SQL Server Native Client Data Source Objects (OLE DB)
Applies to: 
SQL Server
Azure SQL Database
Azure SQL Managed Instance
Azure Synapse Analytics
Analytics Platform System (PDW)
Important
The SQL Server Native Client (often abbreviated SNAC) has been removed from SQL Server 2022 (16.x) and SQL Server Management Studio 19 (SSMS). Both the SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider (SQLNCLI or SQLNCLI11) and the legacy Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server (SQLOLEDB) are not recommended for new development. Switch to the new Microsoft OLE DB Driver (MSOLEDBSQL) for SQL Server going forward.
SQL Server Native Client uses the term data source for the set of OLE DB interfaces used to establish a link to a data store, such as SQL Server. Creating an instance of the data source object of the provider is the first task of a SQL Server Native Client consumer.
Every OLE DB provider declares a class identifier (CLSID) for itself. The CLSID for the SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider is the C/C++ GUID CLSID_SQLNCLI10 (the symbol SQLNCLI_CLSID will resolve to the correct progid in the sqlncli.h file that you reference). With the CLSID, the consumer uses the OLE CoCreateInstance function to manufacture an instance of the data source object.
SQL Server Native Client is an in-process server. Instances of SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider objects are created using the CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER macro to indicate the executable context.
The SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider data source object exposes the OLE DB initialization interfaces that allow the consumer to connect to existing SQL Server databases.
Every connection made through the SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider sets these options automatically:
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_NULL_DFLT_ON ON
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET CONCAT_OF_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
This example uses the class identifier macro to create a SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider data source object and get a reference to its IDBInitialize interface.
IDBInitialize* pIDBInitialize;
HRESULT hr;
hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLNCLI10, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**) &pIDBInitialize);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Perform necessary processing with the interface.
pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize();
pIDBInitialize->Release();
}
else
{
// Display error from CoCreateInstance.
}
With successful creation of an instance of a SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider data source object, the consumer application can continue by initializing the data source and creating sessions. OLE DB sessions present the interfaces that allow data access and manipulation.
The SQL Server Native Client OLE DB provider makes its first connection to a specified instance of SQL Server as part of a successful data source initialization. The connection is maintained as long as a reference is maintained on any data source initialization interface, or until the IDBInitialize::Uninitialize method is called.