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Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part VI - Version 2 performance counters (Part IV: Garbage Collector counters)

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Today's post is the fourth in the series of .NET Compact Framework v2 performance counters.  For a complete listing of the previous installments, please see the list below.

Pre-requisite:
Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part I - Enabling performance counters
.NET Compact Framework Version 1:
Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part II - Version 1 performance counters
.NET Compact Framework Version 2:
Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part III - Version 2 performance counters (Part I: Loader counters)
Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part IV - Version 2 performance counters (Part II: Generics counters)
Monitoring Application Performance on the .NET Compact Framework Part V - Version 2 performance counters (Part III: Locks and Threads counters)

The following table lists all of the performance counters available in version 2 of the .NET Compact Framework.  The counters highlighted, in yellow, are the ones I will be talking about today.

Loader
  Total Program Run Time (ms)
  App Domains Created
  App Domains Unloaded
  Assemblies Loaded
  Classes Loaded
  Methods Loaded
Generics
  Closed Types Loaded
  Closed Types Loaded per Definition
  Open Types Loaded
  Closed Methods Loaded
  Closed Methods Loaded per Definition
  Open Methods Loaded
Locks and Threads
  Threads in Thread Pool
  Pending Timers
  Scheduled Timers
  Timers Delayed by Thread Pool Limit
  Work Items Queued
  Uncontested Monitor.Enter Calls
  Contested Monitor.Enter Calls
Garbage Collector
  Peak Bytes Allocated (native + managed)
  Managed Objects Allocated
  Managed Bytes Allocated
  Managed String Objects Allocated
  Bytes of String Objects Allocated
  Garbage Collections (GC)
  Bytes Collected By GC
  Managed Bytes In Use After GC
  Total Bytes In Use After GC
  GC Compactions
  Code Pitchings
  Calls to GC.Collect
  GC Latency Time (ms)
  Pinned Objects
  Objects Moved by Compactor
  Objects Not Moved by Compactor
  Objects Finalized
  Boxed Value Types
  Process Heap
  Short Term Heap
  JIT Heap
  App Domain Heap
  GC Heap
JIT Compiler
  Native Bytes Jitted
  Methods Jitted
  Bytes Pitched
  Methods Pitched
  Method Pitch Latency Time (ms)
Exceptions
  Exceptions Thrown
Interop
  Platform Invoke Calls
  COM Calls Using a vtable
  COM Calls Using IDispatch
  Complex Marshaling
  Runtime Callable Wrappers
Networking
  Socket Bytes Sent
  Socket Bytes Received
Windows.Forms
  Controls Created
  Brushes Created
  Pens Created
  Bitmaps Created
  Regions Created
  Fonts Created
  Graphics Created (FromImage)
  Graphics Created (CreateGraphics)

The statistics file includes running totals, the most recent value (last datum), count (n), average (mean), minimum and maximum values for the counters. I've included an example file at the end of this post. For counters where a given column is not relevant, a hyphen (-) is logged.

I will use the following format to describe each counter.
Counter name
Brief description of the counter
Discussion of the contents of relevant columns (total, last datum, n, mean, min, max)
Any additional comments relating to the counter

Garbage Collector Counters
Today's counters relate to memory usage and the .NET Compact Framework Garbage Collector.  From version 1 to version 2, the Garbage Collector counters have been refined a great deal.  The version 2 counters provide significantly more detailed insight into application memory usage and make identifying memory related performance issues much easier.

For information on the .NET Compact Framework Garbage Collector, please see Steven Pratschner's post: An Overview of the .NET Compact Framework Garbage Collector.

Peak Bytes Allocated (native + managed)
The maximum number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework including both native and managed memory.
total: The largest number of bytes used at any time during the runtime of the application

Managed Objects Allocated
The count of all managed objects that have been allocated (including unused objects).
total: Running total of managed objects allocated

Managed Bytes Allocated
The count of bytes allocated for managed objects.
total: Running total of bytes allocated
last datum: The size of the most recent allocation
n: The number of allocations
mean: The average size of the allocations
min: The smallest number of bytes allocated
max: The largest number of bytes allocated

Managed String Objects Allocated
The count of string objects that have been allocated.
total: Running total of managed string objects

Bytes of String Objects Allocated
The count of bytes allocated for managed string objects.
total: Running total of bytes allocated

Garbage Collections (GC)
The number of times the Garbage Collector ran during the run time of your application.
total: Running total of collections

Bytes Collected By GC
The count of bytes collected by the Garbage Collector.
total: Running total of bytes collected by the Garbage Collector
last datum: The size of the most recent collection
n: The number of collections
mean: The average size of the collections
min: The size of the smallest collection
max: The size of the largest collection

Managed Bytes In Use After GC
The number of bytes allocated to live objects after the Garbage Collector has run.
last datum: The number of managed bytes in use after the most recent collection
n: The number of collections
mean: The average number of bytes in use after the collections
min: The fewest number of bytes in use after a collection
max: The largest number of bytes in use after a collection

Total Bytes In Use After GC
The number of bytes (managed and native) in use after the Garbage Collector has run
last datum: The number of bytes in use after the most recent collection
n: The number of collections
mean: The average number of bytes in use after the collections
min: The fewest number of bytes in use after a collection
max: The largest number of bytes in use after a collection

GC Compactions
The number of times the Garbage Collector has compacted the heap.
total: Running total of heap compactions by the Garbage Collector

Code Pitchings
The number of times the Garbage Collector has pitched Just-In-Time (JIT) compiled code.
total: Running total of code pitchings

Calls to GC.Collect
The number of times the application has called the GC.Collect() method
total: Running total of calls to GC.Collect()
For a detailed discussion of the issues surrounding GC.Collect(), please see Scott Holden's post: The perils of GC.Collect.

GC Latency Time (ms)
The time (in milliseconds) that the Garbage Collector has taken to run.
total: Running total of time spent in collection
last datum: The time it took for the most recent collection to complete
n: The number of garbage collections
mean: The average time spent in collections
min: The shortest time it took to perform a collection
max: The longest time it took to perform a collection
Please note that the latency time of the Garbage Collector includes collection of managed objects which are no longer in scope and the compaction (if necessary) of the GC Heap.

Pinned Objects
The number of pinned objects that were encountered by the Garbage Collector.
total: Running total of pinned objects
Pinned objects are objects whose locations in memory cannot change.  A good example of such an object is a memory buffer that is being used to communicate between managed and unmanaged (native) code.  Pinned objects cannot be moved by the Garbage Collector during heap compaction.

Objects Moved by Compactor
The count of objects that were moved by the Garbage Collector during a compaction.
total: Running total of objects moved during compaction

Objects Not Moved by Compactor
The count of objects that cannot be moved or were not moved by the Garbage Collector during a compaction.
total: Running total of objects not moved during compaction
Objects might not be moved for a number of reasons.  Some objects cannot be moved (this is rare).  Other objects are not moved because they are in a portion of the heap which does not need to be compacted.

Objects Finalized
The number of objects for which a finalizer has been run.
total: Running total of finalized objects
More information on the Finalize method can be found in the .NET Programmers Reference on MSDN.  A good discussion on implementing finalization in your objects can be found in the Implementing Finalize and Dispose to Clean Up Unmanaged Resources article (also on MSDN).

Boxed Value Types
The number of value types that have been boxed.
total: Running total of boxed value types
A good reference on boxing of value types can be found in the C# Programmers Reference on MSDN.  Scott Holden also has a nice discussion on The cost of value types in the .NET Compact Framework.

Process Heap
The number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework Common Language Runtime's default heap.
last datum: The current number of bytes in the heap
n: The number of allocations in the heap
mean: The average number of bytes in the heap
min: The smallest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
max: The largest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
The Process Heap contains memory allocated by the .NET Compact Framework's Common Language Runtime that does not fit into the other heaps (Short Term, JIT, App Domain, GC).

Short Term Heap
The number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework Common Language Runtime's short term heap.
last datum: The current number of bytes in the heap
n: The number of allocations in the heap
mean: The average number of bytes in the heap
min: The smallest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
max: The largest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
The Short Term Heap contains memory allocated by the .NET Compact Framework Common Language Runtime for short lived (temporary) use.

JIT Heap
The number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler's heap.
last datum: The current number of bytes in the heap
n: The number of allocations in the heap
mean: The average number of bytes in the heap
min: The smallest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
max: The largest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
The JIT heap contains the native code generated when the .NET Compact Framework Just-In-Time compiler compiles a managed method.  JIT compilation occurs whenever a managed method is executed for the first time (or the first time a method is executed after a code pitching).

App Domain Heap
The number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework Common Language Runtime's App Domain heap.
last datum: The current number of bytes in the heap
n: The number of allocations in the heap
mean: The average number of bytes in the heap
min: The smallest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
max: The largest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
The App Domain Heap contains the dynamic representation of metadata used by the .NET Compact Framework Common Language Runtime's assembly loader.

GC Heap
The number of bytes in use by the .NET Compact Framework's Garbage Collector heap.
last datum: The current number of bytes in the heap
n: The number of allocations in the heap
mean: The average number of bytes in the heap
min: The smallest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
max: The largest number of bytes in the heap (throughout the runtime of the application)
The GC Heap contains memory allocated by applications and the .NET Compact Framework.

Example statistics file
I have highlighted the counters discussed here with a yellow background.

counter total last datum n mean min max
Total Program Run Time (ms) 2956837 - - - - -
App Domains Created 1 - - - - -
App Domains Unloaded 1 - - - - -
Assemblies Loaded 8 - - - - -
Classes Loaded 975 - - - - -
Methods Loaded 3015 - - - - -
Closed Types Loaded 75 - - - - -
Closed Types Loaded per Definition 75 3 22 3 1 10
Open Types Loaded 13 - - - - -
Closed Methods Loaded 3 - - - - -
Closed Methods Loaded per Definition 3 1 3 1 1 1
Open Methods Loaded 0 - - - - -
Threads in Thread Pool - 0 2 0 0 1
Pending Timers - 0 4 0 0 1
Scheduled Timers 2 - - - - -
Timers Delayed by Thread Pool Limit 0 - - - - -
Work Items Queued 2 - - - - -
Uncontested Monitor.Enter Calls 664 - - - - -
Contested Monitor.Enter Calls 0 - - - - -
Peak Bytes Allocated (native + managed) 2789048 - - - - -
Managed Objects Allocated 25883 - - - - -
Managed Bytes Allocated 1366120 24 25883 52 8 135796
Managed String Objects Allocated 5360 - - - - -
Bytes of String Objects Allocated 124412 - - - - -
Garbage Collections (GC) 1 - - - - -
Bytes Collected By GC 897140 897140 1 897140 897140 897140
Managed Bytes In Use After GC - 147292 1 147292 147292 147292
Total Bytes In Use After GC - 2621848 1 2621848 2621848 2621848
GC Compactions 0 - - - - -
Code Pitchings 0 - - - - -
Calls to GC.Collect 0 - - - - -
GC Latency Time (ms) 46 46 1 46 46 46
Pinned Objects 0 - - - - -
Objects Moved by Compactor 0 - - - - -
Objects Not Moved by Compactor 0 - - - - -
Objects Finalized 82 - - - - -
Boxed Value Types 3273 - - - - -
Process Heap - 1280 7484 198308 72 330016
Short Term Heap - 0 6382 963 0 42136
JIT Heap - 0 6402 421097 0 876976
App Domain Heap - 0 18679 324926 0 523240
GC Heap - 0 30 527974 0 1060864
Native Bytes Jitted 844928 208 1963 430 84 9684
Methods Jitted 1963 - - - - -
Bytes Pitched 0 0 0 0 0 0
Methods Pitched 0 - - - - -
Method Pitch Latency Time (ms) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exceptions Thrown 4 - - - - -
Platform Invoke Calls 0 - - - - -
COM Calls Using a vtable 0 - - - - -
COM Calls Using IDispatch 0 - - - - -
Complex Marshaling 367 - - - - -
Runtime Callable Wrappers 0 - - - - -
Socket Bytes Sent 0 - - - - -
Socket Bytes Received 0 - - - - -
Controls Created 13 - - - - -
Brushes Created 23 - - - - -
Pens Created 8 - - - - -
Bitmaps Created 16 - - - - -
Regions Created 0 - - - - -
Fonts Created 7 - - - - -
Graphics Created (FromImage) 0 - - - - -
Graphics Created (CreateGraphics) 0 - - - - -

In the next part of this series, I will talk about the .NET Compact Framework v2's JIT Compiler performance counters.

Take care,
-- DK

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Disclaimer(s):
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