MFC: Using Database Classes with Documents and Views
You can use the MFC database classes — DAO or ODBC — with or without the document/view architecture. This topic emphasizes working with documents and views. It explains:
How to write a form-based application using a CRecordView or CDaoRecordView object as the main view on your document.
How to use recordset objects in your documents and views.
Other considerations.
For alternatives, see MFC: Using Database Classes Without Documents and Views.
Writing a Form-Based Application
Many data-access applications are based on forms. The user interface is a form containing controls in which the user examines, enters, or edits data. To make your application form based, use class CRecordView or CDaoRecordView. When you run the MFC Application Wizard and select ODBC client type on the Database Support page, the project uses CRecordView for the view class. The wizards no longer support DAO, so if you want to use CDaoRecordView, you have to code it manually.
In a form-based application, each record view object stores a pointer to a CRecordset or CDaoRecordset object. The framework's record field exchange (RFX) mechanism exchanges data between the recordset and the data source. The dialog data exchange (DDX) mechanism exchanges data between the field data members of the recordset object and the controls on the form. CRecordView or CDaoRecordView also provides default command handler functions for navigating from record to record on the form.
To create a form-based application with the application wizard, see Creating a Forms-Based MFC Application and Database Support, MFC Application Wizard.
For a full discussion of forms, see Record Views.
Using Recordsets in Documents and Views
Many simple form-based applications do not need documents. If your application is more complex, you probably want to use a document as a proxy for the database, storing a CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object that connects to the data source. Form-based applications usually store a pointer to a recordset object in the view. Other kinds of database applications store recordsets and CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object in the document. Here are some possibilities for using documents in database applications:
If you are accessing a recordset in a local context, create a CRecordset or CDaoRecordset object locally in member functions of the document or the view, as needed.
Declare a recordset object as a local variable in a function. Pass NULL to the constructor, which causes the framework to create and open a temporary CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object for you. As an alternative, pass a pointer to a CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object. Use the recordset within the function and let it be destroyed automatically when the function exits.
When you pass NULL to a recordset constructor, the framework uses information returned by the recordset's GetDefaultConnect member function to create a CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object and open it. The wizards implement GetDefaultConnect for you.
If you are accessing a recordset during the lifetime of your document, embed one or more CRecordset or CDaoRecordset objects in your document.
Construct the recordset objects either when you initialize the document or as needed. You might write a function that returns a pointer to the recordset if it already exists or constructs and opens the recordset if it does not exist yet. Close, delete, and recreate the recordset as needed, or call its Requery member function to refresh the records.
If you are accessing a data source during the lifetime of your document, embed a CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object or store a pointer to a CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object in it.
The CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object manages a connection to your data source. The object is constructed automatically during document construction, and you call its Open member function when you initialize the document. When you construct recordset objects in document member functions, you pass a pointer to the document's CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object. This associates each recordset with its data source. The database object is usually destroyed when the document closes. The recordset objects are typically destroyed when they exit the scope of a function.
Other Factors
Form-based applications often do not have any use for the framework's document serialization mechanism, so you might want to remove, disable, or replace the New and Open commands on the File menu. See the article Serialization: Serialization vs. Database Input/Output.
You might also want to make use of the many user-interface possibilities that the framework can support. For example, you could use multiple CRecordView or CDaoRecordView objects in a splitter window, open multiple recordsets in different multiple document interface (MDI) child windows, and so on.
You might want to implement printing of whatever is in your view, whether it is a form implemented with CRecordView or CDaoRecordView or something else. As classes derived from CFormView, CRecordView and CDaoRecordView do not support printing, but you can override the OnPrint member function to allow printing. For more information, see class CFormView.
You might not want to use documents and views at all. In that case, see MFC: Using Database Classes Without Documents and Views.