通过

演练：使用 WRL 和媒体基础创建 UWP 应用

  • 项目

注意

对于新 UWP 应用和组件，建议使用 C++/WinRT，这是 Windows 运行时 API 的新标准 C++17 语言投影。 从版本 1803 (10.0.17134.0) 起，C++/WinRT 在 Windows SDK 中提供。 C++/WinRT 完全在头文件中实现，旨在提供对新式 Windows API 的优先访问权限。

本教程介绍如何使用 Windows 运行时 C++ 模板库 (WRL) 创建使用 Microsoft 媒体基础的通用 Windows 平台 (UWP) 应用。

此示例创建自定义媒体基础转换。 它向捕捉自网络摄像头的图像应用灰度效果。 该应用利用 C++ 定义自定义转换，并利用 C# 将该组件用于转换捕捉的图像。

注意

除了 C#，你也可以利用 JavaScript、Visual Basic 或 C++ 来使用自定义转换组件。

通常可以使用 C++/CX 创建 Windows 运行时组件。 但是，有时候需要使用 WRL。 例如，在为 Microsoft 媒体基础创建媒体扩展时，必须创建一个可同时实现 COM 接口和 Windows 运行时接口的组件。 由于 C++/CX 只能创建 Windows 运行时对象，因此若要创建媒体扩展，必须使用 WRL。 这是因为它允许实现 COM 接口和 Windows 运行时接口。

注意

尽管此代码示例很长，但它演示了创建有用的媒体基础转换所需的最低要求。 你可以将它作为自己的自定义转换的起点。 此示例改编自媒体扩展示例，后者使用媒体扩展向视频应用效果，对视频解码，以及创建生成媒体流的方案处理程序。

先决条件

  • 在 Visual Studio 2017 及更高版本中，UWP 支持是一个可选组件。 若要安装它，请从 Windows“开始”菜单打开Visual Studio 安装程序，并找到 Visual Studio 的版本。 选择“修改”，并确保选中“通用 Windows 平台开发”磁贴。 在“可选组件”下，选中适用于 Visual Studio 2017 的“C++ Tools for UWP (v141)”，或适用于 Visual Studio 2019 的“C++ Tools for UWP (v142)”。 然后选中要使用的 Windows SDK 版本。

  • 体验 Windows 运行时。

  • 熟悉 COM。

  • 网络摄像机。

要点

  • 要创建自定义媒体基础组件，请使用 Microsoft 接口定义语言 (MIDL) 定义文件定义一个接口，实现该接口，然后使其可从其他组件激活。

  • 和namespaceruntimeclass属性以及NTDDI_WIN8版本属性值是使用 WRL 的 Media Foundation 组件 MIDL 定义的重要部分。

  • Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClass 是自定义媒体基础组件的基类。 [Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClassType::WinRtClassicComMix](runtimeclasstype-enumeration.md) 枚举值以模板自变量形式提供，用于将类标记为同时用作 Windows 运行时类和经典 COM 运行时类。

  • InspectableClass 宏实现基本的 COM 功能，比如引用计数和 QueryInterface 方法，并设置运行时类名称和信任级别。

  • 使用 Microsoft::WRL::Module 类实现 DLL 入口点函数，例如 DllGetActivationFactory、DllCanUnloadNow 和 DllGetClassObject。

  • 将组件 DLL 链接到 runtimeobject.lib。 另外，在链接器行上指定 /WINMD 以生成 Windows 元数据。

  • 使用项目引用，使 WRL 组件可供 UWP 应用访问。

使用 WRL 创建媒体基础灰度转换组件的步骤

  1. 在 Visual Studio 中，创建一个“空白解决方案”项目。 为该项目命名，例如“MediaCapture”。

  2. 向解决方案添加“DLL (通用 Windows)”项目。 为该项目命名，例如“GrayscaleTransform”。

  3. 向该项目添加“MIDL 文件(.idl)”文件。 为该文件命名，例如，GrayscaleTransform.idl。

  4. 将此代码添加到 GrayscaleTransform.idl：

    import "Windows.Media.idl";

#include <sdkddkver.h>

namespace GrayscaleTransform
{
    [version(NTDDI_WIN8), activatable(NTDDI_WIN8)]
    runtimeclass GrayscaleEffect 
    {
        [default] interface Windows.Media.IMediaExtension;
    }
}

  5. 用下面的代码替换 pch.h 的内容：

    #pragma once

#include "targetver.h"

#include <new>
#include <mfapi.h>
#include <mftransform.h>
#include <mfidl.h>
#include <mferror.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#include <assert.h>

// Note: The Direct2D helper library is included for its 2D matrix operations.
#include <D2d1helper.h>

#include <wrl\implements.h>
#include <wrl\module.h>
#include <windows.media.h>

  6. 向项目添加新的头文件，将其命名为 BufferLock.h，然后将内容替换为以下代码：

    #pragma once

//  Locks a video buffer that might or might not support IMF2DBuffer.

class VideoBufferLock
{
public:
    VideoBufferLock(IMFMediaBuffer *pBuffer) : m_p2DBuffer(nullptr)
    {
        m_pBuffer = pBuffer;
        m_pBuffer->AddRef();

        // Query for the 2-D buffer interface. OK if this fails.
        m_pBuffer->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_p2DBuffer));
    }

    ~VideoBufferLock()
    {
        UnlockBuffer();
        m_pBuffer->Release();
        if (m_p2DBuffer)
        {
            m_p2DBuffer->Release();
        }
    }

    // LockBuffer:
    // Locks the buffer. Returns a pointer to scan line 0 and returns the stride.

    // The caller must provide the default stride as an input parameter, in case
    // the buffer does not expose IMF2DBuffer. You can calculate the default stride
    // from the media type.

    HRESULT LockBuffer(
        LONG  lDefaultStride,    // Minimum stride (with no padding).
        DWORD dwHeightInPixels,  // Height of the image, in pixels.
        BYTE  **ppbScanLine0,    // Receives a pointer to the start of scan line 0.
        LONG  *plStride          // Receives the actual stride.
        )
    {
        HRESULT hr = S_OK;

        // Use the 2-D version if available.
        if (m_p2DBuffer)
        {
            hr = m_p2DBuffer->Lock2D(ppbScanLine0, plStride);
        }
        else
        {
            // Use non-2D version.
            BYTE *pData = nullptr;

            hr = m_pBuffer->Lock(&pData, nullptr, nullptr);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                *plStride = lDefaultStride;
                if (lDefaultStride < 0)
                {
                    // Bottom-up orientation. Return a pointer to the start of the
                    // last row *in memory* which is the top row of the image.
                    *ppbScanLine0 = pData + abs(lDefaultStride) * (dwHeightInPixels - 1);
                }
                else
                {
                    // Top-down orientation. Return a pointer to the start of the
                    // buffer.
                    *ppbScanLine0 = pData;
                }
            }
        }
        return hr;
    }

    HRESULT UnlockBuffer()
    {
        if (m_p2DBuffer)
        {
            return m_p2DBuffer->Unlock2D();
        }
        else
        {
            return m_pBuffer->Unlock();
        }
    }

private:
    IMFMediaBuffer  *m_pBuffer;
    IMF2DBuffer     *m_p2DBuffer;
};

  7. 此示例不使用 GrayscaleTransform.h。 如有需要，可以将其从项目中删除。

  8. 用下面的代码替换 GrayscaleTransform.cpp 的内容：

    #include "pch.h"

#include "GrayscaleTransform_h.h"
#include "BufferLock.h"

using namespace Microsoft::WRL;

//
// * IMPORTANT: If you implement your own MFT, create a new GUID for the CLSID. *
//

// Configuration attributes

// {7BBBB051-133B-41F5-B6AA-5AFF9B33A2CB}
GUID const MFT_GRAYSCALE_DESTINATION_RECT = {0x7bbbb051, 0x133b, 0x41f5, 0xb6, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0xff, 0x9b, 0x33, 0xa2, 0xcb};

// {14782342-93E8-4565-872C-D9A2973D5CBF}
GUID const MFT_GRAYSCALE_SATURATION = {0x14782342, 0x93e8, 0x4565, 0x87, 0x2c, 0xd9, 0xa2, 0x97, 0x3d, 0x5c, 0xbf};

// {E0BADE5D-E4B9-4689-9DBA-E2F00D9CED0E}
GUID const MFT_GRAYSCALE_CHROMA_ROTATION = {0xe0bade5d, 0xe4b9, 0x4689, 0x9d, 0xba, 0xe2, 0xf0, 0xd, 0x9c, 0xed, 0xe};

template <class T> void SafeRelease(T **ppT)
{
    if (*ppT)
    {
        (*ppT)->Release();
        *ppT = nullptr;
    }
}

// Function pointer for the function that transforms the image.
typedef void (*IMAGE_TRANSFORM_FN)(
    const D2D1::Matrix3x2F& mat,             // Chroma transform matrix.
    const D2D_RECT_U&       rcDest,          // Destination rectangle for the transformation.
    BYTE*                   pDest,           // Destination buffer.
    LONG                    lDestStride,     // Destination stride.
    const BYTE*             pSrc,            // Source buffer.
    LONG                    lSrcStride,      // Source stride.
    DWORD                   dwWidthInPixels, // Image width in pixels.
    DWORD                   dwHeightInPixels // Image height in pixels.
    );

// Implements a grayscale video effect.
class CGrayscale
    : public RuntimeClass<
           RuntimeClassFlags<RuntimeClassType::WinRtClassicComMix>,
           ABI::Windows::Media::IMediaExtension,
           IMFTransform>
{
    InspectableClass(RuntimeClass_GrayscaleTransform_GrayscaleEffect, BaseTrust)

public:
    CGrayscale();

    STDMETHOD(RuntimeClassInitialize)();

    // IMediaExtension
    STDMETHODIMP SetProperties(ABI::Windows::Foundation::Collections::IPropertySet *pConfiguration);

    // IMFTransform
    STDMETHODIMP GetStreamLimits(
        DWORD   *pdwInputMinimum,
        DWORD   *pdwInputMaximum,
        DWORD   *pdwOutputMinimum,
        DWORD   *pdwOutputMaximum
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetStreamCount(
        DWORD   *pcInputStreams,
        DWORD   *pcOutputStreams
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetStreamIDs(
        DWORD   dwInputIDArraySize,
        DWORD   *pdwInputIDs,
        DWORD   dwOutputIDArraySize,
        DWORD   *pdwOutputIDs
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetInputStreamInfo(
        DWORD                     dwInputStreamID,
        MFT_INPUT_STREAM_INFO *   pStreamInfo
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetOutputStreamInfo(
        DWORD                     dwOutputStreamID,
        MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_INFO *  pStreamInfo
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetAttributes(IMFAttributes** pAttributes);

    STDMETHODIMP GetInputStreamAttributes(
        DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
        IMFAttributes   **ppAttributes
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetOutputStreamAttributes(
        DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
        IMFAttributes   **ppAttributes
    );

    STDMETHODIMP DeleteInputStream(DWORD dwStreamID);

    STDMETHODIMP AddInputStreams(
        DWORD   cStreams,
        DWORD   *adwStreamIDs
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetInputAvailableType(
        DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
        DWORD           dwTypeIndex, // 0-based
        IMFMediaType    **ppType
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetOutputAvailableType(
        DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
        DWORD           dwTypeIndex, // 0-based
        IMFMediaType    **ppType
    );

    STDMETHODIMP SetInputType(
        DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
        IMFMediaType    *pType,
        DWORD           dwFlags
    );

    STDMETHODIMP SetOutputType(
        DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
        IMFMediaType    *pType,
        DWORD           dwFlags
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetInputCurrentType(
        DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
        IMFMediaType    **ppType
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetOutputCurrentType(
        DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
        IMFMediaType    **ppType
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetInputStatus(
        DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
        DWORD           *pdwFlags
    );

    STDMETHODIMP GetOutputStatus(DWORD *pdwFlags);

    STDMETHODIMP SetOutputBounds(
        LONGLONG        hnsLowerBound,
        LONGLONG        hnsUpperBound
    );

    STDMETHODIMP ProcessEvent(
        DWORD              dwInputStreamID,
        IMFMediaEvent      *pEvent
    );

    STDMETHODIMP ProcessMessage(
        MFT_MESSAGE_TYPE    eMessage,
        ULONG_PTR           ulParam
    );

    STDMETHODIMP ProcessInput(
        DWORD               dwInputStreamID,
        IMFSample           *pSample,
        DWORD               dwFlags
    );

    STDMETHODIMP ProcessOutput(
        DWORD                   dwFlags,
        DWORD                   cOutputBufferCount,
        MFT_OUTPUT_DATA_BUFFER  *pOutputSamples, // one per stream
        DWORD                   *pdwStatus
    );

private:
    ~CGrayscale();

    // HasPendingOutput: Returns TRUE if the MFT is holding an input sample.
    BOOL HasPendingOutput() const { return m_pSample != nullptr; }

    // IsValidInputStream: Returns TRUE if dwInputStreamID is a valid input stream identifier.
    BOOL IsValidInputStream(DWORD dwInputStreamID) const
    {
        return dwInputStreamID == 0;
    }

    // IsValidOutputStream: Returns TRUE if dwOutputStreamID is a valid output stream identifier.
    BOOL IsValidOutputStream(DWORD dwOutputStreamID) const
    {
        return dwOutputStreamID == 0;
    }

    HRESULT OnGetPartialType(DWORD dwTypeIndex, IMFMediaType **ppmt);
    HRESULT OnCheckInputType(IMFMediaType *pmt);
    HRESULT OnCheckOutputType(IMFMediaType *pmt);
    HRESULT OnCheckMediaType(IMFMediaType *pmt);
    void    OnSetInputType(IMFMediaType *pmt);
    void    OnSetOutputType(IMFMediaType *pmt);
    HRESULT BeginStreaming();
    HRESULT EndStreaming();
    HRESULT OnProcessOutput(IMFMediaBuffer *pIn, IMFMediaBuffer *pOut);
    HRESULT OnFlush();
    HRESULT UpdateFormatInfo();

    CRITICAL_SECTION            m_critSec;

    // Transformation parameters
    D2D1::Matrix3x2F            m_transform;                // Chroma transform matrix.
    D2D_RECT_U                  m_rcDest;                   // Destination rectangle for the effect.

    // Streaming
    bool                        m_bStreamingInitialized;
    IMFSample                   *m_pSample;                 // Input sample.
    IMFMediaType                *m_pInputType;              // Input media type.
    IMFMediaType                *m_pOutputType;             // Output media type.

    // Fomat information
    UINT32                      m_imageWidthInPixels;
    UINT32                      m_imageHeightInPixels;
    DWORD                       m_cbImageSize;              // Image size, in bytes.

    IMFAttributes               *m_pAttributes;

    // Image transform function. (Changes based on the media type.)
    IMAGE_TRANSFORM_FN          m_pTransformFn;
};
ActivatableClass(CGrayscale);

#pragma comment(lib, "d2d1")

/*

This sample implements a video effect as a Media Foundation transform (MFT).

The video effect manipulates chroma values in a YUV image. In the default setting,
the entire image is converted to grayscale. Optionally, the application may set any
of the following attributes:

MFT_GRAYSCALE_DESTINATION_RECT (type = blob, UINT32[4] array)

    Sets the destination rectangle for the effect. Pixels outside the destination
    rectangle are not altered.

MFT_GRAYSCALE_SATURATION (type = double)

    Sets the saturation level. The nominal range is [0...1]. Values beyond 1.0f 
    result in supersaturated colors. Values below 0.0f create inverted colors.
 
MFT_GRAYSCALE_CHROMA_ROTATION (type = double)

    Rotates the chroma values of each pixel. The attribue value is the angle of
    rotation in degrees. The result is a shift in hue.

The effect is implemented by treating the chroma value of each pixel as a vector [u,v],
and applying a transformation matrix to the vector. The saturation parameter is applied
as a scaling transform.


NOTES ON THE MFT IMPLEMENTATION

1. The MFT has fixed streams: One input stream and one output stream. 

2. The MFT supports the following formats: UYVY, YUY2, NV12.

3. If the MFT is holding an input sample, SetInputType and SetOutputType both fail.

4. The input and output types must be identical.

5. If both types are set, no type can be set until the current type is cleared.

6. Preferred input types:
 
   (a) If the output type is set, that's the preferred type.
   (b) Otherwise, the preferred types are partial types, constructed from the 
         list of supported subtypes.
 
7. Preferred output types: As above.

8. Streaming: 
 
    The private BeingStreaming() method is called in response to the 
    MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_BEGIN_STREAMING message. 

    If the client does not send MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_BEGIN_STREAMING, the MFT calls
    BeginStreaming inside the first call to ProcessInput or ProcessOutput. 

    This is a good approach for allocating resources that your MFT requires for
    streaming. 
 
9. The configuration attributes are applied in the BeginStreaming method. If the 
   client changes the attributes during streaming, the change is ignored until 
   streaming is stopped (either by changing the media types or by sending the 
   MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_STREAMING message) and then restarted.
 
*/


// Video FOURCC codes.
const DWORD FOURCC_YUY2 = '2YUY'; 
const DWORD FOURCC_UYVY = 'YVYU'; 
const DWORD FOURCC_NV12 = '21VN'; 

// Static array of media types (preferred and accepted).
const GUID g_MediaSubtypes[] =
{
    MFVideoFormat_NV12,
    MFVideoFormat_YUY2,
    MFVideoFormat_UYVY
};

HRESULT GetImageSize(DWORD fcc, UINT32 width, UINT32 height, DWORD* pcbImage);
HRESULT GetDefaultStride(IMFMediaType *pType, LONG *plStride);
bool ValidateRect(const RECT& rc);

template <typename T>
inline T clamp(const T& val, const T& minVal, const T& maxVal)
{
    return (val < minVal ? minVal : (val > maxVal ? maxVal : val));
}


// TransformChroma:
// Apply the transforms to calculate the output chroma values.

void TransformChroma(const D2D1::Matrix3x2F& mat, BYTE *pu, BYTE *pv)
{
    // Normalize the chroma values to [-112, 112] range

    D2D1_POINT_2F pt = { static_cast<float>(*pu) - 128, static_cast<float>(*pv) - 128 };

    pt = mat.TransformPoint(pt);

    // Clamp to valid range.
    clamp(pt.x, -112.0f, 112.0f);
    clamp(pt.y, -112.0f, 112.0f);

    // Map back to [16...240] range.
    *pu = static_cast<BYTE>(pt.x + 128.0f);
    *pv = static_cast<BYTE>(pt.y + 128.0f);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Functions to convert a YUV images to grayscale.
//
// In all cases, the same transformation is applied to the 8-bit
// chroma values, but the pixel layout in memory differs.
//
// The image conversion functions take the following parameters:
//
// mat               Transfomation matrix for chroma values.
// rcDest            Destination rectangle.
// pDest             Pointer to the destination buffer.
// lDestStride       Stride of the destination buffer, in bytes.
// pSrc              Pointer to the source buffer.
// lSrcStride        Stride of the source buffer, in bytes.
// dwWidthInPixels   Frame width in pixels.
// dwHeightInPixels  Frame height, in pixels.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

// Convert UYVY image.

void TransformImage_UYVY(
    const D2D1::Matrix3x2F& mat,
    const D2D_RECT_U& rcDest,
    _Inout_updates_(_Inexpressible_(lDestStride * dwHeightInPixels)) BYTE *pDest, 
    _In_ LONG lDestStride, 
    _In_reads_(_Inexpressible_(lSrcStride * dwHeightInPixels)) const BYTE* pSrc,
    _In_ LONG lSrcStride, 
    _In_ DWORD dwWidthInPixels, 
    _In_ DWORD dwHeightInPixels)
{
    DWORD y = 0;
    const DWORD y0 = min(rcDest.bottom, dwHeightInPixels);

    // Lines above the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < rcDest.top; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels * 2);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }

    // Lines within the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < y0; y++)
    {
        WORD *pSrc_Pixel = (WORD*)pSrc;
        WORD *pDest_Pixel = (WORD*)pDest;

        for (DWORD x = 0; (x + 1) < dwWidthInPixels; x += 2)
        {
            // Byte order is U0 Y0 V0 Y1
            // Each WORD is a byte pair (U/V, Y)
            // Windows is little-endian so the order appears reversed.

            if (x >= rcDest.left && x < rcDest.right)
            {
                BYTE u = pSrc_Pixel[x] & 0x00FF;
                BYTE v = pSrc_Pixel[x+1] & 0x00FF;

                TransformChroma(mat, &u, &v);

                pDest_Pixel[x] = (pSrc_Pixel[x] & 0xFF00) | u;
                pDest_Pixel[x+1] = (pSrc_Pixel[x+1] & 0xFF00) | v;
            }
            else
            {
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 6385) 
#pragma warning(disable: 6386) 
                pDest_Pixel[x] = pSrc_Pixel[x];
                pDest_Pixel[x+1] = pSrc_Pixel[x+1];
#pragma warning(pop)
            }
        }

        pDest += lDestStride;
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
    }

    // Lines below the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < dwHeightInPixels; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels * 2);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }
}


// Convert YUY2 image.

void TransformImage_YUY2(
    const D2D1::Matrix3x2F& mat,
    const D2D_RECT_U& rcDest,
    _Inout_updates_(_Inexpressible_(lDestStride * dwHeightInPixels)) BYTE *pDest, 
    _In_ LONG lDestStride, 
    _In_reads_(_Inexpressible_(lSrcStride * dwHeightInPixels)) const BYTE* pSrc,
    _In_ LONG lSrcStride, 
    _In_ DWORD dwWidthInPixels, 
    _In_ DWORD dwHeightInPixels)
{
    DWORD y = 0;
    const DWORD y0 = min(rcDest.bottom, dwHeightInPixels);

    // Lines above the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < rcDest.top; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels * 2);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }

    // Lines within the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < y0; y++)
    {
        WORD *pSrc_Pixel = (WORD*)pSrc;
        WORD *pDest_Pixel = (WORD*)pDest;

        for (DWORD x = 0; (x + 1) < dwWidthInPixels; x += 2)
        {
            // Byte order is Y0 U0 Y1 V0
            // Each WORD is a byte pair (Y, U/V)
            // Windows is little-endian so the order appears reversed.

            if (x >= rcDest.left && x < rcDest.right)
            {
                BYTE u = pSrc_Pixel[x] >> 8;
                BYTE v = pSrc_Pixel[x+1] >> 8;

                TransformChroma(mat, &u, &v);

                pDest_Pixel[x] = (pSrc_Pixel[x] & 0x00FF) | (u<<8);
                pDest_Pixel[x+1] = (pSrc_Pixel[x+1] & 0x00FF) | (v<<8);
            }
            else
            {
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 6385) 
#pragma warning(disable: 6386) 
                pDest_Pixel[x] = pSrc_Pixel[x];
                pDest_Pixel[x+1] = pSrc_Pixel[x+1];
#pragma warning(pop)
            }
        }
        pDest += lDestStride;
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
    }

    // Lines below the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < dwHeightInPixels; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels * 2);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }
}

// Convert NV12 image

void TransformImage_NV12(
    const D2D1::Matrix3x2F& mat,
    const D2D_RECT_U& rcDest,
    _Inout_updates_(_Inexpressible_(2 * lDestStride * dwHeightInPixels)) BYTE *pDest, 
    _In_ LONG lDestStride, 
    _In_reads_(_Inexpressible_(2 * lSrcStride * dwHeightInPixels)) const BYTE* pSrc,
    _In_ LONG lSrcStride, 
    _In_ DWORD dwWidthInPixels, 
    _In_ DWORD dwHeightInPixels)
{
    // NV12 is planar: Y plane, followed by packed U-V plane.

    // Y plane
    for (DWORD y = 0; y < dwHeightInPixels; y++)
    {
        CopyMemory(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels);
        pDest += lDestStride;
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
    }

    // U-V plane

    // NOTE: The U-V plane has 1/2 the number of lines as the Y plane.

    // Lines above the destination rectangle.
    DWORD y = 0;
    const DWORD y0 = min(rcDest.bottom, dwHeightInPixels);

    for ( ; y < rcDest.top/2; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }

    // Lines within the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < y0/2; y++)
    {
        for (DWORD x = 0; (x + 1) < dwWidthInPixels; x += 2)
        {
            if (x >= rcDest.left && x < rcDest.right)
            {
                BYTE u = pSrc[x];
                BYTE v = pSrc[x+1];

                TransformChroma(mat, &u, &v);

                pDest[x] = u;
                pDest[x+1] = v;
            }
            else
            {
                pDest[x] = pSrc[x];
                pDest[x+1] = pSrc[x+1];
            }
        }
        pDest += lDestStride;
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
    }

    // Lines below the destination rectangle.
    for ( ; y < dwHeightInPixels/2; y++)
    {
        memcpy(pDest, pSrc, dwWidthInPixels);
        pSrc += lSrcStride;
        pDest += lDestStride;
    }
}

CGrayscale::CGrayscale() :
    m_pSample(nullptr), m_pInputType(nullptr), m_pOutputType(nullptr), m_pTransformFn(nullptr),
    m_imageWidthInPixels(0), m_imageHeightInPixels(0), m_cbImageSize(0),
    m_transform(D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity()), m_rcDest(D2D1::RectU()), m_bStreamingInitialized(false),
    m_pAttributes(nullptr)
{
    InitializeCriticalSectionEx(&m_critSec, 3000, 0);
}

CGrayscale::~CGrayscale()
{
    SafeRelease(&m_pInputType);
    SafeRelease(&m_pOutputType);
    SafeRelease(&m_pSample);
    SafeRelease(&m_pAttributes);
    DeleteCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
}

// Initialize the instance.
STDMETHODIMP CGrayscale::RuntimeClassInitialize()
{
    // Create the attribute store.
    return MFCreateAttributes(&m_pAttributes, 3);
}

// IMediaExtension methods

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// SetProperties
// Sets the configuration of the effect
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CGrayscale::SetProperties(ABI::Windows::Foundation::Collections::IPropertySet *pConfiguration)
{
    return S_OK;
}

// IMFTransform methods. Refer to the Media Foundation SDK documentation for details.

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetStreamLimits
// Returns the minimum and maximum number of streams.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetStreamLimits(
    DWORD   *pdwInputMinimum,
    DWORD   *pdwInputMaximum,
    DWORD   *pdwOutputMinimum,
    DWORD   *pdwOutputMaximum
)
{
    // This MFT has a fixed number of streams.
    *pdwInputMinimum = 1;
    *pdwInputMaximum = 1;
    *pdwOutputMinimum = 1;
    *pdwOutputMaximum = 1;
    return S_OK;
}

// Returns the actual number of streams.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetStreamCount(
    DWORD   *pcInputStreams,
    DWORD   *pcOutputStreams
)
{
    // This MFT has a fixed number of streams.
    *pcInputStreams = 1;
    *pcOutputStreams = 1;
    return S_OK;
}



//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetStreamIDs
// Returns stream IDs for the input and output streams.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetStreamIDs(
    DWORD   dwInputIDArraySize,
    DWORD   *pdwInputIDs,
    DWORD   dwOutputIDArraySize,
    DWORD   *pdwOutputIDs
)
{
    // It is not required to implement this method if the MFT has a fixed number of
    // streams AND the stream IDs are numbered sequentially from zero (that is, the
    // stream IDs match the stream indexes).

    // In that case, it is OK to return E_NOTIMPL.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetInputStreamInfo
// Returns information about an input stream.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetInputStreamInfo(
    DWORD                     dwInputStreamID,
    MFT_INPUT_STREAM_INFO *   pStreamInfo
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    // NOTE: This method should succeed even when there is no media type on the
    //       stream. If there is no media type, we only need to fill in the dwFlags
    //       member of MFT_INPUT_STREAM_INFO. The other members depend on having a
    //       a valid media type.

    pStreamInfo->hnsMaxLatency = 0;
    pStreamInfo->dwFlags = MFT_INPUT_STREAM_WHOLE_SAMPLES | MFT_INPUT_STREAM_SINGLE_SAMPLE_PER_BUFFER;

    if (m_pInputType == nullptr)
    {
        pStreamInfo->cbSize = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        pStreamInfo->cbSize = m_cbImageSize;
    }

    pStreamInfo->cbMaxLookahead = 0;
    pStreamInfo->cbAlignment = 0;

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return S_OK;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetOutputStreamInfo
// Returns information about an output stream.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetOutputStreamInfo(
    DWORD                     dwOutputStreamID,
    MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_INFO *  pStreamInfo
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidOutputStream(dwOutputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    // NOTE: This method should succeed even when there is no media type on the
    //       stream. If there is no media type, we only need to fill in the dwFlags
    //       member of MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_INFO. The other members depend on having a
    //       a valid media type.

    pStreamInfo->dwFlags =
        MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_WHOLE_SAMPLES |
        MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_SINGLE_SAMPLE_PER_BUFFER |
        MFT_OUTPUT_STREAM_FIXED_SAMPLE_SIZE ;

    if (m_pOutputType == nullptr)
    {
        pStreamInfo->cbSize = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        pStreamInfo->cbSize = m_cbImageSize;
    }

    pStreamInfo->cbAlignment = 0;

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return S_OK;
}

// Returns the attributes for the MFT.
HRESULT CGrayscale::GetAttributes(IMFAttributes** ppAttributes)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    *ppAttributes = m_pAttributes;
    (*ppAttributes)->AddRef();

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return S_OK;
}

// Returns stream-level attributes for an input stream.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetInputStreamAttributes(
    DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
    IMFAttributes   **ppAttributes
)
{
    // This MFT does not support any stream-level attributes, so the method is not implemented.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetOutputStreamAttributes
// Returns stream-level attributes for an output stream.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetOutputStreamAttributes(
    DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
    IMFAttributes   **ppAttributes
)
{
    // This MFT does not support any stream-level attributes, so the method is not implemented.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// DeleteInputStream
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::DeleteInputStream(DWORD dwStreamID)
{
    // This MFT has a fixed number of input streams, so the method is not supported.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// AddInputStreams
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::AddInputStreams(
    DWORD   cStreams,
    DWORD   *adwStreamIDs
)
{
    // This MFT has a fixed number of output streams, so the method is not supported.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetInputAvailableType
// Returns a preferred input type.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetInputAvailableType(
    DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
    DWORD           dwTypeIndex, // 0-based
    IMFMediaType    **ppType
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    // If the output type is set, return that type as our preferred input type.
    if (m_pOutputType == nullptr)
    {
        // The output type is not set. Create a partial media type.
        hr = OnGetPartialType(dwTypeIndex, ppType);
    }
    else if (dwTypeIndex > 0)
    {
        hr = MF_E_NO_MORE_TYPES;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppType = m_pOutputType;
        (*ppType)->AddRef();
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// Returns a preferred output type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetOutputAvailableType(
    DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
    DWORD           dwTypeIndex, // 0-based
    IMFMediaType    **ppType
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidOutputStream(dwOutputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    if (m_pInputType == nullptr)
    {
        // The input type is not set. Create a partial media type.
        hr = OnGetPartialType(dwTypeIndex, ppType);
    }
    else if (dwTypeIndex > 0)
    {
        hr = MF_E_NO_MORE_TYPES;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppType = m_pInputType;
        (*ppType)->AddRef();
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

HRESULT CGrayscale::SetInputType(
    DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
    IMFMediaType    *pType, // Can be nullptr to clear the input type.
    DWORD           dwFlags
)
{
    // Validate flags.
    if (dwFlags & ~MFT_SET_TYPE_TEST_ONLY)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    // Does the caller want us to set the type, or just test it?
    BOOL bReallySet = ((dwFlags & MFT_SET_TYPE_TEST_ONLY) == 0);

    // If we have an input sample, the client cannot change the type now.
    if (HasPendingOutput())
    {
        hr = MF_E_TRANSFORM_CANNOT_CHANGE_MEDIATYPE_WHILE_PROCESSING;
        goto done;
    }

    // Validate the type, if non-nullptr.
    if (pType)
    {
        hr = OnCheckInputType(pType);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }
    }

    // The type is OK. Set the type, unless the caller was just testing.
    if (bReallySet)
    {
        OnSetInputType(pType);

        // When the type changes, end streaming.
        hr = EndStreaming();
    }

done:
    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

HRESULT CGrayscale::SetOutputType(
    DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
    IMFMediaType    *pType, // Can be nullptr to clear the output type.
    DWORD           dwFlags
)
{
    // Validate flags.
    if (dwFlags & ~MFT_SET_TYPE_TEST_ONLY)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidOutputStream(dwOutputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    // Does the caller want us to set the type, or just test it?
    BOOL bReallySet = ((dwFlags & MFT_SET_TYPE_TEST_ONLY) == 0);

    // If we have an input sample, the client cannot change the type now.
    if (HasPendingOutput())
    {
        hr = MF_E_TRANSFORM_CANNOT_CHANGE_MEDIATYPE_WHILE_PROCESSING;
        goto done;
    }

    // Validate the type, if non-nullptr.
    if (pType)
    {
        hr = OnCheckOutputType(pType);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }
    }

    // The type is OK. Set the type, unless the caller was just testing.
    if (bReallySet)
    {
        OnSetOutputType(pType);

        // When the type changes, end streaming.
        hr = EndStreaming();
    }

done:
    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// Returns the current input type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetInputCurrentType(
    DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
    IMFMediaType    **ppType
)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }
    else if (!m_pInputType)
    {
        hr = MF_E_TRANSFORM_TYPE_NOT_SET;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppType = m_pInputType;
        (*ppType)->AddRef();
    }
    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// Returns the current output type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetOutputCurrentType(
    DWORD           dwOutputStreamID,
    IMFMediaType    **ppType
)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidOutputStream(dwOutputStreamID))
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }
    else if (!m_pOutputType)
    {
        hr = MF_E_TRANSFORM_TYPE_NOT_SET;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppType = m_pOutputType;
        (*ppType)->AddRef();
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// Query if the MFT is accepting more input.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetInputStatus(
    DWORD           dwInputStreamID,
    DWORD           *pdwFlags
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
        return MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
    }

    // If an input sample is already queued, do not accept another sample until the 
    // client calls ProcessOutput or Flush.

    // NOTE: It is possible for an MFT to accept more than one input sample. For 
    // example, this might be required in a video decoder if the frames do not 
    // arrive in temporal order. In the case, the decoder must hold a queue of 
    // samples. For the video effect, each sample is transformed independently, so
    // there is no reason to queue multiple input samples.

    if (m_pSample == nullptr)
    {
        *pdwFlags = MFT_INPUT_STATUS_ACCEPT_DATA;
    }
    else
    {
        *pdwFlags = 0;
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return S_OK;
}

// Query if the MFT can produce output.

HRESULT CGrayscale::GetOutputStatus(DWORD *pdwFlags)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    // The MFT can produce an output sample if (and only if) there an input sample.
    if (m_pSample != nullptr)
    {
        *pdwFlags = MFT_OUTPUT_STATUS_SAMPLE_READY;
    }
    else
    {
        *pdwFlags = 0;
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// SetOutputBounds
// Sets the range of time stamps that the MFT will output.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::SetOutputBounds(
    LONGLONG        hnsLowerBound,
    LONGLONG        hnsUpperBound
)
{
    // Implementation of this method is optional.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// ProcessEvent
// Sends an event to an input stream.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::ProcessEvent(
    DWORD              dwInputStreamID,
    IMFMediaEvent      *pEvent
)
{
    // This MFT does not handle any stream events, so the method can
    // return E_NOTIMPL. This tells the pipeline that it can stop
    // sending any more events to this MFT.
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// ProcessMessage
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::ProcessMessage(
    MFT_MESSAGE_TYPE    eMessage,
    ULONG_PTR           ulParam
)
{
    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    switch (eMessage)
    {
    case MFT_MESSAGE_COMMAND_FLUSH:
        // Flush the MFT.
        hr = OnFlush();
        break;

    case MFT_MESSAGE_COMMAND_DRAIN:
        // Drain: Tells the MFT to reject further input until all pending samples are
        // processed. That is our default behavior already, so there is nothing to do.
        //
        // For a decoder that accepts a queue of samples, the MFT might need to drain
        // the queue in response to this command.
    break;

    case MFT_MESSAGE_SET_D3D_MANAGER:
        // Sets a pointer to the IDirect3DDeviceManager9 interface.

        // The pipeline should never send this message unless the MFT sets the MF_SA_D3D_AWARE 
        // attribute set to TRUE. Because this MFT does not set MF_SA_D3D_AWARE, it is an error
        // to send the MFT_MESSAGE_SET_D3D_MANAGER message to the MFT. Return an error code in
        // this case.

        // NOTE: If this MFT were D3D-enabled, it would cache the IDirect3DDeviceManager9 
        // pointer for use during streaming.

        hr = E_NOTIMPL;
        break;

    case MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_BEGIN_STREAMING:
        hr = BeginStreaming();
        break;

    case MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_STREAMING:
        hr = EndStreaming();
        break;

    // The next two messages do not require any action from this MFT.

    case MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_OF_STREAM:
        break;

    case MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_START_OF_STREAM:
        break;
    }

    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// Process an input sample.

HRESULT CGrayscale::ProcessInput(
    DWORD               dwInputStreamID,
    IMFSample           *pSample,
    DWORD               dwFlags
)
{
    if (dwFlags != 0)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG; // dwFlags is reserved and must be zero.
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    // Validate the input stream number.
    if (!IsValidInputStream(dwInputStreamID))
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDSTREAMNUMBER;
        goto done;
    }

    // Check for valid media types.
    // The client must set input and output types before calling ProcessInput.
    if (!m_pInputType || !m_pOutputType)
    {
        hr = MF_E_NOTACCEPTING;
        goto done;
    }

    // Check if an input sample is already queued.
    if (m_pSample != nullptr)
    {
        hr = MF_E_NOTACCEPTING;   // We already have an input sample.
        goto done;
    }

    // Initialize streaming.
    hr = BeginStreaming();
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Cache the sample. We do the actual work in ProcessOutput.
    m_pSample = pSample;
    pSample->AddRef();  // Hold a reference count on the sample.

done:
    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// ProcessOutput
// Process an output sample.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT CGrayscale::ProcessOutput(
    DWORD                   dwFlags,
    DWORD                   cOutputBufferCount,
    MFT_OUTPUT_DATA_BUFFER  *pOutputSamples, // one per stream
    DWORD                   *pdwStatus
)
{
    // Check input parameters...

    // This MFT does not accept any flags for the dwFlags parameter.

    // The only defined flag is MFT_PROCESS_OUTPUT_DISCARD_WHEN_NO_BUFFER. This flag 
    // applies only when the MFT marks an output stream as lazy or optional. But this
    // MFT has no lazy or optional streams, so the flag is not valid.

    if (dwFlags != 0)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    // There must be exactly one output buffer.
    if (cOutputBufferCount != 1)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    // It must contain a sample.
    if (pOutputSamples[0].pSample == nullptr)
    {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    IMFMediaBuffer *pInput = nullptr;
    IMFMediaBuffer *pOutput = nullptr;

    EnterCriticalSection(&m_critSec);

    // There must be an input sample available for processing.
    if (m_pSample == nullptr)
    {
        hr = MF_E_TRANSFORM_NEED_MORE_INPUT;
        goto done;
    }

    // Initialize streaming.

    hr = BeginStreaming();
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Get the input buffer.
    hr = m_pSample->ConvertToContiguousBuffer(&pInput);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Get the output buffer.
    hr = pOutputSamples[0].pSample->ConvertToContiguousBuffer(&pOutput);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    hr = OnProcessOutput(pInput, pOutput);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Set status flags.
    pOutputSamples[0].dwStatus = 0;
    *pdwStatus = 0;


    // Copy the duration and time stamp from the input sample, if present.

    LONGLONG hnsDuration = 0;
    LONGLONG hnsTime = 0;

    if (SUCCEEDED(m_pSample->GetSampleDuration(&hnsDuration)))
    {
        hr = pOutputSamples[0].pSample->SetSampleDuration(hnsDuration);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }
    }

    if (SUCCEEDED(m_pSample->GetSampleTime(&hnsTime)))
    {
        hr = pOutputSamples[0].pSample->SetSampleTime(hnsTime);
    }

done:
    SafeRelease(&m_pSample);   // Release our input sample.
    SafeRelease(&pInput);
    SafeRelease(&pOutput);
    LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critSec);
    return hr;
}

// PRIVATE METHODS

// All methods that follow are private to this MFT and are not part of the IMFTransform interface.

// Create a partial media type from our list.
//
// dwTypeIndex: Index into the list of peferred media types.
// ppmt:        Receives a pointer to the media type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnGetPartialType(DWORD dwTypeIndex, IMFMediaType **ppmt)
{
    if (dwTypeIndex >= ARRAYSIZE(g_MediaSubtypes))
    {
        return MF_E_NO_MORE_TYPES;
    }

    IMFMediaType *pmt = nullptr;

    HRESULT hr = MFCreateMediaType(&pmt);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    hr = pmt->SetGUID(MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, MFMediaType_Video);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    hr = pmt->SetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, g_MediaSubtypes[dwTypeIndex]);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    *ppmt = pmt;
    (*ppmt)->AddRef();

done:
    SafeRelease(&pmt);
    return hr;
}

// Validate an input media type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnCheckInputType(IMFMediaType *pmt)
{
    assert(pmt != nullptr);

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    // If the output type is set, see if they match.
    if (m_pOutputType != nullptr)
    {
        DWORD flags = 0;
        hr = pmt->IsEqual(m_pOutputType, &flags);

        // IsEqual can return S_FALSE. Treat this as failure.
        if (hr != S_OK)
        {
            hr = MF_E_INVALIDMEDIATYPE;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Output type is not set. Just check this type.
        hr = OnCheckMediaType(pmt);
    }
    return hr;
}

// Validate an output media type.

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnCheckOutputType(IMFMediaType *pmt)
{
    assert(pmt != nullptr);

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    // If the input type is set, see if they match.
    if (m_pInputType != nullptr)
    {
        DWORD flags = 0;
        hr = pmt->IsEqual(m_pInputType, &flags);

        // IsEqual can return S_FALSE. Treat this as failure.
        if (hr != S_OK)
        {
            hr = MF_E_INVALIDMEDIATYPE;
        }

    }
    else
    {
        // Input type is not set. Just check this type.
        hr = OnCheckMediaType(pmt);
    }
    return hr;
}


// Validate a media type (input or output)

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnCheckMediaType(IMFMediaType *pmt)
{
    BOOL bFoundMatchingSubtype = FALSE;

    // Major type must be video.
    GUID major_type;
    HRESULT hr = pmt->GetGUID(MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, &major_type);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    if (major_type != MFMediaType_Video)
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDMEDIATYPE;
        goto done;
    }

    // Subtype must be one of the subtypes in our global list.

    // Get the subtype GUID.
    GUID subtype;
    hr = pmt->GetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, &subtype);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Look for the subtype in our list of accepted types.
    for (DWORD i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(g_MediaSubtypes); i++)
    {
        if (subtype == g_MediaSubtypes[i])
        {
            bFoundMatchingSubtype = TRUE;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!bFoundMatchingSubtype)
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDMEDIATYPE; // The MFT does not support this subtype.
        goto done;
    }

    // Reject single-field media types. 
    UINT32 interlace = MFGetAttributeUINT32(pmt, MF_MT_INTERLACE_MODE, MFVideoInterlace_Progressive);
    if (interlace == MFVideoInterlace_FieldSingleUpper  || interlace == MFVideoInterlace_FieldSingleLower)
    {
        hr = MF_E_INVALIDMEDIATYPE;
    }

done:
    return hr;
}


// Set or clear the input media type.
//
// Prerequisite: The input type was already validated.

void CGrayscale::OnSetInputType(IMFMediaType *pmt)
{
    // if pmt is nullptr, clear the type.
    // if pmt is non-nullptr, set the type.

    SafeRelease(&m_pInputType);
    m_pInputType = pmt;
    if (m_pInputType)
    {
        m_pInputType->AddRef();
    }

    // Update the format information.
    UpdateFormatInfo();
}


// Set or clears the output media type.
//
// Prerequisite: The output type was already validated.

void CGrayscale::OnSetOutputType(IMFMediaType *pmt)
{
    // If pmt is nullptr, clear the type. Otherwise, set the type.

    SafeRelease(&m_pOutputType);
    m_pOutputType = pmt;
    if (m_pOutputType)
    {
        m_pOutputType->AddRef();
    }
}


// Initialize streaming parameters.
//
// This method is called if the client sends the MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_BEGIN_STREAMING
// message, or when the client processes a sample, whichever happens first.

HRESULT CGrayscale::BeginStreaming()
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    if (!m_bStreamingInitialized)
    {
        // Get the configuration attributes.

        // Get the destination rectangle.

        RECT rcDest;
        hr = m_pAttributes->GetBlob(MFT_GRAYSCALE_DESTINATION_RECT, (UINT8*)&rcDest, sizeof(rcDest), nullptr);
        if (hr == MF_E_ATTRIBUTENOTFOUND || !ValidateRect(rcDest))
        {
            // The client did not set this attribute, or the client provided an invalid rectangle.
            // Default to the entire image.

            m_rcDest = D2D1::RectU(0, 0, m_imageWidthInPixels, m_imageHeightInPixels);
            hr = S_OK;
        }
        else if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            m_rcDest = D2D1::RectU(rcDest.left, rcDest.top, rcDest.right, rcDest.bottom);
        }
        else
        {
            goto done;
        }

        // Get the chroma transformations.

        float scale = (float)MFGetAttributeDouble(m_pAttributes, MFT_GRAYSCALE_SATURATION, 0.0f);
        float angle = (float)MFGetAttributeDouble(m_pAttributes, MFT_GRAYSCALE_CHROMA_ROTATION, 0.0f);

        m_transform = D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Scale(scale, scale) * D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Rotation(angle);

        m_bStreamingInitialized = true;
    }

done:
    return hr;
}


// End streaming. 

// This method is called if the client sends an MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_STREAMING
// message, or when the media type changes. In general, it should be called whenever
// the streaming parameters need to be reset.

HRESULT CGrayscale::EndStreaming()
{
    m_bStreamingInitialized = false;
    return S_OK;
}



// Generate output data.

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnProcessOutput(IMFMediaBuffer *pIn, IMFMediaBuffer *pOut)
{
    BYTE *pDest = nullptr;         // Destination buffer.
    LONG lDestStride = 0;       // Destination stride.

    BYTE *pSrc = nullptr;          // Source buffer.
    LONG lSrcStride = 0;        // Source stride.

    // Helper objects to lock the buffers.
    VideoBufferLock inputLock(pIn);
    VideoBufferLock outputLock(pOut);

    // Stride if the buffer does not support IMF2DBuffer
    LONG lDefaultStride = 0;

    HRESULT hr = GetDefaultStride(m_pInputType, &lDefaultStride);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Lock the input buffer.
    hr = inputLock.LockBuffer(lDefaultStride, m_imageHeightInPixels, &pSrc, &lSrcStride);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Lock the output buffer.
    hr = outputLock.LockBuffer(lDefaultStride, m_imageHeightInPixels, &pDest, &lDestStride);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Invoke the image transform function.
    assert (m_pTransformFn != nullptr);
    if (m_pTransformFn)
    {
        (*m_pTransformFn)(m_transform, m_rcDest, pDest, lDestStride, pSrc, lSrcStride,
            m_imageWidthInPixels, m_imageHeightInPixels);
    }
    else
    {
        hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
        goto done;
    }


    // Set the data size on the output buffer.
    hr = pOut->SetCurrentLength(m_cbImageSize);

    // The VideoBufferLock class automatically unlocks the buffers.
done:
    return hr;
}


// Flush the MFT.

HRESULT CGrayscale::OnFlush()
{
    // For this MFT, flushing just means releasing the input sample.
    SafeRelease(&m_pSample);
    return S_OK;
}

// Update the format information. This method is called whenever the
// input type is set.

HRESULT CGrayscale::UpdateFormatInfo()
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    GUID subtype = GUID_NULL;

    m_imageWidthInPixels = 0;
    m_imageHeightInPixels = 0;
    m_cbImageSize = 0;

    m_pTransformFn = nullptr;

    if (m_pInputType != nullptr)
    {
        hr = m_pInputType->GetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, &subtype);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }
        if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_YUY2)
        {
            m_pTransformFn = TransformImage_YUY2;
        }
        else if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_UYVY)
        {
            m_pTransformFn = TransformImage_UYVY;
        }
        else if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_NV12)
        {
            m_pTransformFn = TransformImage_NV12;
        }
        else
        {
            hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
            goto done;
        }

        hr = MFGetAttributeSize(m_pInputType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, &m_imageWidthInPixels, &m_imageHeightInPixels);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            goto done;
        }

        // Calculate the image size (not including padding)
        hr = GetImageSize(subtype.Data1, m_imageWidthInPixels, m_imageHeightInPixels, &m_cbImageSize);
    }

done:
    return hr;
}


// Calculate the size of the buffer needed to store the image.

// fcc: The FOURCC code of the video format.

HRESULT GetImageSize(DWORD fcc, UINT32 width, UINT32 height, DWORD* pcbImage)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    switch (fcc)
    {
    case FOURCC_YUY2:
    case FOURCC_UYVY:
        // check overflow
        if ((width > MAXDWORD / 2) || (width * 2 > MAXDWORD / height))
        {
            hr = E_INVALIDARG;
        }
        else
        {
            // 16 bpp
            *pcbImage = width * height * 2;
        }
        break;

    case FOURCC_NV12:
        // check overflow
        if ((height/2 > MAXDWORD - height) || ((height + height/2) > MAXDWORD / width))
        {
            hr = E_INVALIDARG;
        }
        else
        {
            // 12 bpp
            *pcbImage = width * (height + (height/2));
        }
        break;

    default:
        hr = E_FAIL;    // Unsupported type.
    }
    return hr;
}

// Get the default stride for a video format. 
HRESULT GetDefaultStride(IMFMediaType *pType, LONG *plStride)
{
    LONG lStride = 0;

    // Try to get the default stride from the media type.
    HRESULT hr = pType->GetUINT32(MF_MT_DEFAULT_STRIDE, (UINT32*)&lStride);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        // Attribute not set. Try to calculate the default stride.
        GUID subtype = GUID_NULL;

        UINT32 width = 0;
        UINT32 height = 0;

        // Get the subtype and the image size.
        hr = pType->GetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, &subtype);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = MFGetAttributeSize(pType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, &width, &height);
        }
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_NV12)
            {
                lStride = width;
            }
            else if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_YUY2 || subtype == MFVideoFormat_UYVY)
            {
                lStride = ((width * 2) + 3) & ~3;
            }
            else
            {
                hr = E_INVALIDARG;
            }
        }

        // Set the attribute for later reference.
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            (void)pType->SetUINT32(MF_MT_DEFAULT_STRIDE, UINT32(lStride));
        }
    }
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        *plStride = lStride;
    }
    return hr;
}


// Validate that a rectangle meets the following criteria:
//
//  - All coordinates are non-negative.
//  - The rectangle is not flipped (top > bottom, left > right)
//
// These are the requirements for the destination rectangle.

bool ValidateRect(const RECT& rc)
{
    if (rc.left < 0 || rc.top < 0)
    {
        return false;
    }
    if (rc.left > rc.right || rc.top > rc.bottom)
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

  9. 向项目添加新的模块定义文件，将其命名为 GrayscaleTransform.def，然后添加以下代码：

    EXPORTS
    DllCanUnloadNow                     PRIVATE
    DllGetActivationFactory             PRIVATE
    DllGetClassObject                   PRIVATE

  10. 用下面的代码替换 dllmain.cpp 的内容：

    #include "pch.h"
#include <initguid.h>
#include <wrl\module.h>

using namespace Microsoft::WRL;

STDAPI_(BOOL) DllMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance, _In_ DWORD reason, _In_opt_ void *reserved)
{
    if (DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH == reason)
    {
        DisableThreadLibraryCalls(hInstance);
    }
    return TRUE;
}

STDAPI DllGetActivationFactory(_In_ HSTRING activatibleClassId, _COM_Outptr_ IActivationFactory **factory)
{
    return Module<InProc>::GetModule().GetActivationFactory(activatibleClassId, factory);
}

STDAPI DllCanUnloadNow()
{
    return Module<InProc>::GetModule().Terminate() ? S_OK : S_FALSE;
}

STDAPI DllGetClassObject(_In_ REFCLSID rclsid, _In_ REFIID riid, _COM_Outptr_ void **ppv)
{
    return Module<InProc>::GetModule().GetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv);
}

  11. 在项目的“属性页”对话框中，设置以下“链接器”属性。

    1. 在“输入”下，为“模块定义文件”指定 GrayScaleTransform.def。

    2. 另请在“输入”下将 runtimeobject.lib、mfuuid.lib 和 mfplat.lib 添加到“附加依赖项”属性。

    3. 在“Windows 元数据”下，将“生成 Windows 元数据”设置为“是(/WINMD)”。

使用 WRL 从 C# 应用创建自定义媒体基础组件的步骤

  1. 向 MediaCapture 解决方案中添加一个新的“C# 空白应用(通用 Windows)”项目。 为该项目命名，例如“MediaCapture”。

  2. 在“MediaCapture”项目中，添加对 GrayscaleTransform 项目的引用。 若要了解如何操作，请参阅如何：使用引用管理器添加或移除引用。

  3. 在 Package.appxmanifest 中的“功能”选项卡上，选择“麦克风”和“网络摄像头”。 从网络摄像头中捕捉照片时需要这两项功能。

  4. 在 MainPage.xaml 中，将以下代码添加到根 Grid 元素：

    <StackPanel>
    <TextBlock x:Name="StatusBlock" Margin="10,10,0,0"/>
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="1" Margin="0,10,0,0">
        <Button x:Name="StartDevice" Click="StartDevice_Click" IsEnabled="true" Margin="10,0,10,0">StartDevice</Button>
        <Button x:Name="TakePhoto" Click="TakePhoto_Click" IsEnabled="false" Margin="0,0,10,0">TakePhoto</Button>
    </StackPanel>
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="2" Margin="0,10,0,0">
        <CheckBox x:Name="AddRemoveEffect" Margin="10,0,10,0" Content="Grayscale effect" IsEnabled="False" Checked="AddRemoveEffect_Checked" Unchecked="AddRemoveEffect_Unchecked"/>
    </StackPanel>
    <Image x:Name="CapturedImage" Width="320" Height="240" Margin="10,10,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</StackPanel>

  5. 用下面的代码替换 MainPage.xaml.cs 的内容：

    using System;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Media.Capture;
using Windows.Media.Effects;
using Windows.Media.MediaProperties;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using Windows.UI;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Imaging;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;

namespace MediaCapture
{
    public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
    {
        // Captures photos from the webcam.
        private Windows.Media.Capture.MediaCapture mediaCapture;

        // Used to display status messages.
        private Brush statusBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green);
        // Used to display error messages.
        private Brush exceptionBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);

        public MainPage()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();
        }

        // Shows a status message.
        private void ShowStatusMessage(string text)
        {
            StatusBlock.Foreground = statusBrush;
            StatusBlock.Text = text;
        }

        // Shows an error message.
        private void ShowExceptionMessage(Exception ex)
        {
            StatusBlock.Foreground = exceptionBrush;
            StatusBlock.Text = ex.Message;
        }

        // Click event handler for the "Start Device" button.
        private async void StartDevice_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                StartDevice.IsEnabled = false;

                // Enumerate webcams.
                ShowStatusMessage("Enumerating webcams...");
                var devInfoCollection = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(DeviceClass.VideoCapture);
                if (devInfoCollection.Count == 0)
                {
                    ShowStatusMessage("No webcams found");
                    return;
                }

                // Initialize the MediaCapture object, choosing the first found webcam.
                mediaCapture = new Windows.Media.Capture.MediaCapture();
                var settings = new Windows.Media.Capture.MediaCaptureInitializationSettings();
                settings.VideoDeviceId = devInfoCollection[0].Id;
                await mediaCapture.InitializeAsync(settings);

                // We can now take photos and enable the grayscale effect.
                TakePhoto.IsEnabled = true;
                AddRemoveEffect.IsEnabled = true;

                ShowStatusMessage("Device initialized successfully");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ShowExceptionMessage(ex);
            }
        }

        // Takes a photo from the webcam and displays it.
        private async void TakePhoto_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                ShowStatusMessage("Taking photo...");
                TakePhoto.IsEnabled = false;

                // Capture the photo to an in-memory stream.
                var photoStream = new InMemoryRandomAccessStream();
                await mediaCapture.CapturePhotoToStreamAsync(ImageEncodingProperties.CreateJpeg(), photoStream);
                ShowStatusMessage("Create photo file successful");

                // Display the photo.
                var bmpimg = new BitmapImage();
                photoStream.Seek(0);
                await bmpimg.SetSourceAsync(photoStream);
                CapturedImage.Source = bmpimg;

                TakePhoto.IsEnabled = true;
                ShowStatusMessage("Photo taken");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ShowExceptionMessage(ex);
                TakePhoto.IsEnabled = true;
            }
        }

        // Enables the grayscale effect.
        private async void AddRemoveEffect_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                AddRemoveEffect.IsEnabled = false;
                VideoEffectDefinition def = new VideoEffectDefinition("GrayscaleTransform.GrayscaleEffect");
                await mediaCapture.AddVideoEffectAsync(def, MediaStreamType.Photo);
                ShowStatusMessage("Add effect to video preview successful");
                AddRemoveEffect.IsEnabled = true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ShowExceptionMessage(ex);
            }
        }

        // Removes the grayscale effect.
        private async void AddRemoveEffect_Unchecked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                AddRemoveEffect.IsEnabled = false;
                await mediaCapture.ClearEffectsAsync(Windows.Media.Capture.MediaStreamType.Photo);
                ShowStatusMessage("Remove effect from preview successful");
                AddRemoveEffect.IsEnabled = true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ShowExceptionMessage(ex);
            }
        }
    }
}

下图显示了 MediaCapture app。

捕获照片的 MediaCapture 应用的屏幕截图。

后续步骤

该示例演示如何从默认网络摄像头逐张捕捉照片。 媒体扩展示例执行更多操作。 它演示如何枚举网络摄像头设备和使用本地方案处理程序。 此示例还演示适用于单张照片和视频流的其他媒体效果。

另请参阅

Windows 运行时 C++ 模板库 (WRL)
Microsoft 媒体基础