How to: Create a Custom Authorization Policy
The Identity Model infrastructure in Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) supports a claim-based authorization model. Claims are extracted from tokens, optionally processed by custom authorization policy, and then placed into an AuthorizationContext that can then be examined to make authorization decisions. A custom policy can be used to transform claims from incoming tokens into claims expected by the application. In this way, the application layer can be insulated from the details on the differing claims served up by the different token types that WCF supports. This topic shows how to implement a custom authorization policy and how to add that policy to the collection of policies used by a service.
To implement a custom authorization policy
Define a new class that derives from IAuthorizationPolicy.
Implement the read-only Id property by generating a unique string in the constructor for the class and returning that string whenever the property is accessed.
Implement the read-only Issuer property by returning a ClaimSet that represents the policy issuer. This could be a
ClaimSetthat represents the application or a built-inClaimSet(for example, theClaimSetreturned by the static System property.Implement the Evaluate(EvaluationContext, Object) method as described in the following procedure.
To implement the Evaluate method
Two parameters are passed to this method: an instance of the EvaluationContext class and an object reference.
If the custom authorization policy adds ClaimSet instances without regard to the current content of the EvaluationContext, then add each
ClaimSetby calling the AddClaimSet(IAuthorizationPolicy, ClaimSet) method and returntruefrom the Evaluate method. Returningtrueindicates to the authorization infrastructure that the authorization policy has performed its work and does not need to be called again.If the custom authorization policy adds claim sets only if certain claims are already present in the
EvaluationContext, then look for those claims by examining theClaimSetinstances returned by the ClaimSets property. If the claims are present, then add the new claim sets by calling the AddClaimSet(IAuthorizationPolicy, ClaimSet) method and, if no more claim sets are to be added, returntrue, indicating to the authorization infrastructure that the authorization policy has completed its work. If the claims are not present, returnfalse, indicating that the authorization policy should be called again if other authorization policies add more claim sets to theEvaluationContext.In more complex processing scenarios, the second parameter of the Evaluate(EvaluationContext, Object) method is used to store a state variable that the authorization infrastructure will pass back during each subsequent call to the Evaluate(EvaluationContext, Object) method for a particular evaluation.
To specify a custom authorization policy through configuration
Specify the type of the custom authorization policy in the
policyTypeattribute in theaddelement in theauthorizationPolicieselement in theserviceAuthorizationelement.<configuration> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceAuthorization serviceAuthorizationManagerType= "Samples.MyServiceAuthorizationManager" > <authorizationPolicies> <add policyType="Samples.MyAuthorizationPolicy" /> </authorizationPolicies> </serviceAuthorization> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> </configuration>
To specify a custom authorization policy through code
Create a List<T> of IAuthorizationPolicy.
Create an instance of the custom authorization policy.
Add the authorization policy instance to the list.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each custom authorization policy.
Assign a read-only version of the list to the ExternalAuthorizationPolicies property.
// Add a custom authorization policy to the service authorization behavior. List<IAuthorizationPolicy> policies = new List<IAuthorizationPolicy>(); policies.Add(new MyAuthorizationPolicy()); serviceHost.Authorization.ExternalAuthorizationPolicies = policies.AsReadOnly();' Add custom authorization policy to service authorization behavior. Dim policies As List(Of IAuthorizationPolicy) = New List(Of IAuthorizationPolicy)() policies.Add(New MyAuthorizationPolicy()) serviceHost.Authorization.ExternalAuthorizationPolicies = policies.AsReadOnly()
Example
The following example shows a complete IAuthorizationPolicy implementation.
public class MyAuthorizationPolicy : IAuthorizationPolicy
{
string id;
public MyAuthorizationPolicy()
{
id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public bool Evaluate(EvaluationContext evaluationContext, ref object state)
{
bool bRet = false;
CustomAuthState customstate = null;
// If the state is null, then this has not been called before so
// set up a custom state.
if (state == null)
{
customstate = new CustomAuthState();
state = customstate;
}
else
{
customstate = (CustomAuthState)state;
}
// If claims have not been added yet...
if (!customstate.ClaimsAdded)
{
// Create an empty list of claims.
IList<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();
// Iterate through each of the claim sets in the evaluation context.
foreach (ClaimSet cs in evaluationContext.ClaimSets)
// Look for Name claims in the current claimset.
foreach (Claim c in cs.FindClaims(ClaimTypes.Name, Rights.PossessProperty))
// Get the list of operations the given username is allowed to call.
foreach (string s in GetAllowedOpList(c.Resource.ToString()))
{
// Add claims to the list.
claims.Add(new Claim("http://example.org/claims/allowedoperation", s, Rights.PossessProperty));
Console.WriteLine("Claim added {0}", s);
}
// Add claims to the evaluation context.
evaluationContext.AddClaimSet(this, new DefaultClaimSet(this.Issuer, claims));
// Record that claims were added.
customstate.ClaimsAdded = true;
// Return true, indicating that this method does not need to be called again.
bRet = true;
}
else
{
// Should never get here, but just in case, return true.
bRet = true;
}
return bRet;
}
public ClaimSet Issuer
{
get { return ClaimSet.System; }
}
public string Id
{
get { return id; }
}
// This method returns a collection of action strings that indicate the
// operations the specified username is allowed to call.
private IEnumerable<string> GetAllowedOpList(string username)
{
IList<string> ret = new List<string>();
if (username == "test1")
{
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add");
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply");
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract");
}
else if (username == "test2")
{
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add");
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract");
}
return ret;
}
// Internal class for keeping track of state.
class CustomAuthState
{
bool bClaimsAdded;
public CustomAuthState()
{
bClaimsAdded = false;
}
public bool ClaimsAdded
{
get { return bClaimsAdded; }
set { bClaimsAdded = value; }
}
}
}
Public Class MyAuthorizationPolicy
Implements IAuthorizationPolicy
Private id_Value As String
Public Sub New()
id_Value = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()
End Sub
Public Function Evaluate(ByVal evaluationContext As EvaluationContext, ByRef state As Object) As Boolean _
Implements IAuthorizationPolicy.Evaluate
Dim bRet As Boolean = False
Dim customstate As CustomAuthState = Nothing
' If the state is null, then this has not been called before, so set up
' our custom state.
If state Is Nothing Then
customstate = New CustomAuthState()
state = customstate
Else
customstate = CType(state, CustomAuthState)
End If
' If claims have not been added yet...
If Not customstate.ClaimsAdded Then
' Create an empty list of Claims.
Dim claims as IList(Of Claim) = New List(Of Claim)()
' Iterate through each of the claimsets in the evaluation context.
Dim cs As ClaimSet
For Each cs In evaluationContext.ClaimSets
' Look for Name claims in the current claimset...
Dim c As Claim
For Each c In cs.FindClaims(ClaimTypes.Name, Rights.PossessProperty)
' Get the list of operations that the given username is allowed to call.
Dim s As String
For Each s In GetAllowedOpList(c.Resource.ToString())
' Add claims to the list.
claims.Add(New Claim("http://example.org/claims/allowedoperation", s, Rights.PossessProperty))
Console.WriteLine("Claim added {0}", s)
Next s
Next c
Next cs ' Add claims to the evaluation context.
evaluationContext.AddClaimSet(Me, New DefaultClaimSet(Me.Issuer, claims))
' Record that claims were added.
customstate.ClaimsAdded = True
' Return true, indicating that this does not need to be called again.
bRet = True
Else
' Should never get here, but just in case...
bRet = True
End If
Return bRet
End Function
Public ReadOnly Property Issuer() As ClaimSet Implements IAuthorizationPolicy.Issuer
Get
Return ClaimSet.System
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Id() As String Implements IAuthorizationPolicy.Id
Get
Return id_Value
End Get
End Property
' This method returns a collection of action strings that indicate the
' operations the specified username is allowed to call.
' Operations the specified username is allowed to call.
Private Function GetAllowedOpList(ByVal userName As String) As IEnumerable(Of String)
Dim ret As IList(Of String) = new List(Of String)()
If username = "test1" Then
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add")
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply")
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract")
ElseIf username = "test2" Then
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add")
ret.Add("http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract")
End If
Return ret
End Function
' internal class for keeping track of state
Class CustomAuthState
Private bClaimsAdded As Boolean
Public Sub New()
bClaimsAdded = False
End Sub
Public Property ClaimsAdded() As Boolean
Get
Return bClaimsAdded
End Get
Set
bClaimsAdded = value
End Set
End Property
End Class
End Class