如何:使用 combinable 来组合集
本主题介绍如何使用 concurrency::combinable 类计算质数集。
示例
以下示例计算质数集两次。 每次计算都将结果存储在 std::bitset 对象中。 该示例首先串行计算集合,然后并行计算集合。 示例还控制台输出了进行两种计算所需的时间。
此示例使用 concurrency::parallel_for 算法和 combinable
对象来生成线程本地集。 然后使用 concurrency::combinable::combine_each 方法将线程本地集组合成最终集。
// parallel-combine-primes.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <windows.h>
#include <ppl.h>
#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace std;
// Calls the provided work function and returns the number of milliseconds
// that it takes to call that function.
template <class Function>
__int64 time_call(Function&& f)
{
__int64 begin = GetTickCount();
f();
return GetTickCount() - begin;
}
// Determines whether the input value is prime.
bool is_prime(int n)
{
if (n < 2)
return false;
for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i)
{
if ((n % i) == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
const int limit = 40000;
int wmain()
{
// A set of prime numbers that is computed serially.
bitset<limit> primes1;
// A set of prime numbers that is computed in parallel.
bitset<limit> primes2;
__int64 elapsed;
// Compute the set of prime numbers in a serial loop.
elapsed = time_call([&]
{
for(int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
if (is_prime(i))
primes1.set(i);
}
});
wcout << L"serial time: " << elapsed << L" ms" << endl << endl;
// Compute the same set of numbers in parallel.
elapsed = time_call([&]
{
// Use a parallel_for loop and a combinable object to compute
// the set in parallel.
// You do not need to synchronize access to the set because the
// combinable object provides a separate bitset object to each thread.
combinable<bitset<limit>> working;
parallel_for(0, limit, [&](int i) {
if (is_prime(i))
working.local().set(i);
});
// Merge each thread-local computation into the final result.
working.combine_each([&](bitset<limit>& local) {
primes2 |= local;
});
});
wcout << L"parallel time: " << elapsed << L" ms" << endl << endl;
}
以下是具有四个处理器的计算机的输出示例。
serial time: 312 ms
parallel time: 78 ms
编译代码
复制示例代码,并将它粘贴到 Visual Studio 项目中,或粘贴到名为 parallel-combine-primes.cpp
的文件中,再在 Visual Studio 命令提示符窗口中运行以下命令。
cl.exe /EHsc parallel-combine-primes.cpp