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教程：部署链接模板

项目
09/26/2024

前一篇教程已介绍如何部署存储在本地计算机中的模板。若要部署复杂的解决方案，可将一个模板分解为多个模板，并通过主模板部署这些模板。本教程介绍如何部署包含对链接模板的引用的主模板。部署主模板时，会触发链接模板的部署。本教程还将介绍如何使用 SAS 令牌存储和保护模板。完成该过程需要大约 12 分钟。

先决条件

建议完成前一篇教程，但这不是一项要求。

审阅模板

在前面的教程中，你部署了一个用于创建存储帐户、应用服务计划和 Web 应用的模板。使用的模板是：

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "projectName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 3,
      "maxLength": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a project name that is used to generate resource names."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "storageSKU": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_LRS",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Standard_LRS",
        "Standard_GRS",
        "Standard_RAGRS",
        "Standard_ZRS",
        "Premium_LRS",
        "Premium_ZRS",
        "Standard_GZRS",
        "Standard_RAGZRS"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account type."
      }
    },
    "linuxFxVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "php|7.0",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the Runtime stack of current web app"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "storageAccountName": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('projectName'), uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "webAppName": "[format('{0}WebApp', parameters('projectName'))]",
    "appServicePlanName": "[format('{0}Plan', parameters('projectName'))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
      "name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[parameters('storageSKU')]"
      },
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "properties": {
        "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/serverfarms",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('appServicePlanName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "B1",
        "tier": "Basic",
        "size": "B1",
        "family": "B",
        "capacity": 1
      },
      "kind": "linux",
      "properties": {
        "perSiteScaling": false,
        "reserved": true,
        "targetWorkerCount": 0,
        "targetWorkerSizeId": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/sites",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('webAppName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "kind": "app",
      "properties": {
        "serverFarmId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]",
        "siteConfig": {
          "linuxFxVersion": "[parameters('linuxFxVersion')]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2023-01-01').primaryEndpoints]"
    }
  }
}

创建链接模板

可将存储帐户资源隔离到链接模板中：

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "storageAccountName": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account name."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "storageSKU": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_LRS",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Standard_LRS",
        "Standard_GRS",
        "Standard_RAGRS",
        "Standard_ZRS",
        "Premium_LRS",
        "Premium_ZRS",
        "Standard_GZRS",
        "Standard_RAGZRS"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account type."
      }
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
      "name": "[parameters('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[parameters('storageSKU')]"
      },
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "properties": {
        "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true
      }
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference(parameters('storageAccountName')).primaryEndpoints]"
    }
  }
}

以下模板是主模板。突出显示的 Microsoft.Resources/deployments 对象演示如何调用链接模板。无法将链接模板存储为本地文件，或存储为只能在本地网络中使用的文件。可以提供包含 HTTP 或 HTTPS 的链接模板的 URI 值，也可以使用 relativePath 属性在相对于父模板的位置部署远程链接模板。一种选择是将主模板和链接模板均放在存储帐户中。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "projectName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 3,
      "maxLength": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a project name that is used to generate resource names."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "linuxFxVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "php|7.0",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The Runtime stack of current web app"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "storageAccountName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "webAppName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), 'WebApp')]",
    "appServicePlanName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), 'Plan')]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "name": "linkedTemplate",
      "type": "Microsoft.Resources/deployments",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "properties": {
        "mode": "Incremental",
        "templateLink": {
          "relativePath": "linkedStorageAccount.json"
        },
        "parameters": {
          "storageAccountName": {
            "value": "[variables('storageAccountName')]"
          },
          "location": {
            "value": "[parameters('location')]"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/serverfarms",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('appServicePlanName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "B1",
        "tier": "Basic",
        "size": "B1",
        "family": "B",
        "capacity": 1
      },
      "kind": "linux",
      "properties": {
        "perSiteScaling": false,
        "reserved": true,
        "targetWorkerCount": 0,
        "targetWorkerSizeId": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/sites",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('webAppName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]"
      ],
      "kind": "app",
      "properties": {
        "serverFarmId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]",
        "siteConfig": {
          "linuxFxVersion": "[parameters('linuxFxVersion')]"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference('linkedTemplate').outputs.storageEndpoint.value]"
    }
  }
}

存储链接模板

主模板和链接模板均存储在 GitHub 中：

以下 PowerShell 脚本将创建存储帐户、创建容器，然后将这两个模板从 GitHub 存储库复制到该容器。这两个模板是：

选择“尝试”打开 Cloud Shell，选择“复制”以复制 PowerShell 脚本，然后右键单击 Shell 窗格以粘贴该脚本：

重要

存储帐户名称必须唯一，长度为 3 到 24 个字符，只能使用数字和小写字母。示例模板的 storageAccountName 变量将 projectName 参数的最大值（11 个字符）与 uniqueString 值（13 个字符）组合在一起。

$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a project name:"   # This name is used to generate names for Azure resources, such as storage account name.
$location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a location (i.e. centralus)"

$resourceGroupName = $projectName + "rg"
$storageAccountName = $projectName + "store"
$containerName = "templates" # The name of the Blob container to be created.

$mainTemplateURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-json-samples/master/get-started-deployment/linked-template/azuredeploy.json"
$linkedTemplateURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-json-samples/master/get-started-deployment/linked-template/linkedStorageAccount.json"

$mainFileName = "azuredeploy.json" # A file name used for downloading and uploading the main template.Add-PSSnapin
$linkedFileName = "linkedStorageAccount.json" # A file name used for downloading and uploading the linked template.

# Download the templates
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $mainTemplateURL -OutFile "$home/$mainFileName"
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $linkedTemplateURL -OutFile "$home/$linkedFileName"

# Create a resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location

# Create a storage account
$storageAccount = New-AzStorageAccount `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -Name $storageAccountName `
    -Location $location `
    -SkuName "Standard_LRS"

$context = $storageAccount.Context

# Create a container
New-AzStorageContainer -Name $containerName -Context $context -Permission Container

# Upload the templates
Set-AzStorageBlobContent `
    -Container $containerName `
    -File "$home/$mainFileName" `
    -Blob $mainFileName `
    -Context $context

Set-AzStorageBlobContent `
    -Container $containerName `
    -File "$home/$linkedFileName" `
    -Blob $linkedFileName `
    -Context $context

Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue ..."

部署模板

若要在存储帐户中部署模板，请生成 SAS 令牌并将其提供给 -QueryString 参数。设置到期时间以允许足够的时间来完成部署。只有帐户所有者才能访问包含这些模板的 blob。但是，如果为某个 blob 创建 SAS 令牌，则拥有该 SAS 令牌的任何人都可以访问该 blob。如果其他用户截获了该 URI 和 SAS 令牌，则此用户可以访问该模板。使用 SAS 令牌是限制对模板的访问的好办法，但不应直接在模板中包括密码等敏感数据。

如果尚未创建资源组，请参阅创建资源组。

注意

在下面的 Azure CLI 代码中，date 参数 -d 在 macOS 中是无效参数。因此，macOS 用户若要在 macOS 的终端中将当前时间增加 2 小时，则应使用 -v+2H。

PowerShell
Azure CLI


$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the same project name:"   # This name is used to generate names for Azure resources, such as storage account name.

$resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg"
$storageAccountName="${projectName}store"
$containerName = "templates"

$key = (Get-AzStorageAccountKey -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $storageAccountName).Value[0]
$context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $key

$mainTemplateUri = $context.BlobEndPoint + "$containerName/azuredeploy.json"
$sasToken = New-AzStorageContainerSASToken `
    -Context $context `
    -Container $containerName `
    -Permission r `
    -ExpiryTime (Get-Date).AddHours(2.0)
$newSas = $sasToken.substring(1)


New-AzResourceGroupDeployment `
  -Name DeployLinkedTemplate `
  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
  -TemplateUri $mainTemplateUri `
  -QueryString $newSas `
  -projectName $projectName `
  -verbose

Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue ..."

echo "Enter a project name that is used to generate resource names:" &&
read projectName &&

resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg" &&
storageAccountName="${projectName}store" &&
containerName="templates" &&

key=$(az storage account keys list -g $resourceGroupName -n $storageAccountName --query [0].value -o tsv) &&

sasToken=$(az storage container generate-sas \
  --account-name $storageAccountName \
  --account-key $key \
  --name $containerName \
  --permissions r \
  --expiry `date -u -d "120 minutes" '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ'`) &&
sasToken=$(echo $sasToken | sed 's/"//g')&&

blobUri=$(az storage account show -n $storageAccountName -g $resourceGroupName -o tsv --query primaryEndpoints.blob) &&
templateUri="${blobUri}${containerName}/azuredeploy.json" &&

az deployment group create \
  --name DeployLinkedTemplate \
  --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
  --template-uri $templateUri \
  --parameters projectName=$projectName \
  --query-string $sasToken \
  --verbose

清理资源

通过删除资源组来清理你部署的资源。

在 Azure 门户上的左侧菜单中选择“资源组” 。
在“按名称筛选”字段中输入资源组名称。
选择资源组名称。
在顶部菜单中选择“删除资源组”。

后续步骤

现在，你已了解如何部署链接模板。下一篇教程将介绍如何创建用于部署模板的 DevOps 管道。

创建管道

通过