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使用 Apache Flink® DataStream API 将消息写入 Apache HBase®
注意
我们将于 2025 年 1 月 31 日停用 Azure HDInsight on AKS。 在 2025 年 1 月 31 日之前，你需要将工作负荷迁移到 Microsoft Fabric 或同等的 Azure 产品，以避免工作负荷突然终止。 订阅上的剩余群集会被停止并从主机中移除。
在停用日期之前，仅提供基本支持。
重要
此功能目前以预览版提供。 Microsoft Azure 预览版的补充使用条款包含适用于 beta 版、预览版或其他尚未正式发布的 Azure 功能的更多法律条款。 有关此特定预览版的信息，请参阅 Azure HDInsight on AKS 预览版信息。 如有疑问或功能建议，请在 AskHDInsight 上提交请求并附上详细信息，并关注我们以获取 Azure HDInsight Community 的更多更新。
本文介绍如何使用 Apache Flink DataStream API 将消息写入 HBase。
概述
Apache Flink 将 HBase 连接器作为接收器提供，此连接器与 Flink 配合使用，可以将实时处理应用程序的输出存储在 HBase 中。 了解如何将 HDInsight Kafka 上的流式处理数据作为源进行处理，执行转换，然后接收到 HDInsight HBase 表中。
在真实场景中，此示例是一个流分析层，用于实现物联网 (IOT) 分析的价值，该分析使用实时传感器数据。 Flink Stream 可以从 Kafka 文章读取数据并将其写入 HBase 表。 如果有实时流式处理 IOT 应用程序，则可以收集、转换和优化信息。
先决条件
- HDInsight on AKS 上的 Apache Flink 群集
- HDInsight 上的 Apache Kafka 群集
- HDInsight 上的 Apache HBase 2.4.11 群集
- 需要确保 HDInsight on AKS 群集能够使用同一虚拟网络连接到 HDInsight 群集。
- 用于在同一 VNet 中的 Azure VM 上进行开发的 IntelliJ IDEA 上的 Maven 项目
实现步骤
使用管道生成 Kafka 主题（用户单击事件主题）
weblog.py
import json
import random
import time
from datetime import datetime
user_set = [
'John',
'XiaoMing',
'Mike',
'Tom',
'Machael',
'Zheng Hu',
'Zark',
'Tim',
'Andrew',
'Pick',
'Sean',
'Luke',
'Chunck'
]
web_set = [
'https://github.com',
'https://www.bing.com/new',
'https://kafka.apache.org',
'https://hbase.apache.org',
'https://flink.apache.org',
'https://spark.apache.org',
'https://trino.io',
'https://hadoop.apache.org',
'https://stackoverflow.com',
'https://docs.python.org',
'https://azure.microsoft.com/products/category/storage',
'/azure/hdinsight/hdinsight-overview',
'https://azure.microsoft.com/products/category/storage'
]
def main():
while True:
if random.randrange(13) < 4:
url = random.choice(web_set[:3])
else:
url = random.choice(web_set)
log_entry = {
'userName': random.choice(user_set),
'visitURL': url,
'ts': datetime.now().strftime("%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S")
}
print(json.dumps(log_entry))
time.sleep(0.05)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
使用管道生成 Apache Kafka 主题
我们将对 Kafka 主题使用 click_events
python weblog.py | /usr/hdp/current/kafka-broker/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --bootstrap-server wn0-contsk:9092 --topic click_events
Kafka 上的示例命令
-- create topic (replace with your Kafka bootstrap server)
/usr/hdp/current/kafka-broker/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --replication-factor 2 --partitions 3 --topic click_events --bootstrap-server wn0-contsk:9092
-- delete topic (replace with your Kafka bootstrap server)
/usr/hdp/current/kafka-broker/bin/kafka-topics.sh --delete --topic click_events --bootstrap-server wn0-contsk:9092
-- produce topic (replace with your Kafka bootstrap server)
python weblog.py | /usr/hdp/current/kafka-broker/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --bootstrap-server wn0-contsk:9092 --topic click_events
-- consume topic
/usr/hdp/current/kafka-broker/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server wn0-contsk:9092 --topic click_events --from-beginning
{"userName": "Luke", "visitURL": "https://azure.microsoft.com/products/category/storage", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Sean", "visitURL": "https://www.bing.com/new", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "XiaoMing", "visitURL": "https://hbase.apache.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Machael", "visitURL": "https://www.bing.com/new", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Andrew", "visitURL": "https://github.com", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Zark", "visitURL": "https://kafka.apache.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "XiaoMing", "visitURL": "https://trino.io", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Zark", "visitURL": "https://flink.apache.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Mike", "visitURL": "https://kafka.apache.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:43"}
{"userName": "Zark", "visitURL": "https://docs.python.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:44"}
{"userName": "John", "visitURL": "https://www.bing.com/new", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:44"}
{"userName": "Mike", "visitURL": "https://hadoop.apache.org", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:44"}
{"userName": "Tim", "visitURL": "https://www.bing.com/new", "ts": "07/11/2023 06:39:44"}
.....
在 HDInsight 群集上创建 HBase 表
root@hn0-contos:/home/sshuser# hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/hdp/5.1.1.3/hadoop/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.35.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/hdp/5.1.1.3/hbase/lib/client-facing-thirdparty/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.33.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Reload4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
For more information, see, http://hbase.apache.org/2.0/book.html#shell
Version 2.4.11.5.1.1.3, rUnknown, Thu Apr 20 12:31:07 UTC 2023
Took 0.0032 seconds
hbase:001:0> create 'user_click_events','user_info'
Created table user_click_events
Took 5.1399 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - user_click_events
hbase:002:0>
开发用于在 Flink 上提交 jar 的项目
使用以下 pom.xml 创建 maven 项目
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>contoso.example</groupId>
<artifactId>FlinkHbaseDemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<flink.version>1.17.0</flink.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<scala.binary.version>2.12</scala.binary.version>
<hbase.version>2.4.11</hbase.version>
<kafka.version>3.2.0</kafka.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.flink/flink-streaming-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.flink/flink-clients -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-clients</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.flink/flink-connector-hbase-base -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-hbase-base</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hbase/hbase-client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
<artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
<version>${hbase.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-kafka</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.flink/flink-connector-base -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-base</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-core</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
源代码
编写 HBase 接收器程序
HBaseWriterSink
package contoso.example;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple3;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.RichSinkFunction;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
public class HBaseWriterSink extends RichSinkFunction<Tuple3<String,String,String>> {
String hbase_zk = "<update-hbasezk-ip>:2181,<update-hbasezk-ip>:2181,<update-hbasezk-ip>:2181";
Connection hbase_conn;
Table tb;
int i = 0;
@Override
public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
super.open(parameters);
org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration hbase_conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
hbase_conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", hbase_zk);
hbase_conf.set("zookeeper.znode.parent", "/hbase-unsecure");
hbase_conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(hbase_conf);
tb = hbase_conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_click_events"));
}
@Override
public void invoke(Tuple3<String,String,String> value, Context context) throws Exception {
byte[] rowKey = Bytes.toBytes(String.format("%010d", i++));
Put put = new Put(rowKey);
put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("user_info"), Bytes.toBytes("userName"), Bytes.toBytes(value.f0));
put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("user_info"), Bytes.toBytes("visitURL"), Bytes.toBytes(value.f1));
put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("user_info"), Bytes.toBytes("ts"), Bytes.toBytes(value.f2));
tb.put(put);
};
public void close() throws Exception {
if (null != tb) tb.close();
if (null != hbase_conn) hbase_conn.close();
}
}
main:KafkaSinkToHbase
将 Kafka 接收器写入 HBase 程序
package contoso.example;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.WatermarkStrategy;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple3;
import org.apache.flink.connector.kafka.source.KafkaSource;
import org.apache.flink.connector.kafka.source.enumerator.initializer.OffsetsInitializer;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
public class KafkaSinkToHbase {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment().setParallelism(1);
String kafka_brokers = "10.0.0.38:9092,10.0.0.39:9092,10.0.0.40:9092";
KafkaSource<String> source = KafkaSource.<String>builder()
.setBootstrapServers(kafka_brokers)
.setTopics("click_events")
.setGroupId("my-group")
.setStartingOffsets(OffsetsInitializer.earliest())
.setValueOnlyDeserializer(new SimpleStringSchema())
.build();
DataStreamSource<String> kafka = env.fromSource(source, WatermarkStrategy.noWatermarks(), "Kafka Source").setParallelism(1);
DataStream<Tuple3<String,String,String>> dataStream = kafka.map(line-> {
String[] fields = line.toString().replace("{","").replace("}","").
replace("\"","").split(",");
Tuple3<String, String,String> tuple3 = Tuple3.of(fields[0].substring(10),fields[1].substring(11),fields[2].substring(5));
return tuple3;
}).returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING,Types.STRING,Types.STRING));
dataStream.addSink(new HBaseWriterSink());
env.execute("Kafka Sink To Hbase");
}
}
提交作业
将作业 Jar 上传到与群集关联的存储帐户。
在“应用程序模式”选项卡中添加作业详细信息。
注意
请确保添加
Hadoop.class.enable和classloader.resolve-order设置。选择“作业日志聚合”以将日志存储在 ABFS 中。
提交作业。
应该能够在此处看到作业提交的状态。
验证 HBase 表数据
hbase:001:0> scan 'user_click_events',{LIMIT=>5}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
0000000000 column=user_info:ts, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.932, value=03/20/2024 02:02:43
0000000000 column=user_info:userName, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.932, value=Pick
0000000000 column=user_info:visitURL, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.932, value=
https://hadoop.apache.org
0000000001 column=user_info:ts, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.991, value=03/20/2024 02:02:43
0000000001 column=user_info:userName, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.991, value=Zheng Hu
0000000001 column=user_info:visitURL, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:46.991, value=/azure/hdinsight/hdinsight-overview
0000000002 column=user_info:ts, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.001, value=03/20/2024 02:02:43
0000000002 column=user_info:userName, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.001, value=Sean
0000000002 column=user_info:visitURL, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.001, value=
https://spark.apache.org
0000000003 column=user_info:ts, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.008, value=03/20/2024 02:02:43
0000000003 column=user_info:userName, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.008, value=Zheng Hu
0000000003 column=user_info:visitURL, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.008, value=
https://kafka.apache.org
0000000004 column=user_info:ts, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.017, value=03/20/2024 02:02:43
0000000004 column=user_info:userName, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.017, value=Chunck
0000000004 column=user_info:visitURL, timestamp=2024-03-20T02:02:47.017, value=
https://github.com
5 row(s)
Took 0.9269 seconds
注意
- FlinkKafkaConsumer 已弃用，并随 Flink 1.17 一起删除，请改用 KafkaSource。
- FlinkKafkaProducer 已弃用，并将随 Flink 1.15 一起删除，请改用 KafkaSink。
参考
- Apache Kafka 连接器
- 下载 IntelliJ IDEA
- Apache、Apache Kafka、Kafka、Apache HBase、HBase、Apache Flink、Flink 和关联的开源项目名称是 Apache Software Foundation (ASF) 的商标。