Anvisningar: Lägga till avgränsnings- och blockeringsfunktioner i en samling
Det här exemplet visar hur du lägger till avgränsnings- och blockeringsfunktioner i en anpassad samlingsklass genom att implementera System.Collections.Concurrent.IProducerConsumerCollection<T> gränssnittet i klassen och sedan använda en klassinstans som intern lagringsmekanism för en System.Collections.Concurrent.BlockingCollection<T>. Mer information om avgränsning och blockering finns i Översikt över BlockingCollection.
Exempel
Klassen för anpassad samling är en grundläggande prioritetskö där prioritetsnivåerna representeras som en matris med System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<T> objekt. Ingen ytterligare beställning utförs i varje kö.
I klientkoden startas tre uppgifter. Den första uppgiften söker bara efter tangentbordsstreck för att aktivera annullering när som helst under körningen. Den andra uppgiften är producenttråden. den lägger till nya objekt i den blockerande samlingen och ger varje objekt en prioritet baserat på ett slumpmässigt värde. Den tredje uppgiften tar bort objekt från samlingen när de blir tillgängliga.
Du kan justera programmets beteende genom att få en av trådarna att köras snabbare än den andra. Om producenten körs snabbare ser du avgränsningsfunktionen eftersom blockeringssamlingen förhindrar att objekt läggs till om den redan innehåller det antal objekt som anges i konstruktorn. Om konsumenten körs snabbare ser du blockeringsfunktionen när konsumenten väntar på att ett nytt objekt ska läggas till.
namespace ProdConsumerCS
{
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
// Implementation of a priority queue that has bounding and blocking functionality.
public class SimplePriorityQueue<TPriority, TValue> : IProducerConsumerCollection<KeyValuePair<int, TValue>>
{
// Each internal queue in the array represents a priority level.
// All elements in a given array share the same priority.
private ConcurrentQueue<KeyValuePair<int, TValue>>[] _queues = null;
// The number of queues we store internally.
private int priorityCount = 0;
private int m_count = 0;
public SimplePriorityQueue(int priCount)
{
this.priorityCount = priCount;
_queues = new ConcurrentQueue<KeyValuePair<int, TValue>>[priorityCount];
for (int i = 0; i < priorityCount; i++)
_queues[i] = new ConcurrentQueue<KeyValuePair<int, TValue>>();
}
// IProducerConsumerCollection members
public bool TryAdd(KeyValuePair<int, TValue> item)
{
_queues[item.Key].Enqueue(item);
Interlocked.Increment(ref m_count);
return true;
}
public bool TryTake(out KeyValuePair<int, TValue> item)
{
bool success = false;
// Loop through the queues in priority order
// looking for an item to dequeue.
for (int i = 0; i < priorityCount; i++)
{
// Lock the internal data so that the Dequeue
// operation and the updating of m_count are atomic.
lock (_queues)
{
success = _queues[i].TryDequeue(out item);
if (success)
{
Interlocked.Decrement(ref m_count);
return true;
}
}
}
// If we get here, we found nothing.
// Assign the out parameter to its default value and return false.
item = new KeyValuePair<int, TValue>(0, default(TValue));
return false;
}
public int Count
{
get { return m_count; }
}
// Required for ICollection
void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index)
{
CopyTo(array as KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[], index);
}
// CopyTo is problematic in a producer-consumer.
// The destination array might be shorter or longer than what
// we get from ToArray due to adds or takes after the destination array was allocated.
// Therefore, all we try to do here is fill up destination with as much
// data as we have without running off the end.
public void CopyTo(KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[] destination, int destStartingIndex)
{
if (destination == null) throw new ArgumentNullException();
if (destStartingIndex < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
int remaining = destination.Length;
KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[] temp = this.ToArray();
for (int i = 0; i < destination.Length && i < temp.Length; i++)
destination[i] = temp[i];
}
public KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[] ToArray()
{
KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[] result;
lock (_queues)
{
result = new KeyValuePair<int, TValue>[this.Count];
int index = 0;
foreach (var q in _queues)
{
if (q.Count > 0)
{
q.CopyTo(result, index);
index += q.Count;
}
}
return result;
}
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return GetEnumerator();
}
public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<int, TValue>> GetEnumerator()
{
for (int i = 0; i < priorityCount; i++)
{
foreach (var item in _queues[i])
yield return item;
}
}
public bool IsSynchronized
{
get
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
}
public object SyncRoot
{
get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
}
}
public class TestBlockingCollection
{
static void Main()
{
int priorityCount = 7;
SimplePriorityQueue<int, int> queue = new SimplePriorityQueue<int, int>(priorityCount);
var bc = new BlockingCollection<KeyValuePair<int, int>>(queue, 50);
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
Task.Run(() =>
{
if (Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar == 'c')
cts.Cancel();
});
// Create a Task array so that we can Wait on it
// and catch any exceptions, including user cancellation.
Task[] tasks = new Task[2];
// Create a producer thread. You can change the code to
// make the wait time a bit slower than the consumer
// thread to demonstrate the blocking capability.
tasks[0] = Task.Run(() =>
{
// We randomize the wait time, and use that value
// to determine the priority level (Key) of the item.
Random r = new Random();
int itemsToAdd = 40;
int count = 0;
while (!cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested && itemsToAdd-- > 0)
{
int waitTime = r.Next(2000);
int priority = waitTime % priorityCount;
var item = new KeyValuePair<int, int>(priority, count++);
bc.Add(item);
Console.WriteLine("added pri {0}, data={1}", item.Key, item.Value);
}
Console.WriteLine("Producer is done adding.");
bc.CompleteAdding();
},
cts.Token);
//Give the producer a chance to add some items.
Thread.SpinWait(1000000);
// Create a consumer thread. The wait time is
// a bit slower than the producer thread to demonstrate
// the bounding capability at the high end. Change this value to see
// the consumer run faster to demonstrate the blocking functionality
// at the low end.
tasks[1] = Task.Run(() =>
{
while (!bc.IsCompleted && !cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Random r = new Random();
int waitTime = r.Next(2000);
Thread.SpinWait(waitTime * 70);
// KeyValuePair is a value type. Initialize to avoid compile error in if(success)
KeyValuePair<int, int> item = new KeyValuePair<int, int>();
bool success = false;
success = bc.TryTake(out item);
if (success)
{
// Do something useful with the data.
Console.WriteLine("removed Pri = {0} data = {1} collCount= {2}", item.Key, item.Value, bc.Count);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("No items to retrieve. count = {0}", bc.Count);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Exited consumer loop");
},
cts.Token);
try {
Task.WaitAll(tasks, cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException e) {
if (e.CancellationToken == cts.Token)
Console.WriteLine("Operation was canceled by user. Press any key to exit");
}
catch (AggregateException ae) {
foreach (var v in ae.InnerExceptions)
Console.WriteLine(v.Message);
}
finally {
cts.Dispose();
}
Console.ReadKey(true);
}
}
}
Som standard är System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<T>lagringen för en System.Collections.Concurrent.BlockingCollection<T> .
