使用 IAuthorizationRequirementData 自定义授权策略

项目
11/30/2023

请考虑以下示例，该示例实现自定义 MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler：

using AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder();

builder.Services.AddAuthentication().AddJwtBearer();
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IAuthorizationHandler, MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler>();

var app = builder.Build();

app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler 类：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Security.Claims;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute>
{
    private readonly ILogger<MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler> _logger;

    public MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler(ILogger<MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    // Check whether a given MinimumAgeRequirement is satisfied or not for a particular
    // context.
    protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
                                               MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute requirement)
    {
        // Log as a warning so that it's very clear in sample output which authorization
        // policies(and requirements/handlers) are in use.
        _logger.LogWarning("Evaluating authorization requirement for age >= {age}",
                                                                    requirement.Age);

        // Check the user's age.
        var dateOfBirthClaim = context.User.FindFirst(c => c.Type == 
                                                                 ClaimTypes.DateOfBirth);
        if (dateOfBirthClaim != null)
        {
            // If the user has a date of birth claim, check their age.
            var dateOfBirth = Convert.ToDateTime(dateOfBirthClaim.Value,
                                                           CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            var age = DateTime.Now.Year - dateOfBirth.Year;
            if (dateOfBirth > DateTime.Now.AddYears(-age))
            {
                // Adjust age if the user hasn't had a birthday yet this year.
                age--;
            }

            // If the user meets the age criterion, mark the authorization requirement
            // succeeded.
            if (age >= requirement.Age)
            {
                _logger.LogInformation(
                    "Minimum age authorization requirement {age} satisfied", 
                      requirement.Age);
                context.Succeed(requirement);
            }
            else
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("Current user's DateOfBirth claim ({dateOfBirth})"
                   + " does not satisfy the minimum age authorization requirement {age}",
                    dateOfBirthClaim.Value,
                    requirement.Age);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("No DateOfBirth claim present");
        }

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

自定义 MinimumAgePolicyProvider：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgePolicyProvider : IAuthorizationPolicyProvider
{
    const string POLICY_PREFIX = "MinimumAge";
    public DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider FallbackPolicyProvider { get; }
    public MinimumAgePolicyProvider(IOptions<AuthorizationOptions> options)
    {
        FallbackPolicyProvider = new DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider(options);
    }
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy> GetDefaultPolicyAsync() => 
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetDefaultPolicyAsync();
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetFallbackPolicyAsync() =>
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetFallbackPolicyAsync();

    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetPolicyAsync(string policyName)
    {
        if (policyName.StartsWith(POLICY_PREFIX, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
            int.TryParse(policyName.Substring(POLICY_PREFIX.Length), out var age))
        {
            var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder(
                                                JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            policy.AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(age));
            return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(policy.Build());
        }

        return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(null);
    }
}

ASP.NET Core 仅使用一个授权策略提供程序。如果自定义实现未处理所有策略（包括默认策略等），则应回退到备用提供程序。在前面的示例中，默认的授权策略提供程序为：

使用依赖项注入容器中的选项构造。
如果此自定义提供程序无法处理给定的策略名称，则使用。

如果自定义策略提供程序能够处理所有预期的策略名称，则不需要将回退策略设置为 GetFallbackPolicyAsync()。

class MinimumAgePolicyProvider : IAuthorizationPolicyProvider
{
    const string POLICY_PREFIX = "MinimumAge";
    public DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider FallbackPolicyProvider { get; }
    public MinimumAgePolicyProvider(IOptions<AuthorizationOptions> options)
    {
        FallbackPolicyProvider = new DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider(options);
    }
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy> GetDefaultPolicyAsync() => 
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetDefaultPolicyAsync();
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetFallbackPolicyAsync() =>
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetFallbackPolicyAsync();

策略按字符串名称查找，因此参数（例如 age）嵌入在策略名称中。开发人员将不通过派生自 AuthorizeAttribute 的更强类型的属性从中抽象化。例如，此示例中的 [MinimumAgeAuthorize()] 属性按字符串名称查找策略。

public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetPolicyAsync(string policyName)
{
    if (policyName.StartsWith(POLICY_PREFIX, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
        int.TryParse(policyName.Substring(POLICY_PREFIX.Length), out var age))
    {
        var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder(
                                            JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        policy.AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(age));
        return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(policy.Build());
    }

    return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(null);
}

MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute 使用允许属性定义指定与授权策略关联的要求的 IAuthorizationRequirementData 接口：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute, IAuthorizationRequirement,
                                     IAuthorizationRequirementData
{
    public MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute(int age) => Age = age;
    public int Age { get; }

    public IEnumerable<IAuthorizationRequirement> GetRequirements()
    {
        yield return this;
    }
}

在满足最低年龄策略时 GreetingsController 显示用户的名称：

using AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Controllers;

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class GreetingsController : Controller
{
    [MinimumAgeAuthorize(16)]
    [HttpGet("hello")]
    public string Hello() => $"Hello {(HttpContext.User.Identity?.Name ?? "world")}!";
}

可以在 AspNetCore.Docs.Samples 存储库的 AuthRequirementsData 文件夹中找到完整的示例。

可以使用 dotnet user-jwts 和 curl 测试示例：

dotnet user-jwts create --claim http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth=1989-01-01
curl -i -H "Authorization: Bearer <token from dotnet user-jwts>" http://localhost:<port>/api/greetings/hello

通过

使用 IAuthorizationRequirementData 自定义授权策略

其他资源