声明摘要

declaration？
 declaration-specifiers attribute-seq_opt¹ init-declarator-list_opt ;
 static_assert-declaration

declaration-specifiers？
 storage-class-specifier _declaration-specifiersopt
 type-specifier _declaration-specifiersopt
 type-qualifier _declaration-specifiersopt
 function-specifier _declaration-specifiersopt
 alignment-specifier _declaration-specifiersopt

attribute-seq¹：
 attribute¹ attribute-seq_opt¹

attribute^1、2：以下项之一
 __asm __based __cdecl __clrcall __fastcall __inline __stdcall __thiscall __vectorcall

init-declarator-list？
 init-declarator
 init-declarator-list , init-declarator

init-declarator？
 declarator
 declarator = initializer

storage-class-specifier？
 auto
 extern
 register
 static
 _Thread_local
 typedef
 __declspec ( extended-decl-modifier-seq )¹

extended-decl-modifier-seq¹：
 extended-decl-modifier_opt
 extended-decl-modifier-seq extended-decl-modifier

extended-decl-modifier¹：
 thread
 naked
 dllimport
 dllexport

type-specifier？
 void
 char
 short
 int
 __int8¹
 __int16¹
 __int32¹
 __int64¹
 long
 float
 double
 signed
 unsigned
 _Bool
 _Complex
 atomic-type-specifier
 struct-or-union-specifier
 enum-specifier
 typedef-name

struct-or-union-specifier？
 struct-or-union identifier opt{ struct-declaration-list }
 struct-or-union identifier

struct-or-union？
 struct
 union

struct-declaration-list？
 struct-declaration
 struct-declaration-list struct-declaration

struct-declaration？
 specifier-qualifier-listoptstruct-declarator-list ;
 static_assert-declaration

specifier-qualifier-list？
 type-specifier _specifier-qualifier-listopt
 type-qualifier _specifier-qualifier-listopt
 alignment-specifier _specifier-qualifier-listopt

struct-declarator-list？
 struct-declarator
 struct-declarator-list , struct-declarator

struct-declarator？
 declarator
 declarator_opt : constant-expression

enum-specifier？
 enum identifier opt{ enumerator-list }
 enum identifier {optenumerator-list , }
 enum identifier

enumerator-list？
 enumerator
 enumerator-list , enumerator

enumerator？
 enumeration-constant
 enumeration-constant = constant-expression

atomic-type-specifier？
 _Atomic ( type-name )

type-qualifier？
 const
 restrict
 volatile
 _Atomic

function-specifier？
 inline
 _Noreturn

alignment-specifier？
 _Alignas ( type-name )
 _Alignas ( constant-expression )

declarator？
 pointer_opt direct-declarator

direct-declarator？
 identifier
 ( declarator )
 direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression_opt ]
 direct-declarator [ static type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression ]
 direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
 direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt * ]
 direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
 direct-declarator ( identifier-list_opt )³

pointer？
 * _type-qualifier-listopt
 *opttype-qualifier-list pointer

type-qualifier-list？
 type-qualifier
 type-qualifier-list type-qualifier

parameter-type-list？
 parameter-list
 parameter-list , ...

parameter-list？
 parameter-declaration
 parameter-list , parameter-declaration

parameter-declaration？
 declaration-specifiers declarator
 declaration-specifiers _abstract-declaratoropt

identifier-list：/* 用于旧式声明符 */
 identifier
 identifier-list , identifier

type-name？
 specifier-qualifier-list _abstract-declaratoropt

abstract-declarator？
 pointer
 pointer_opt direct-abstract-declarator

direct-abstract-declarator？
 ( abstract-declarator )
 direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression_opt ]
 direct-abstract-declarator [ static type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression ]
 direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
 direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt * ]
 direct-abstract-declarator_opt ( parameter-type-list_opt )

typedef-name？
 identifier

initializer？
 assignment-expression
 { initializer-list }
 { initializer-list , }

initializer-list？
 designation_opt initializer
 initializer-list , designation_opt initializer

designation？
 designator-list =

designator-list？
 designator
 designator-list designator

designator？
 [ constant-expression ]
 . identifier

static_assert-declaration？
 _Static_assert ( constant-expression , string-literal ) ;

¹ 此语法元素是 Microsoft 专用的。
² 有关这些元素的详细信息，请参阅 __asm、__clrcall、__stdcall、__based、__fastcall、__thiscall、__cdecl、__inline 和 __vectorcall。
³ 此样式已过时。

另请参阅

调用约定
短语结构语法
已过时调用约定