ASP.NET Core Blazor 模板化组件
注意
此版本不是本文的最新版本。 有关当前版本,请参阅本文的 .NET 9 版本。
警告
此版本的 ASP.NET Core 不再受支持。 有关详细信息,请参阅 .NET 和 .NET Core 支持策略。 对于当前版本,请参阅此文的 .NET 8 版本。
作者 Robert Haken
本文介绍模板化组件如何接受一个或多个 UI 模板作为参数,然后将其用作组件呈现逻辑的一部分。
模板化组件
模板化组件是接受一个或多个 UI 模板作为参数的组件,可用于组件的呈现逻辑。 通过使用模板化组件,可以创建更易于重用、更高级别的组件。 示例包括:
- 表组件,用户可通过它指定表的标题、行和页脚的模板。
- 列表组件,用户可通过它指定用于呈现列表中项的模板。
- 一个导航栏组件,允许用户指定用于开始内容和导航链接的模板。
通过指定一个或多个 RenderFragment 或 RenderFragment<TValue> 类型的组件参数来定义模板化组件。 呈现片段,表示要呈现的 UI 段。 RenderFragment<TValue> 采用可在调用呈现片段时指定的类型参数。
注意
有关 RenderFragment 的详细信息,请参阅 ASP.NET Core Razor 组件。
通常,模板化组件是有类型的组件,如以下 TemplatedNavBar
组件 (TemplatedNavBar.razor
) 所示。 以下示例中的泛型类型 (<T>
) 用于呈现 IReadOnlyList<T> 值,在本例中是一个组件的宠物列表,该组件显示带有指向宠物详细信息组件的链接的导航栏。
TemplatedNavBar.razor
:
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default;
[Parameter]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default;
}
@typeparam TItem
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-light bg-light">
<div class="container justify-content-start">
@StartContent
<div class="navbar-nav">
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
@ItemTemplate(item)
}
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment StartContent { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment<TItem> ItemTemplate { get; set; } = default;
[Parameter]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default;
}
在使用模板化组件时,可以使用与参数名称匹配的子元素来指定模板参数。 在下面的示例中,<StartContent>...</StartContent>
和 <ItemTemplate>...</ItemTemplate>
为 TemplatedNavBar
组件的 StartContent
和 ItemTemplate
提供 RenderFragment<TValue> 模板。
如果要为隐式子内容指定内容参数名称(不包含任何包装子元素),请在组件元素上指定 Context
属性。 在下面的示例中,Context
属性显示在 TemplatedNavBar
元素上,并应用于所有 RenderFragment<TValue> 模板参数。
Pets1.razor
:
@page "/pets-1"
<PageTitle>Pets 1</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-1")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-1"
<PageTitle>Pets 1</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-1")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-1"
<PageTitle>Pets 1</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-1")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-1"
<PageTitle>Pets 1</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-1"
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-1"
<h1>Pets Example 1</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
或者,您可以使用 RenderFragment<TValue> 子元素上的 Context
特性更改参数名称。 在下面的示例中,Context
是在 ItemTemplate
上设置的,而不是 TemplatedNavBar
。
Pets2.razor
:
@page "/pets-2"
<PageTitle>Pets 2</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-2")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-2"
<PageTitle>Pets 2</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-2")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-2"
<PageTitle>Pets 2</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-2")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-2"
<PageTitle>Pets 2</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-2"
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-2"
<h1>Pets Example 2</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate Context="pet">
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
类型为 RenderFragment<TValue> 的组件参数具有一个名为 context
的隐式参数,可使用该参数。 在以下示例中,没有设置 Context
。 @context.{PROPERTY}
向模板提供宠物值,其中 {PROPERTY}
是一个 Pet
属性:
Pets3.razor
:
@page "/pets-3"
<PageTitle>Pets 3</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-3")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-3"
<PageTitle>Pets 3</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-3")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-3"
<PageTitle>Pets 3</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-3")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-3"
<PageTitle>Pets 3</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-3"
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-3"
<h1>Pets Example 3</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{context.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@context.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
使用泛型类型组件时,将在可能的情况下推断类型参数。 但是,可以使用名称与类型参数匹配的属性(上文示例中的 TItem
)显式指定类型:
Pets4.razor
:
@page "/pets-4"
<PageTitle>Pets 4</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-4")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-4"
<PageTitle>Pets 4</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-4")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-4"
<PageTitle>Pets 4</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}?ReturnUrl=%2Fpets-4")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-4"
<PageTitle>Pets 4</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-4"
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-4"
<h1>Pets Example 4</h1>
<TemplatedNavBar Items="pets" Context="pet" TItem="Pet">
<StartContent>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PetsApp</a>
</StartContent>
<ItemTemplate>
<NavLink href="@($"/pet-detail/{pet.PetId}")" class="nav-link">
@pet.Name
</NavLink>
</ItemTemplate>
</TemplatedNavBar>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 4, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 7, Name = "K-9" }
};
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
TemplatedNavBar
组件 (TemplatedNavBar.razor
) 中提供的示例假设 Items
集合在初始呈现后不会更改;或者,如果它确实发生更改,则无需维持 ItemTemplate
中使用的组件/元素的状态。 有关无法预测此类使用情况的模板化组件,请参阅使用 @key
保留关系部分。
使用 @key
保留关系
模板化组件通常用于呈现项集合,例如表格或列表。 在这种一般情况下,我们不能假设用户将避免项模板定义中的有状态组件/元素,或者不会对 Items
集合进行其他更改。 对于此类模板化组件,必须使用 @key
指令属性保留关系。
注意
有关 @key
指令属性的详细信息,请参阅在 ASP.NET Core Blazor 中保留元素、组件和模型关系。
以下 TableTemplate
组件 (TableTemplate.razor
) 演示了一个使用 @key
保留关系的模板化组件。
TableTemplate.razor
:
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default!;
[Parameter, EditorRequired]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default!;
}
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default;
[Parameter]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default;
}
@typeparam TItem
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>@TableHeader</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Items)
{
<tr @key="@item">@RowTemplate(item)</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
@code {
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment TableHeader { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment<TItem> RowTemplate { get; set; } = default;
[Parameter]
public IReadOnlyList<TItem> Items { get; set; } = default;
}
考虑以下 Pets5
组件 (Pets5.razor
),它演示了键入数据以保留模型关系的重要性。 在组件中,在 OnAfterRenderAsync
中添加宠物的每次迭代都会导致 Blazor 重新呈现 TableTemplate
组件。
Pets5.razor
:
@page "/pets-5"
<PageTitle>Pets 5</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-5"
<PageTitle>Pets 5</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-5"
<PageTitle>Pets 5</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-5"
<PageTitle>Pets 5</PageTitle>
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-5"
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
@page "/pets-5"
<h1>Pets Example 5</h1>
<TableTemplate Items="pets" Context="pet">
<TableHeader>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
</TableHeader>
<RowTemplate>
<td><input value="@pet.PetId" /></td>
<td><input value="@pet.Name" /></td>
</RowTemplate>
</TableTemplate>
@code {
private List<Pet> pets = new()
{
new Pet { PetId = 1, Name = "Mr. Bigglesworth" },
new Pet { PetId = 2, Name = "Salem Saberhagen" },
new Pet { PetId = 3, Name = "K-9" }
};
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// Insert new pet every 5 seconds
if (pets.Count < 10)
{
await Task.Delay(5000);
pets.Insert(0, new Pet() { PetId = pets.Count + 1, Name = "<new pet>" });
StateHasChanged();
}
}
private class Pet
{
public int PetId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
此演示使你可以:
- 从多个呈现的表格行中选择
<input>
。 - 随着宠物集合自动增长,研究页面焦点的行为。
如果不在 TableTemplate
组件中使用 @key
指令属性,页面的焦点将保留在表格的同一索引位置(行)上,导致每次添加宠物时焦点都会发生移动。 若要演示这一点,请删除 @key
指令属性和值,重启应用,然后尝试在添加项时修改字段值。