避免覆盖 ASP.NET Core Blazor 中的参数
注意
此版本不是本文的最新版本。 有关当前版本,请参阅本文的 .NET 9 版本。
警告
此版本的 ASP.NET Core 不再受支持。 有关详细信息,请参阅 .NET 和 .NET Core 支持策略。 对于当前版本,请参阅此文的 .NET 8 版本。
作者 Robert Haken
本文介绍如何在重新呈现期间避免在 Blazor 应用中覆盖参数。
重写参数
Blazor 框架通常会施加安全的父级到子级参数的赋值:
- 不会意外覆盖参数。
- 最大程度地减少副作用。 例如,可避免附加的呈现,因为它们可能会创建无限的呈现循环。
当父组件重新呈现时,子组件会接收可能覆盖现有值的新参数值。 当开发带有一个或多个数据绑定参数的组件,并且开发人员直接写入子组件中的参数时,经常会发生意外覆盖子组件中的参数值:
- 子组件通过父组件中的一个或多个参数值呈现。
- 子级直接写入参数的值。
- 父组件重新呈现并覆盖子参数的值。
覆盖参数值的可能性也会延伸到子组件的属性 set
访问器中。
重要
我们的通用指南不是创建在首次呈现后直接向自身参数写入的组件。
请考虑使用以下 ShowMoreExpander
组件,它们会:
- 呈现标题。
- 选中时显示子内容。
- 允许使用组件参数 (
InitiallyExpanded
) 设置初始状态。
在下面的 ShowMoreExpander
组件演示了已覆盖参数之后,会显示修改后的 ShowMoreExpander
组件以演示此方案的正确方法。 下面的示例可以放置在本地示例应中,以体验所述的行为。
ShowMoreExpander.razor
:
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore() => InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore() => InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore()
{
InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore()
{
InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore()
{
InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (InitiallyExpanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
private void ShowMore()
{
InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
}
ShowMoreExpander
组件会添加到可调用 StateHasChanged 的以下 Expanders
父组件中:
- 在开发人员代码中调用 StateHasChanged 会向组件通知其状态已更改,并且通常会将组件重新呈现加入队列以更新 UI。 StateHasChanged 稍后将在 ASP.NET Core Razor 组件生命周期和 ASP.NET Core Razor 组件呈现中详细介绍。
- 按钮的
@onclick
指令特性会将事件处理程序附加到按钮的onclick
事件。 稍后在 ASP.NET Core Blazor 事件处理中更详细地介绍事件处理。
Expanders.razor
:
@page "/expanders"
<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"
<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"
<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"
<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"
<h1>Expanders Example</h1>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>
<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
最初,在设置 InitiallyExpanded
属性时,ShowMoreExpander
组件独立地作出行为。 子组件会按预期方式维护其状态。
如果在父组件中调用 StateHasChanged,则 Blazor 框架会重新呈现子组件(如果其参数可能已更改):
- 对于 Blazor 显式检查的一组参数类型,如果 Blazor 检测到有任何参数发生更改,则会重新呈现子组件。
- 对于未选中的参数类型,无论参数是否发生更改,Blazor 都会呈现子组件。 子内容属于此类参数类型,因为子内容属于 RenderFragment 类型,它是引用其他可变对象的委托。
对于 Expanders
组件:
- 第一个
ShowMoreExpander
组件在可能可变的 RenderFragment 中设置子内容,因此在父组件中调用 StateHasChanged 会自动重新呈现该组件,并可能将InitiallyExpanded
的值覆盖为其初始值false
。 - 第二个
ShowMoreExpander
组件未设置子内容。 因此,不存在可能可变的 RenderFragment。 在父组件中调用 StateHasChanged 不会自动呈现子内容,因此组件的InitiallyExpanded
值不会被覆盖。
要维持在前述情况中的状态,请在 ShowMoreExpander
组件中使用私有字段来保留它的状态。
以下经修定的 ShowMoreExpander
组件:
- 接受父项中的
InitiallyExpanded
组件参数值。 - 将组件参数值分配给
OnInitialized
事件中的私有字段 (expanded
)。 - 使用私有字段来维护其内部切换状态,该状态演示如何避免直接写入参数。
注意
此部分中的建议可扩展到组件参数 set
访问器中的类似逻辑,这可能会产生类似的不良副作用。
ShowMoreExpander.razor
:
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized() => expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
private void Expand() => expanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized() => expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
private void Expand() => expanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
}
private void Expand()
{
expanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
}
private void Expand()
{
expanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
}
private void Expand()
{
expanded = true;
}
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
private bool expanded;
[Parameter]
public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
}
private void Expand()
{
expanded = true;
}
}
注意
修改后的 ShowMoreExpander
不会反映初始化后对 InitiallyExpanded
参数的更改 (OnInitialized
)。 在某些情况下,已初始化的组件可能会接收新的参数值。 例如,在使用相同组件呈现不同详细信息视图的主从视图中,或者当 /item/{id}
路由参数更改以显示不同的项目时,可能会发生这种情况。
请考虑使用以下 ToggleExpander
组件,它们会:
- 允许从内部和外部更改状态。
- 即使重复使用同一组件实例,也处理新的参数值。
ToggleExpander.razor
:
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet() => expanded = Expanded;
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet() => expanded = Expanded;
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet()
{
expanded = Expanded;
}
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet()
{
expanded = Expanded;
}
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet()
{
expanded = Expanded;
}
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
<div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
<h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
</div>
@if (expanded)
{
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
</div>
}
</div>
@code {
[Parameter]
public bool Expanded { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }
private bool expanded;
protected override void OnParametersSet()
{
expanded = Expanded;
}
private async void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
}
}
ToggleExpander
组件应与 @bind-Expanded="{field}"
绑定语法一起使用,从而支持对参数进行双向同步。
ExpandersToggle.razor
:
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle() => expanded = !expanded;
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle() => expanded = !expanded;
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
}
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
}
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
}
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"
<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>
<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
Expander content
</ToggleExpander>
<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>
<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@code {
private bool expanded;
private void Toggle()
{
expanded = !expanded;
}
}
有关父母子女绑定的详细信息,请参阅以下资源:
有关更改检测的详细信息,包括有关 Blazor 检查的完全匹配类型的信息,请参阅 ASP.NET Core Razor 组件呈现。