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结构化输出

项目
12/18/2024

结构化输出使模型遵循你在推理 API 调用中提供的 JSON 架构定义。这与旧的 JSON 模式功能形成鲜明对比，该功能保证将生成有效的 JSON，但无法确保严格遵循提供的架构。建议使用结构化输出进行函数调用、提取结构化数据以及生成复杂的多步骤工作流。

注意

目前，自带数据方案不支持结构化输出。

支持的模型

o1 版本：2024-12-17
gpt-4o-mini 版本：2024-07-18
gpt-4o 版本：2024-08-06

API 支持

在 API 版本 2024-08-01-preview 中首次添加了对结构化输出的支持。它在最新的预览版 API 以及最新的 GA API 中提供：2024-10-21。

入门

可使用 Pydantic 在 Python 中定义对象架构。根据你运行的 OpenAI 和 Pydantic 库的版本，你可能需要升级到较新版本。这些示例是针对 openai 1.42.0 和 pydantic 2.8.2 进行测试的。

pip install openai pydantic --upgrade

如果对使用 Microsoft Entra ID 进行身份验证不熟悉，请参阅如何使用 Microsoft Entra ID 身份验证配置 Azure OpenAI 服务。

from pydantic import BaseModel
from openai import AzureOpenAI
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, get_bearer_token_provider

token_provider = get_bearer_token_provider(
    DefaultAzureCredential(), "https://cognitiveservices.azure.com/.default"
)

client = AzureOpenAI(
  azure_endpoint = os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"), 
  azure_ad_token_provider=token_provider,
  api_version="2024-10-21"
)


class CalendarEvent(BaseModel):
    name: str
    date: str
    participants: list[str]

completion = client.beta.chat.completions.parse(
    model="MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME", # replace with the model deployment name of your gpt-4o 2024-08-06 deployment
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": "Extract the event information."},
        {"role": "user", "content": "Alice and Bob are going to a science fair on Friday."},
    ],
    response_format=CalendarEvent,
)

event = completion.choices[0].message.parsed

print(event)
print(completion.model_dump_json(indent=2))

输出

name='Science Fair' date='Friday' participants=['Alice', 'Bob']
{
  "id": "chatcmpl-A1EUP2fAmL4SeB1lVMinwM7I2vcqG",
  "choices": [
    {
      "finish_reason": "stop",
      "index": 0,
      "logprobs": null,
      "message": {
        "content": "{\n  \"name\": \"Science Fair\",\n  \"date\": \"Friday\",\n  \"participants\": [\"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n}",
        "refusal": null,
        "role": "assistant",
        "function_call": null,
        "tool_calls": [],
        "parsed": {
          "name": "Science Fair",
          "date": "Friday",
          "participants": [
            "Alice",
            "Bob"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "created": 1724857389,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "object": "chat.completion",
  "service_tier": null,
  "system_fingerprint": "fp_1c2eaec9fe",
  "usage": {
    "completion_tokens": 27,
    "prompt_tokens": 32,
    "total_tokens": 59
  }
}

pip install openai pydantic --upgrade

from pydantic import BaseModel
from openai import AzureOpenAI

client = AzureOpenAI(
  azure_endpoint = os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"), 
  api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY"),  
  api_version="2024-10-21"
)


class CalendarEvent(BaseModel):
    name: str
    date: str
    participants: list[str]

completion = client.beta.chat.completions.parse(
    model="MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME", # replace with the model deployment name of your gpt-4o 2024-08-06 deployment
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": "Extract the event information."},
        {"role": "user", "content": "Alice and Bob are going to a science fair on Friday."},
    ],
    response_format=CalendarEvent,
)

event = completion.choices[0].message.parsed

print(event)
print(completion.model_dump_json(indent=2))

输出

name='Science Fair' date='Friday' participants=['Alice', 'Bob']
{
  "id": "chatcmpl-A1EUP2fAmL4SeB1lVMinwM7I2vcqG",
  "choices": [
    {
      "finish_reason": "stop",
      "index": 0,
      "logprobs": null,
      "message": {
        "content": "{\n  \"name\": \"Science Fair\",\n  \"date\": \"Friday\",\n  \"participants\": [\"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n}",
        "refusal": null,
        "role": "assistant",
        "function_call": null,
        "tool_calls": [],
        "parsed": {
          "name": "Science Fair",
          "date": "Friday",
          "participants": [
            "Alice",
            "Bob"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "created": 1724857389,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "object": "chat.completion",
  "service_tier": null,
  "system_fingerprint": "fp_1c2eaec9fe",
  "usage": {
    "completion_tokens": 27,
    "prompt_tokens": 32,
    "total_tokens": 59
  }
}

response_format 设置为 json_schema 并设置了 strict: true。

curl -X POST  https://YOUR_RESOURCE_NAME.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/YOUR_MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME/chat/completions?api-version=2024-10-21 \
  -H "api-key: $AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
        "messages": [
                {"role": "system", "content": "Extract the event information."},
                {"role": "user", "content": "Alice and Bob are going to a science fair on Friday."}
            ],
            "response_format": {
                "type": "json_schema",
                "json_schema": {
                    "name": "CalendarEventResponse",
                    "strict": true,
                    "schema": {
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                            "name": {
                              "type": "string"
                            },
                            "date": {
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            "participants": {
                                "type": "array",
                                "items": {
                                    "type": "string"
                                }
                            }
                        },
                        "required": [
                            "name",
                            "date",
                            "participants"
                        ],
                        "additionalProperties": false
                    }
                }
          }
  }'

输出：

{
  "id": "chatcmpl-A1HKsHAe2hH9MEooYslRn9UmEwsag",
  "object": "chat.completion",
  "created": 1724868330,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "choices": [
    {
      "index": 0,
      "message": {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "{\n  \"name\": \"Science Fair\",\n  \"date\": \"Friday\",\n  \"participants\": [\"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n}"
      },
      "logprobs": null,
      "finish_reason": "stop"
    }
  ],
  "usage": {
    "prompt_tokens": 33,
    "completion_tokens": 27,
    "total_tokens": 60
  },
  "system_fingerprint": "fp_1c2eaec9fe"
}

使用结构化输出进行函数调用

可以通过一个参数来启用函数调用的结构化输出，方法是提供 strict: true。

注意

并行函数调用不支持结构化输出。使用结构化输出时，将 parallel_tool_calls 设置为 false。

from enum import Enum
from typing import Union
from pydantic import BaseModel
import openai
from openai import AzureOpenAI

client = AzureOpenAI(
  azure_endpoint = os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"), 
  api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY"),  
  api_version="2024-10-21"
)


class GetDeliveryDate(BaseModel):
    order_id: str

tools = [openai.pydantic_function_tool(GetDeliveryDate)]

messages = []
messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful customer support assistant. Use the supplied tools to assist the user."})
messages.append({"role": "user", "content": "Hi, can you tell me the delivery date for my order #12345?"}) 

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME", # replace with the model deployment name of your gpt-4o 2024-08-06 deployment
    messages=messages,
    tools=tools
)

print(response.choices[0].message.tool_calls[0].function)
print(response.model_dump_json(indent=2))

from enum import Enum
from typing import Union
from pydantic import BaseModel
import openai
from openai import AzureOpenAI

client = AzureOpenAI(
  azure_endpoint = os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"), 
  api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY"),  
  api_version="2024-10-21"
)

class GetDeliveryDate(BaseModel):
    order_id: str

tools = [openai.pydantic_function_tool(GetDeliveryDate)]

messages = []
messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful customer support assistant. Use the supplied tools to assist the user."})
messages.append({"role": "user", "content": "Hi, can you tell me the delivery date for my order #12345?"}) 

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME", # replace with the model deployment name of your gpt-4o 2024-08-06 deployment
    messages=messages,
    tools=tools
)

print(response.choices[0].message.tool_calls[0].function)
print(response.model_dump_json(indent=2))

curl -X POST  https://YOUR_RESOURCE_NAME.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/YOUR_MODEL_DEPLOYMENT_NAME/chat/completions?api-version=2024-10-21 \
  -H "api-key: $AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "system",
      "content": "You are a helpful assistant. The current date is August 6, 2024. You help users query for the data they are looking for by calling the query function."
    },
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": "look up all my orders in may of last year that were fulfilled but not delivered on time"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "type": "function",
      "function": {
        "name": "query",
        "description": "Execute a query.",
        "strict": true,
        "parameters": {
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "table_name": {
              "type": "string",
              "enum": ["orders"]
            },
            "columns": {
              "type": "array",
              "items": {
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "id",
                  "status",
                  "expected_delivery_date",
                  "delivered_at",
                  "shipped_at",
                  "ordered_at",
                  "canceled_at"
                ]
              }
            },
            "conditions": {
              "type": "array",
              "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                  "column": {
                    "type": "string"
                  },
                  "operator": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "enum": ["=", ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "!="]
                  },
                  "value": {
                    "anyOf": [
                      {
                        "type": "string"
                      },
                      {
                        "type": "number"
                      },
                      {
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                          "column_name": {
                            "type": "string"
                          }
                        },
                        "required": ["column_name"],
                        "additionalProperties": false
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                },
                "required": ["column", "operator", "value"],
                "additionalProperties": false
              }
            },
            "order_by": {
              "type": "string",
              "enum": ["asc", "desc"]
            }
          },
          "required": ["table_name", "columns", "conditions", "order_by"],
          "additionalProperties": false
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}'

支持的架构和限制

Azure OpenAI 结构化输出支持与 OpenAI 相同的 JSON 架构子集。

支持的类型

字符串
Number
布尔
Integer
Object
数组
Enum
anyOf

注意

根对象不能是 anyOf 类型。

所有字段都必须是必填的

必须根据需要包含所有字段或函数参数。在下面的示例中，location 和 unit 都在 "required": ["location", "unit"] 下指定。

{
    "name": "get_weather",
    "description": "Fetches the weather in the given location",
    "strict": true,
    "parameters": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "location": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "The location to get the weather for"
            },
            "unit": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "The unit to return the temperature in",
                "enum": ["F", "C"]
            }
        },
        "additionalProperties": false,
        "required": ["location", "unit"]
    }

如果需要，可以通过将联合类型与 null 一起使用来模拟可选参数。在此示例中，这是通过 "type": ["string", "null"], 行实现的。

{
    "name": "get_weather",
    "description": "Fetches the weather in the given location",
    "strict": true,
    "parameters": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "location": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "The location to get the weather for"
            },
            "unit": {
                "type": ["string", "null"],
                "description": "The unit to return the temperature in",
                "enum": ["F", "C"]
            }
        },
        "additionalProperties": false,
        "required": [
            "location", "unit"
        ]
    }
}

嵌套深度

一个架构总共最多可以有 100 个对象属性，最多五个嵌套级别

additionalProperties: false 必须始终在对象中设置

此属性控制对象是否可以具有 JSON 架构中未定义的附加键值对。若要使用结构化输出，必须将此值设置为 false。

键排序

结构化输出的排序方式与提供的架构相同。若要更改输出顺序，请修改你在推理请求中发送的架构的顺序。

不支持的特定于类型的关键字

类型	不支持的关键字
字符串	minlength maxLength pattern format
Number	最小值最大值 multipleOf
对象	patternProperties unevaluatedProperties propertyNames minProperties maxProperties
阵列	unevaluatedItems contains minContains maxContains minItems maxItems uniqueItems

使用 anyOf 的嵌套架构必须遵循整个 JSON 架构子集

支持的 anyOf 架构示例：

{
	"type": "object",
	"properties": {
		"item": {
			"anyOf": [
				{
					"type": "object",
					"description": "The user object to insert into the database",
					"properties": {
						"name": {
							"type": "string",
							"description": "The name of the user"
						},
						"age": {
							"type": "number",
							"description": "The age of the user"
						}
					},
					"additionalProperties": false,
					"required": [
						"name",
						"age"
					]
				},
				{
					"type": "object",
					"description": "The address object to insert into the database",
					"properties": {
						"number": {
							"type": "string",
							"description": "The number of the address. Eg. for 123 main st, this would be 123"
						},
						"street": {
							"type": "string",
							"description": "The street name. Eg. for 123 main st, this would be main st"
						},
						"city": {
							"type": "string",
							"description": "The city of the address"
						}
					},
					"additionalProperties": false,
					"required": [
						"number",
						"street",
						"city"
					]
				}
			]
		}
	},
	"additionalProperties": false,
	"required": [
		"item"
	]
}

支持定义

支持的示例：

{
	"type": "object",
	"properties": {
		"steps": {
			"type": "array",
			"items": {
				"$ref": "#/$defs/step"
			}
		},
		"final_answer": {
			"type": "string"
		}
	},
	"$defs": {
		"step": {
			"type": "object",
			"properties": {
				"explanation": {
					"type": "string"
				},
				"output": {
					"type": "string"
				}
			},
			"required": [
				"explanation",
				"output"
			],
			"additionalProperties": false
		}
	},
	"required": [
		"steps",
		"final_answer"
	],
	"additionalProperties": false
}

支持递归架构

对根递归使用 # 的示例：

{
        "name": "ui",
        "description": "Dynamically generated UI",
        "strict": true,
        "schema": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "type": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "The type of the UI component",
                    "enum": ["div", "button", "header", "section", "field", "form"]
                },
                "label": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "The label of the UI component, used for buttons or form fields"
                },
                "children": {
                    "type": "array",
                    "description": "Nested UI components",
                    "items": {
                        "$ref": "#"
                    }
                },
                "attributes": {
                    "type": "array",
                    "description": "Arbitrary attributes for the UI component, suitable for any element",
                    "items": {
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                            "name": {
                                "type": "string",
                                "description": "The name of the attribute, for example onClick or className"
                            },
                            "value": {
                                "type": "string",
                                "description": "The value of the attribute"
                            }
                        },
                      "additionalProperties": false,
                      "required": ["name", "value"]
                    }
                }
            },
            "required": ["type", "label", "children", "attributes"],
            "additionalProperties": false
        }
    }

显式递归的示例：

{
	"type": "object",
	"properties": {
		"linked_list": {
			"$ref": "#/$defs/linked_list_node"
		}
	},
	"$defs": {
		"linked_list_node": {
			"type": "object",
			"properties": {
				"value": {
					"type": "number"
				},
				"next": {
					"anyOf": [
						{
							"$ref": "#/$defs/linked_list_node"
						},
						{
							"type": "null"
						}
					]
				}
			},
			"additionalProperties": false,
			"required": [
				"next",
				"value"
			]
		}
	},
	"additionalProperties": false,
	"required": [
		"linked_list"
	]
}

通过