
// If you do not include the Asynchronous Processing=true name/value pair,
// you wo not be able to execute the command asynchronously.
return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" +
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true";
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (isExecuting)
{
MessageBox.Show(this,
"Already executing. Please wait until the current query " +
"has completed.");
}
else
{
SqlCommand command = null;
SqlConnection connection = null;
try
{
DisplayStatus("Connecting...");
connection = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString());
// To emulate a long-running query, wait for
// a few seconds before retrieving the real data.
command = new SqlCommand("WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';" +
"SELECT ProductID, Name, ListPrice, Weight FROM Production.Product",
connection);
connection.Open();
DisplayStatus("Executing...");
isExecuting = true;
// Although it is not required that you pass the
// SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the
// BeginExecuteReader call, doing so makes it easier
// to call EndExecuteReader in the callback procedure.
AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(HandleCallback);
command.BeginExecuteReader(callback, command,
CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
DisplayStatus("Error: " + ex.Message);
if (connection != null)
{
connection.Close();
}
}
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
this.FormClosing += new FormClosingEventHandler(Form1_FormClosing);
}
void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
if (isExecuting)
{
MessageBox.Show(this, "Cannot close the form until " +
"the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...");
e.Cancel = true;
}
}
}
}
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class Form1
' Add this code to the form's class:
' You this delegate in order to fill the grid from
' a thread other than the form's thread. See the HandleCallback
' procedure for more information.
Private Delegate Sub FillGridDelegate(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
' You need this delegate to update the status bar.
Private Delegate Sub DisplayStatusDelegate(ByVal Text As String)
' This flag ensures that the user does not attempt
' to restart the command or close the form while the
' asynchronous command is executing.
Private isExecuting As Boolean
Private Sub DisplayStatus(ByVal Text As String)
Me.Label1.Text = Text
End Sub
Private Sub FillGrid(ByVal reader As SqlDataReader)
Try
Dim table As New DataTable
table.Load(reader)
Me.DataGridView1.DataSource = table
DisplayStatus("Ready")
Catch ex As Exception
' Because you are guaranteed this procedure
' is running from within the form's thread,
' it can directly interact with members of the form.
DisplayStatus(String.Format("Ready (last attempt failed: {0})", ex.Message))
Finally
' Closing the reader also closes the connection,
' because this reader was created using the
' CommandBehavior.CloseConnection value.
If reader IsNot Nothing Then
reader.Close()
End If
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub HandleCallback(ByVal result As IAsyncResult)
Try
' Retrieve the original command object, passed
' to this procedure in the AsyncState property
' of the IAsyncResult parameter.
Dim command As SqlCommand = CType(result.AsyncState, SqlCommand)
Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.EndExecuteReader(result)
' You may not interact with the form and its contents
' from a different thread, and this callback procedure
' is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread
' than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that
' fills the grid, like this:
' FillGrid(reader)
' Instead, you must call the procedure from the form's thread.
' One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke
' method of the form, which calls the delegate you supply
' from the form's thread.
Dim del As New FillGridDelegate(AddressOf FillGrid)
Me.Invoke(del, reader)
' Do not close the reader here, because it is being used in
' a separate thread. Instead, have the procedure you have
' called close the reader once it is done with it.
Catch ex As Exception
' Because you are now running code in a separate thread,
' if you do not handle the exception here, none of your other
' code catches the exception. Because there is none of
' your code on the call stack in this thread, there is nothing
' higher up the stack to catch the exception if you do not
' handle it here. You can either log the exception or
' invoke a delegate (as in the non-error case in this
' example) to display the error on the form. In no case
' can you simply display the error without executing a delegate
' as in the Try block here.
' You can create the delegate instance as you
' invoke it, like this:
Me.Invoke(New DisplayStatusDelegate(AddressOf DisplayStatus), _
"Error: " & ex.Message)
Finally
isExecuting = False
End Try
End Sub
Private Function GetConnectionString() As String
' To avoid storing the connection string in your code,
' you can retrieve it from a configuration file.
' If you do not include the Asynchronous Processing=true name/value pair,
' you wo not be able to execute the command asynchronously.
Return "Data Source=(local);Integrated Security=true;" & _
"Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks; Asynchronous Processing=true"
End Function
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
If isExecuting Then
MessageBox.Show(Me, "Already executing. Please wait until the current query " & _
"has completed.")
Else
Dim connection As SqlConnection
Dim command As SqlCommand
Try
DisplayStatus("Connecting...")
connection = New SqlConnection(GetConnectionString())
' To emulate a long-running query, wait for
' a few seconds before retrieving the real data.
command = New SqlCommand( _
"WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';" & _
"SELECT ProductID, Name, ListPrice, Weight FROM Production.Product", _
connection)
connection.Open()
DisplayStatus("Executing...")
isExecuting = True
' Although it is not required that you pass the
' SqlCommand object as the second parameter in the
' BeginExecuteReader call, doing so makes it easier
' to call EndExecuteReader in the callback procedure.
Dim callback As New AsyncCallback(AddressOf HandleCallback)
command.BeginExecuteReader(callback, command, _
CommandBehavior.CloseConnection)
Catch ex As Exception
DisplayStatus("Error: " & ex.Message)
If connection IsNot Nothing Then
connection.Close()
End If
End Try
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) Handles Me.FormClosing
If isExecuting Then
MessageBox.Show(Me, "Cannot close the form until " & _
"the pending asynchronous command has completed. Please wait...")
e.Cancel = True
End If
End Sub
End Class
注解
方法 BeginExecuteReader 启动异步执行返回行的 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程的过程，以便其他任务可以在语句执行时并发运行。 语句完成后，开发人员必须调用 EndExecuteReader 方法来完成操作并检索 SqlDataReader 命令返回的 。 方法 BeginExecuteReader 会立即返回，但在代码执行相应的 EndExecuteReader 方法调用之前，它不得执行针对同 SqlCommand 一对象启动同步或异步执行的任何其他调用。 EndExecuteReader在命令执行完成之前调用 会导致SqlCommand对象阻塞，直到执行完成。
参数 callback 允许指定在 AsyncCallback 语句完成时调用的委托。 可以从此委托过程内部或应用程序内的任何其他位置调用 EndExecuteReader 方法。 此外，可以传递 参数中的任何 stateObject 对象，并且回调过程可以使用 属性检索此信息 AsyncState 。
参数 behavior 允许你指定用于控制命令行为及其连接的选项。 可以使用编程语言的 Or 运算符) 将这些值组合在一起 (;通常，开发人员使用 CloseConnection 值来确保在 关闭 时 SqlDataReader 运行时关闭连接。 如果事先知道 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程仅返回单个行，开发人员还可以通过指定 SingleRow 值来优化 的行为SqlDataReader。
请注意，命令文本和参数以同步方式发送到服务器。 如果发送了大型命令或多个参数，此方法可能会在写入期间阻止。 发送命令后，方法会立即返回，而无需等待服务器的答案，即读取是异步的。 虽然命令执行是异步的，但值提取仍然是同步的。 这意味着，如果需要更多数据并且基础网络的读取操作阻止，则对 的调用 Read 可能会阻止。
由于回调过程从 Microsoft .NET 公共语言运行时提供的后台线程内执行，因此请务必采用严格的方法来处理应用程序中的跨线程交互。 例如，不得在回调过程中与窗体的内容进行交互--如果必须更新窗体，则必须切换回窗体的线程才能完成工作。 本主题中的示例演示了此行为。
在执行操作期间发生的所有错误都会在回调过程中作为异常引发。 必须在回调过程中处理异常，而不是在main应用程序中。 有关在回调过程中处理异常的其他信息，请参阅本主题中的示例。
如果使用 ExecuteReader 或 BeginExecuteReader 访问 XML 数据，SQL Server将返回长度超过 2,033 个字符的任何 XML 结果，每行 2,033 个字符。 若要避免此行为，请使用 ExecuteXmlReader 或 BeginExecuteXmlReader 读取 FOR XML 查询。
此方法忽略 CommandTimeout 属性。
