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Guidelines for Writing AddDevice Routines

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Consider the following design guidelines when writing an AddDevice routine:

  • If a filter driver determines its AddDevice routine was called for a device it does not need to service, the filter driver must return STATUS_SUCCESS to allow the rest of the device stack to be loaded for the device. The filter driver does not create a device object nor attach it to the device stack; the filter driver just returns success and allows the rest of the drivers to be added to the stack.

  • A driver must provide storage, usually in the device extension of a device object, for any kernel-defined objects and executive spin locks it uses. A driver also must provide storage for pointers to certain objects obtained from the I/O manager or other system components.

    You might decide to allocate additional system-space memory for the driver's needs, such as for long-term I/O buffers or a lookaside list. If so, an AddDevice routine can call the following routines:

    ExAllocatePoolWithTag for paged or nonpaged system-space memory

    ExInitializePagedLookasideList or ExInitializeNPagedLookasideList to initialize a paged or nonpaged lookaside list

  • If the driver has a device-dedicated thread or waits on any kernel-defined dispatcher objects, the AddDevice routine might initialize kernel dispatcher objects.

  • If the driver uses any executive spin locks or provides the storage for an interrupt spin lock, the AddDevice routine might initialize these spin locks. See Spin Locks for more information.

  • Tighten file-open security when calling IoCreateDevice.

    Specify the FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN characteristic on the call to IoCreateDevice. This characteristic is supported on Windows NT 4.0 SP5 and later. It directs the I/O manager to perform security checks against the device object for all open requests. Vendors should specify this characteristic on calls to IoCreateDevice if the FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN characteristic is not set in the device's class-installer INF or the device's INF and the drivers do not perform their own security checks on opens. (For more information, see Controlling Device Namespace Access.)

    If a driver sets the FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN characteristic when it calls IoCreateDevice, the I/O manager applies the security descriptor of the device object to any relative opens or trailing-filename opens. For example, if FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN is set for \Device\foo, and if \Device\foo can only be opened by the administrator, then \Device\foo\abc can also be opened by the administrator. The I/O manager, however, prevents a normal user from opening \Device\foo and \Device\foo\abc.

    If one driver for a device sets this characteristic, the PnP manager propagates it to all the device objects for the device.

Important

The ExAllocatePool DDIs discussed in this topic have been deprecated in Windows 10, version 2004 and have been replaced by ExAllocatePool2 and ExAllocatePool3. For more information, see Updating deprecated ExAllocatePool calls to ExAllocatePool2 and ExAllocatePool3.