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Get started with Azure Automation State Configuration

  • บทความ

Note

Azure Automation State Configuration will be retired on September 30, 2027, please transition to Azure Machine Configuration by that date. For more information, see the blog post announcement. The Azure Machine Configuration service combines features of DSC Extension, Azure Automation State Configuration, and the most commonly requested features from customer feedback. Azure Machine Configuration also includes hybrid machine support through Arc-enabled servers.

Caution

Azure Automation DSC for Linux has retired on 30 September 2023. For more information, see the announcement.

This article provides a step-by-step guide for doing the most common tasks with Azure Automation State Configuration, such as:

  • creating, importing, and compiling configurations
  • enabling machines to manage
  • viewing reports

For an overview State Configuration, see State Configuration overview. For Desired State Configuration (DSC) documentation, see Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration Overview.

If you want a sample environment that is already set up without following the steps described in this article, you can use the Azure Automation Managed Node template. This template sets up a complete State Configuration (DSC) environment, including an Azure virtual machine managed by State Configuration (DSC).

Prerequisites

To complete the examples in this article, the following are required:

Create a DSC configuration

You create a simple DSC configuration that ensures either the presence or absence of the Web-Server Windows Feature (IIS), depending on how you assign nodes.

Configuration names in Azure Automation must be limited to no more than 100 characters.

  1. Start VS Code (or any text editor).

  2. Type the following text:

    configuration TestConfig
{
    Node IsWebServer
    {
        WindowsFeature IIS
        {
            Ensure               = 'Present'
            Name                 = 'Web-Server'
            IncludeAllSubFeature = $true
        }
    }

    Node NotWebServer
    {
        WindowsFeature IIS
        {
            Ensure               = 'Absent'
            Name                 = 'Web-Server'
        }
    }
}

  3. Save the file as TestConfig.ps1.

This configuration calls one resource in each node block, the WindowsFeature resource. This resource ensures either the presence or absence of the Web-Server feature.

Import a configuration into Azure Automation

Next, you import the configuration into the Automation account.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Configurations tab, then select Add.

  5. On the Import Configuration pane, browse to the TestConfig.ps1 file on your computer.

    Screenshot of the Import Configuration blade

  6. Select OK.

View a configuration in Azure Automation

After you import a configuration, you can view it in the Azure portal.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Configurations tab, then select the name of the configuration you imported in the previous procedure, TestConfig.

  5. On the TestConfig Configuration pane, select View configuration source.

    Screenshot of the TestConfig configuration blade

    A TestConfig Configuration source pane opens, displaying the PowerShell code for the configuration.

Compile a configuration in Azure Automation

Before you can apply a desired state to a node, a DSC configuration defining that state must be compiled into one or more node configurations (MOF document), and placed on the Automation DSC Pull Server. For a more detailed description of compiling configurations in State Configuration (DSC), see Compile configurations in Azure Automation State Configuration. For more information about compiling configurations, see DSC Configurations.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Configurations tab, then select the name of the previously imported configuration, TestConfig.

  5. To start the compilation job, select Compile on the TestConfig Configuration pane, and then select Yes.

    Screenshot of the TestConfig configuration page highlighting compile button

Note

When you compile a configuration in Azure Automation, it automatically deploys any created node configuration MOF files to the pull server.

View a compilation job

After you start a compilation, you can view it in the Compilation Jobs tile on the Configuration page. The Compilation Jobs tile shows currently running, completed, and failed jobs. When you open a compilation job pane, it shows information about that job including any errors or warnings encountered, input parameters used in the configuration, and compilation logs.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Configurations tab, then select the name of the previously imported configuration, TestConfig.

  5. Under Compilation jobs, select the compilation job to view. A Compilation Job pane opens, labeled with the date when the compilation job was started.

    Screenshot of the Compilation Job page

  6. To see further details about the job, select any tile in the Compilation Job pane.

View node configurations

Successful completion of a compilation job creates one or more new node configurations. A node configuration is a MOF document that you deploy to the pull server. You can view the node configurations in your Automation account on the State configuration (DSC) page. A node configuration has a name with the form ConfigurationName.NodeName.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Compiled configurations tab.

    Screenshot of the Compiled Configurations tab

Enable an Azure Resource Manager VM for management with State Configuration

You can use State Configuration to manage Azure VMs (both classic and Resource Manager), on-premises VMs, Linux machines, AWS VMs, and on-premises physical machines. In this article, you learn how to enable only Azure Resource Manager VMs. For information about enabling other types of machines, see Enable machines for management by Azure Automation State Configuration.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Nodes tab, then select + Add.

    Screenshot of the DSC Nodes page highlighting the Add Azure VM button

  5. On the Virtual Machines pane, select your VM.

  6. On the Virtual machine detail pane, select + Connect.

    Important

    The VM must be an Azure Resource Manager VM running a supported operating system.

  7. On the Registration page, select the name of the node configuration to apply to the VM in the Node configuration name field. Providing a name at this point is optional. You can change the assigned node configuration after enabling the node.

  8. Check Reboot Node if Needed, then select OK.

    Screenshot of the Registration blade

    The node configuration you specified is applied to the VM at intervals specified by the value provided for Configuration Mode Frequency. The VM checks for updates to the node configuration at intervals specified by the Refresh Frequency value. For more information about how these values are used, see Configuring the Local Configuration Manager.

Azure starts the process of enabling the VM. When complete, the VM shows up in the Nodes tab of the State configuration (DSC) page in the Automation account.

View the list of managed nodes

The Nodes tab of the State configuration (DSC) page contains a list of all machines enabled for management in your Automation account.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.
  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.
  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.
  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Nodes tab.

DSC nodes status values

The DSC node can take any of the following six values as follows:

  • Failed - This status is displayed when an error occurs while applying one or more configurations on a node.
  • Not compliant - This status is displayed when drift occurs on a node and it requires a close review.
  • Unresponsive - This status is displayed when a node hasn't been checked in for more than 24 hours.
  • Pending - This status is displayed when a node has a new configuration to apply and the pull server is waiting for the node to check in.
  • In progress - This status is displayed when a node applies configuration, and the pull server is awaiting status.
  • Compliant - This status is displayed when a node has a valid configuration, and no drift occurs presently.

Note

  • RefreshFrequencyMins - It defines the frequency of node contacting the agent service and can be provided as part of onboarding to DSC. It takes a maximum value of 10080 minutes.
  • Node will be marked as Unresponsive if the node does not contact the agent service for 1440 minutes (1 Day). We recommend that you use RefreshFrequencyMins value < 1440 minutes, else the node would show in a false Unresponsive state.

View reports for managed nodes

Each time State Configuration performs a consistency check on a managed node, the node sends a status report back to the pull server. You can view these reports on the page for that node.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Nodes tab. Here, you can see the overview of Configuration state and the details for each node.

    Screenshot of Node page

  5. While on the Nodes tab, select the node record to open the reporting. Select the report you want to view.

    Screenshot of the Report pane

You can see the following status information for the corresponding consistency check:

  • The report status. Possible values are:
    • Compliant - the node is compliant with the check.
    • Failed - the configuration failed the check.
    • Not Compliant - the node is in ApplyandMonitor mode and the machine isn't in the desired state.
  • The start time for the consistency check.
  • The total runtime for the consistency check.
  • The type of consistency check.
  • Any errors, including the error code and error message.
  • Any DSC resources used in the configuration, and the state of each resource (whether the node is in the desired state for that resource). You can select on each resource to get more detailed information for that resource.
  • The name, IP address, and configuration mode of the node.

You can also select View raw report to see the actual data that the node sends to the server. For more information about using that data, see Using a DSC report server.

It can take some time after a node is enabled before the first report is available. You might need to wait up to 30 minutes for the first report after you enable a node.

Reassign a node to a different node configuration

You can assign a node to use a different node configuration than the one you initially assigned.

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. On the left, select All resources and then the name of your Automation account.

  3. On the Automation account page, select State configuration (DSC) under Configuration Management.

  4. On the State configuration (DSC) page, select the Nodes tab.

  5. On the Nodes tab, select on the name of the node you want to reassign.

  6. On the page for that node, select Assign node configuration.

    Screenshot of the Node details page highlighting the Assign node configuration button

  7. On the Assign Node Configuration page, select the node configuration to which you want to assign the node, and then select OK.

    Screenshot of the Assign Node Configuration page

Unregister a node

You can unregister a no if you no longer want State Configuration to manage it. See How to remove a configuration and node from Automation State Configuration.

Next steps