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GRANT Certificate Permissions (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

Grants permissions on a certificate in SQL Server.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Note

This syntax is not supported by serverless SQL pool in Azure Synapse Analytics.

Syntax

GRANT permission  [ ,...n ]    
    ON CERTIFICATE :: certificate_name   
    TO principal [ ,...n ] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]   
    [ AS granting_principal ]

Arguments

permission
Specifies a permission that can be granted on a certificate. Listed below.

ON CERTIFICATE ::certificate_name
Specifies the certificate on which the permission is being granted. The scope qualifier "::" is required.

database_principal
Specifies the principal to which the permission is being granted. One of the following:

  • database user
  • database role
  • application role
  • database user mapped to a Windows login
  • database user mapped to a Windows group
  • database user mapped to a certificate
  • database user mapped to an asymmetric key
  • database user not mapped to a server principal.

GRANT OPTION
Indicates that the principal will also be given the ability to grant the specified permission to other principals.

AS granting_principal
Specifies a principal from which the principal executing this query derives its right to grant the permission. One of the following:

  • database user
  • database role
  • application role
  • database user mapped to a Windows login
  • database user mapped to a Windows group
  • database user mapped to a certificate
  • database user mapped to an asymmetric key
  • database user not mapped to a server principal.

Remarks

A certificate is a database-level securable contained by the database that is its parent in the permissions hierarchy. The most specific and limited permissions that can be granted on a certificate are listed below, together with the more general permissions that include them by implication.

Certificate permission Implied by certificate permission Implied by database permission
CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
TAKE OWNERSHIP CONTROL CONTROL
ALTER CONTROL ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE
REFERENCES CONTROL REFERENCES
VIEW DEFINITION CONTROL VIEW DEFINITION

Permissions

The grantor (or the principal specified with the AS option) must have either the permission itself with GRANT OPTION, or a higher permission that implies the permission being granted.

If using the AS option, these additional requirements apply.

AS granting_principal Additional permission required
Database user IMPERSONATE permission on the user, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database user mapped to a Windows login IMPERSONATE permission on the user, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database user mapped to a Windows group Membership in the Windows group, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database user mapped to a certificate Membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database user mapped to an asymmetric key Membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database user not mapped to any server principal IMPERSONATE permission on the user, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Database role ALTER permission on the role, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.
Application role ALTER permission on the role, membership in the db_securityadmin fixed database role, membership in the db_owner fixed database role, or membership in the sysadmin fixed server role.

Object owners can grant permissions on the objects they own. Principals with CONTROL permission on a securable can grant permission on that securable.

Grantees of CONTROL SERVER permission, such as members of the sysadmin fixed server role, can grant any permission on any securable in the server. Grantees of CONTROL permission on a database, such as members of the db_owner fixed database role, can grant any permission on any securable in the database. Grantees of CONTROL permission on a schema can grant any permission on any object within the schema.

See Also

GRANT (Transact-SQL)
Permissions (Database Engine)
Principals (Database Engine)
CREATE CERTIFICATE (Transact-SQL)
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)
CREATE APPLICATION ROLE (Transact-SQL)
Encryption Hierarchy