Animation Overview

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) provides a powerful set of graphics and layout features that enable you to create attractive user interfaces and appealing documents. Animation can make an attractive user interface even more spectacular and usable. By just animating a background color or applying an animated Transform, you can create dramatic screen transitions or provide helpful visual cues.

This overview provides an introduction to the WPF animation and timing system. It focuses on the animation of WPF objects by using storyboards.

Introducing Animations

Animation is an illusion that is created by quickly cycling through a series of images, each slightly different from the last. The brain perceives the group of images as a single changing scene. In film, this illusion is created by using cameras that record many photographs, or frames, each second. When the frames are played back by a projector, the audience sees a moving picture.

Animation on a computer is similar. For example, a program that makes a drawing of a rectangle fade out of view might work as follows.

• The program creates a timer.

• The program checks the timer at set intervals to see how much time has elapsed.

• Each time the program checks the timer, it computes the current opacity value for the rectangle based on how much time has elapsed.

• The program then updates the rectangle with the new value and redraws it.

Prior to WPF, Microsoft Windows developers had to create and manage their own timing systems or use special custom libraries. WPF includes an efficient timing system that is exposed through managed code and XAML and that is deeply integrated into the WPF framework. WPF animation makes it easy to animate controls and other graphical objects.

WPF handles all the behind-the-scenes work of managing a timing system and redrawing the screen efficiently. It provides timing classes that enable you to focus on the effects you want to create, instead of the mechanics of achieving those effects. WPF also makes it easy to create your own animations by exposing animation base classes from which your classes can inherit, to produce customized animations. These custom animations gain many of the performance benefits of the standard animation classes.

WPF Property Animation System

If you understand a few important concepts about the timing system, WPF animations can be easier to use. Most important is that, in WPF, you animate objects by applying animation to their individual properties. For example, to make a framework element grow, you animate its Width and Height properties. To make an object fade from view, you animate its Opacity property.

For a property to have animation capabilities, it must meet the following three requirements:

• It must be a dependency property.

• It must belong to a class that inherits from DependencyObject and implements the IAnimatable interface.

• There must be a compatible animation type available. (If WPF does not provide one, you can create your own. See the Custom Animations Overview.)

WPF contains many objects that have IAnimatable properties. Controls such as Button and TabControl, and also Panel and Shape objects inherit from DependencyObject. Most of their properties are dependency properties.

You can use animations almost anywhere, which includes in styles and control templates. Animations do not have to be visual; you can animate objects that are not part of the user interface if they meet the criteria that are described in this section.

Example: Make an Element Fade In and Out of View

This example shows how to use a WPF animation to animate the value of a dependency property. It uses a DoubleAnimation, which is a type of animation that generates Double values, to animate the Opacity property of a Rectangle. As a result, the Rectangle fades in and out of view.

The first part of the example creates a Rectangle element. The steps that follow show how to create an animation and apply it to the rectangle's Opacity property.

The following shows how to create a Rectangle element in a StackPanel in XAML.

<StackPanel Margin="10">
    <Rectangle
        Name="MyRectangle"
        Width="100" 
        Height="100"
        Fill="Blue">
    </Rectangle>
</StackPanel>

The following shows how to create a Rectangle element in a StackPanel in code.

var myPanel = new StackPanel();
myPanel.Margin = new Thickness(10);

var myRectangle = new Rectangle();
myRectangle.Name = "myRectangle";
this.RegisterName(myRectangle.Name, myRectangle);
myRectangle.Width = 100;
myRectangle.Height = 100;
myRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Blue;
myPanel.Children.Add(myRectangle);
this.Content = myPanel;

Dim myPanel As New StackPanel()
myPanel.Margin = New Thickness(10)

Dim myRectangle As New Rectangle()
myRectangle.Name = "myRectangle"
Me.RegisterName(myRectangle.Name, myRectangle)
myRectangle.Width = 100
myRectangle.Height = 100
myRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Blue

myPanel.Children.Add(myRectangle)
Me.Content = myPanel

Part 1: Create a DoubleAnimation

One way to make an element fade in and out of view is to animate its Opacity property. Because the Opacity property is of type Double, you need an animation that produces double values. A DoubleAnimation is one such animation. A DoubleAnimation creates a transition between two double values. To specify its starting value, you set its From property. To specify its ending value, you set its To property.

1. An opacity value of 1.0 makes the object completely opaque, and an opacity value of 0.0 makes it completely invisible. To make the animation transition from 1.0 to 0.0 you set its From property to 1.0 and its To property to 0.0. The following shows how to create a DoubleAnimation in XAML.

   <DoubleAnimation From="1.0" To="0.0" />
   

   The following shows how to create a DoubleAnimation in code.

   var myDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation();
   myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0;
   myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0;
   

   Dim myDoubleAnimation As New DoubleAnimation()
   myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0
   myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0
   

2. Next, you must specify a Duration. The Duration of an animation specifies how long it takes to go from its starting value to its destination value. The following shows how to set the Duration to five seconds in XAML.

   <DoubleAnimation From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" />
   

   The following shows how to set the Duration to five seconds in code.

   myDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
   

   myDoubleAnimation.Duration = New Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))
   

3. The previous code showed an animation that transitions from 1.0 to 0.0, which causes the target element to fade from completely opaque to completely invisible. To make the element fade back into view after it vanishes, set the AutoReverse property of the animation to true. To make the animation repeat indefinitely, set its RepeatBehavior property to Forever. The following shows how to set the AutoReverse and RepeatBehavior properties in XAML.

   <DoubleAnimation From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever"/>
   

   The following shows how to set the AutoReverse and RepeatBehavior properties in code.

   myDoubleAnimation.AutoReverse = true;
   myDoubleAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;
   

   myDoubleAnimation.AutoReverse = True
   myDoubleAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever
   

Part 2: Create a Storyboard

To apply an animation to an object, you create a Storyboard and use the TargetName and TargetProperty attached properties to specify the object and property to animate.

1. Create the Storyboard and add the animation as its child. The following shows how to create the Storyboard in XAML.

   <Storyboard>
       <DoubleAnimation
           From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:1" 
           AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
   </Storyboard>
   

   To create the Storyboard in code, declare a Storyboard variable at the class level.

   public partial class MainWindow : Window
   {
       private Storyboard myStoryboard;
   

   Class MainWindow
   
       Private myStoryboard As Storyboard
   

   Then initialize the Storyboard and add the animation as its child.

   myStoryboard = new Storyboard();
   myStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation);
   

   myStoryboard = New Storyboard()
   myStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation)
   

2. The Storyboard has to know where to apply the animation. Use the Storyboard.TargetName attached property to specify the object to animate. The following shows how to set the target name of the DoubleAnimation to MyRectangle in XAML.

   <Storyboard>
       <DoubleAnimation
           Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
           From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:1" 
           AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
   </Storyboard>
   

   The following shows how to set the target name of the DoubleAnimation to MyRectangle in code.

   Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myRectangle.Name);
   

   Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myRectangle.Name)
   

3. Use the TargetProperty attached property to specify the property to animate. The following shows how the animation is configured to target the Opacity property of the Rectangle in XAML.

   <Storyboard>
       <DoubleAnimation
           Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
           Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
           From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" 
           AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
   </Storyboard>
   

   The following shows how the animation is configured to target the Opacity property of the Rectangle in code.

   Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, new PropertyPath(Rectangle.OpacityProperty));
   

   Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, New PropertyPath(Rectangle.OpacityProperty))
   

For more information about TargetProperty syntax and for additional examples, see the Storyboards Overview.

Part 3 (XAML): Associate the Storyboard with a Trigger

The easiest way to apply and start a Storyboard in XAML is to use an event trigger. This section shows how to associate the Storyboard with a trigger in XAML.

1. Create a BeginStoryboard object and associate your storyboard with it. A BeginStoryboard is a type of TriggerAction that applies and starts a Storyboard.

   <BeginStoryboard>
     <Storyboard>
       <DoubleAnimation
         Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
         From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" 
         AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
     </Storyboard>
   </BeginStoryboard>
   

2. Create an EventTrigger and add the BeginStoryboard to its Actions collection. Set the RoutedEvent property of the EventTrigger to the routed event that you want to start the Storyboard. (For more information about routed events, see the Routed Events Overview.)

   <!-- Animates the rectangle's opacity. -->
   <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
     <BeginStoryboard>
       <Storyboard>
         <DoubleAnimation
           Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
           Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
           From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" 
           AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
       </Storyboard>
     </BeginStoryboard>
   </EventTrigger>
   

3. Add the EventTrigger to the Triggers collection of the Rectangle.

   <Rectangle
     Name="MyRectangle"
     Width="100" 
     Height="100"
     Fill="Blue">
     <Rectangle.Triggers>
       <!-- Animates the rectangle's opacity. -->
       <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
         <BeginStoryboard>
           <Storyboard>
             <DoubleAnimation
               Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
               Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
               From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" 
               AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
           </Storyboard>
         </BeginStoryboard>
       </EventTrigger>
     </Rectangle.Triggers>
   </Rectangle>
   

Part 3 (Code): Associate the Storyboard with an Event Handler

The easiest way to apply and start a Storyboard in code is to use an event handler. This section shows how to associate the Storyboard with an event handler in code.

1. Register for the Loaded event of the rectangle.

   myRectangle.Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(myRectangleLoaded);
   

   AddHandler myRectangle.Loaded, AddressOf myRectangleLoaded
   

2. Declare the event handler. In the event handler, use the Begin method to apply the storyboard.

   private void myRectangleLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
   {
       myStoryboard.Begin(this);
   }
   

   Private Sub myRectangleLoaded(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
       myStoryboard.Begin(Me)
   End Sub
   

Complete Example

The following shows how to create a rectangle that fades in and out of view in XAML.

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel Margin="10">
            <Rectangle
                Name="MyRectangle"
                Width="100" 
                Height="100"
                Fill="Blue">
                <Rectangle.Triggers>
                    <!-- Animates the rectangle's opacity. -->
                    <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
                        <BeginStoryboard>
                            <Storyboard>
                                <DoubleAnimation
                                    Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
                                    From="1.0" To="0.0" Duration="0:0:5" 
                                    AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
                            </Storyboard>
                        </BeginStoryboard>
                    </EventTrigger>
                </Rectangle.Triggers>
            </Rectangle>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

The following shows how to create a rectangle that fades in and out of view in code.

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;

namespace WpfApplication1
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private Storyboard myStoryboard;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            StackPanel myPanel = new StackPanel();
            myPanel.Margin = new Thickness(10);

            Rectangle myRectangle = new Rectangle();
            myRectangle.Name = "myRectangle";
            this.RegisterName(myRectangle.Name, myRectangle);
            myRectangle.Width = 100;
            myRectangle.Height = 100;
            myRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Blue;

            DoubleAnimation myDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation();
            myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0;
            myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0;
            myDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
            myDoubleAnimation.AutoReverse = true;
            myDoubleAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;

            myStoryboard = new Storyboard();
            myStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation);
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myRectangle.Name);
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, new PropertyPath(Rectangle.OpacityProperty));

            // Use the Loaded event to start the Storyboard.
            myRectangle.Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(myRectangleLoaded);
            myPanel.Children.Add(myRectangle);
            this.Content = myPanel;
        }

        private void myRectangleLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            myStoryboard.Begin(this);
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Windows.Media.Animation

Class MainWindow

    Private myStoryboard As Storyboard

    Public Sub New()
        InitializeComponent()

        Dim myPanel As New StackPanel()
        myPanel.Margin = New Thickness(10)

        Dim myRectangle As New Rectangle()
        myRectangle.Name = "myRectangle"
        Me.RegisterName(myRectangle.Name, myRectangle)
        myRectangle.Width = 100
        myRectangle.Height = 100
        myRectangle.Fill = Brushes.Blue

        Dim myDoubleAnimation As New DoubleAnimation()
        myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0
        myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0
        myDoubleAnimation.Duration = New Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))
        myDoubleAnimation.AutoReverse = True
        myDoubleAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever

        myStoryboard = New Storyboard()
        myStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation)
        Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myRectangle.Name)
        Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, New PropertyPath(Rectangle.OpacityProperty))

        ' Use the Loaded event to start the Storyboard.
        AddHandler myRectangle.Loaded, AddressOf myRectangleLoaded

        myPanel.Children.Add(myRectangle)
        Me.Content = myPanel
    End Sub

    Private Sub myRectangleLoaded(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
        myStoryboard.Begin(Me)
    End Sub

End Class

Animation Types

Because animations generate property values, different animation types exist for different property types. To animate a property that takes a Double, such as the Width property of an element, use an animation that produces Double values. To animate a property that takes a Point, use an animation that produces Point values, and so on. Because of the number of different property types, there are several animation classes in the System.Windows.Media.Animation namespace. Fortunately, they follow a strict naming convention that makes it easy to differentiate between them:

• <Type>Animation

  Known as a "From/To/By" or "basic" animation, these animate between a starting and destination value, or by adding an offset value to its starting value.

  • To specify a starting value, set the From property of the animation.

  • To specify an ending value, set the To property of the animation.

  • To specify an offset value, set the By property of the animation.

  The examples in this overview use these animations, because they are the simplest to use. From/To/By animations are described in detail in the From/To/By Animations Overview.

• <Type>AnimationUsingKeyFrames

  Key frame animations are more powerful than From/To/By animations because you can specify any number of target values and even control their interpolation method. Some types can only be animated with key frame animations. Key frame animations are described in detail in the Key-Frame Animations Overview.

• <Type>AnimationUsingPath

  Path animations enable you to use a geometric path in order to produce animated values.

• <Type>AnimationBase

  Abstract class that, when you implement it, animates a <Type> value. This class serves as the base class for <Type>Animation and <Type>AnimationUsingKeyFrames classes. You have to deal directly with these classes only if you want to create your own custom animations. Otherwise, use a <Type>Animation or KeyFrame<Type>Animation.

In most cases, you will want to use the <Type>Animation classes, such as DoubleAnimation and ColorAnimation.

The following table shows several common animation types and some properties with which they are used.

Property type	Corresponding basic (From/To/By) animation	Corresponding key frame animation	Corresponding Path Animation	Usage example
Color	ColorAnimation	ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames	None	Animate the Color of a SolidColorBrush or a GradientStop.
Double	DoubleAnimation	DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames	DoubleAnimationUsingPath	Animate the Width of a DockPanel or the Height of a Button.
Point	PointAnimation	PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames	PointAnimationUsingPath	Animate the Center position of an EllipseGeometry.
String	None	StringAnimationUsingKeyFrames	None	Animate the Text of a TextBlock or the Content of a Button.

Animations Are Timelines

All the animation types inherit from the Timeline class; therefore, all animations are specialized types of timelines. A Timeline defines a segment of time. You can specify the timing behaviors of a timeline: its Duration, how many times it is repeated, and even how fast time progresses for it.

Because an animation is a Timeline, it also represents a segment of time. An animation also calculates output values as it progresses through its specified segment of time (or Duration). As the animation progresses, or "plays," it updates the property that it is associated with.

Three frequently used timing properties are Duration, AutoReverse, and RepeatBehavior.

The Duration Property

As previously mentioned, a timeline represents a segment of time. The length of that segment is determined by the Duration of the timeline, which is usually specified by using a TimeSpan value. When a timeline reaches the end of its duration, it has completed an iteration.

An animation uses its Duration property to determine its current value. If you do not specify a Duration value for an animation, it uses 1 second, which is the default.

The following syntax shows a simplified version of the Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) attribute syntax for the Duration property.

hours : minutes : seconds

The following table shows several Duration settings and their resulting values.

Setting	Resulting value
0:0:5.5	5.5 seconds.
0:30:5.5	30 minutes and 5.5 seconds.
1:30:5.5	1 hour, 30 minutes, and 5.5 seconds.

One way to specify a Duration in code is to use the FromSeconds method to create a TimeSpan, then declare a new Duration structure using that TimeSpan.

For more information about Duration values and the complete Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) syntax, see the Duration structure.

AutoReverse

The AutoReverse property specifies whether a timeline plays backward after it reaches the end of its Duration. If you set this animation property to true, an animation reverses after it reaches the end of its Duration, playing from its ending value back to its starting value. By default, this property is false.

RepeatBehavior

The RepeatBehavior property specifies how many times a timeline plays. By default, timelines have an iteration count of 1.0, which means they play one time and do not repeat at all.

For more information about these properties and others, see the Timing Behaviors Overview.

Applying an Animation to a Property

The previous sections describe the different types of animations and their timing properties. This section shows how to apply the animation to the property that you want to animate. Storyboard objects provide one way to apply animations to properties. A Storyboard is a container timeline that provides targeting information for the animations it contains.

Targeting Objects and Properties

The Storyboard class provides the TargetName and TargetProperty attached properties. By setting these properties on an animation, you tell the animation what to animate. However, before an animation can target an object, the object must usually be given a name.

Assigning a name to a FrameworkElement differs from assigning a name to a Freezable object. Most controls and panels are framework elements; however, most purely graphical objects, such as brushes, transforms, and geometries, are freezable objects. If you are not sure whether a type is a FrameworkElement or a Freezable, refer to the Inheritance Hierarchy section of its reference documentation.

• To make a FrameworkElement an animation target, you give it a name by setting its Name property. In code, you must also use the RegisterName method to register the element name with the page to which it belongs.

• To make a Freezable object an animation target in XAML, you use the x:Name Directive to assign it a name. In code, you just use the RegisterName method to register the object with the page to which it belongs.

The sections that follow provide an example of naming an element in XAML and code. For more detailed information about naming and targeting, see the Storyboards Overview.

Applying and Starting Storyboards

To start a storyboard in XAML, you associate it with an EventTrigger. An EventTrigger is an object that describes what actions to take when a specified event occurs. One of those actions can be a BeginStoryboard action, which you use to start your storyboard. Event triggers are similar in concept to event handlers because they enable you to specify how your application responds to a particular event. Unlike event handlers, event triggers can be fully described in XAML; no other code is required.

To start a Storyboard in code, you can use an EventTrigger or use the Begin method of the Storyboard class.

Interactively Control a Storyboard

The previous example showed how to start a Storyboard when an event occurs. You can also interactively control a Storyboard after it starts: you can pause, resume, stop, advance it to its fill period, seek, and remove the Storyboard. For more information and an example that shows how to interactively control a Storyboard, see the Storyboards Overview.

What Happens After an Animation Ends?

The FillBehavior property specifies how a timeline behaves when it ends. By default, a timeline starts Filling when it ends. An animation that is Filling holds its final output value.

The DoubleAnimation in the previous example does not end because its RepeatBehavior property is set to Forever. The following example animates a rectangle by using a similar animation. Unlike the previous example, the RepeatBehavior and AutoReverse properties of this animation are left at their default values. Therefore, the animation progresses from 1 to 0 over five seconds and then stops.

<Rectangle
  Name="MyRectangle"
  Width="100" 
  Height="100"
  Fill="Blue">
  <Rectangle.Triggers>

    <!-- Animates the rectangle's opacity. -->
    <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Rectangle.Loaded">
      <BeginStoryboard>
        <Storyboard>
          <DoubleAnimation
            Storyboard.TargetName="MyRectangle" 
            Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
            From="1.0" To="0" Duration="0:0:5" />
        </Storyboard>
      </BeginStoryboard>
    </EventTrigger>
  </Rectangle.Triggers>
</Rectangle>

DoubleAnimation myDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation();
myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0;
myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0;
myDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));

Dim myDoubleAnimation As New DoubleAnimation()
myDoubleAnimation.From = 1.0
myDoubleAnimation.To = 0.0
myDoubleAnimation.Duration = New Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))

Because its FillBehavior was not changed from its default value, which is HoldEnd, the animation holds its final value, 0, when it ends. Therefore, the Opacity of the rectangle remains at 0 after the animation ends. If you set the Opacity of the rectangle to another value, your code appears to have no effect, because the animation is still affecting the Opacity property.

One way to regain control of an animated property in code is to use the BeginAnimation method and specify null for the AnimationTimeline parameter. For more information and an example, see Set a Property After Animating It with a Storyboard.

Note that, although setting a property value that has an Active or Filling animation appears to have no effect, the property value does change. For more information, see the Animation and Timing System Overview.

Data Binding and Animating Animations

Most animation properties can be data bound or animated; for example, you can animate the Duration property of a DoubleAnimation. However, because of the way the timing system works, data bound or animated animations do not behave like other data bound or animated objects. To understand their behavior, it helps to understand what it means to apply an animation to a property.

Refer to the example in the previous section that showed how to animate the Opacity of a rectangle. When the rectangle in the previous example is loaded, its event trigger applies the Storyboard. The timing system creates a copy of the Storyboard and its animation. These copies are frozen (made read-only) and Clock objects are created from them. These clocks do the actual work of animating the targeted properties.

The timing system creates a clock for the DoubleAnimation and applies it to the object and property that is specified by the TargetName and TargetProperty of the DoubleAnimation. In this case, the timing system applies the clock to the Opacity property of the object that is named "MyRectangle."

Although a clock is also created for the Storyboard, the clock is not applied to any properties. Its purpose is to control its child clock, the clock that is created for the DoubleAnimation.

For an animation to reflect data binding or animation changes, its clock must be regenerated. Clocks are not regenerated for you automatically. To make an animation reflect changes, reapply its storyboard by using a BeginStoryboard or the Begin method. When you use either of these methods, the animation restarts. In code, you can use the Seek method to shift the storyboard back to its previous position.

For an example of a data bound animation, see Key Spline Animation Sample. For more information about how the animation and timing system works, see Animation and Timing System Overview.

Other Ways to Animate

The examples in this overview show how to animate by using storyboards. When you use code, you can animate in several other ways. For more information, see the Property Animation Techniques Overview.

Animation Samples

The following samples can help you start adding animation to your applications.

• From, To, and By Animation Target Values Sample

  Demonstrates different From/To/By settings.

• Animation Timing Behavior Sample

  Demonstrates the different ways you can control the timing behavior of an animation. This sample also shows how to data bind the destination value of an animation.

Related Topics

Title	Description
Animation and Timing System Overview	Describes how the timing system uses the Timeline and Clock classes, which allow you to create animations.
Animation Tips and Tricks	Lists helpful tips for solving issues with animations, such as performance.
Custom Animations Overview	Describes how to extend the animation system with key frames, animation classes, or per-frame callbacks.
From/To/By Animations Overview	Describes how to create an animation that transitions between two values.
Key-Frame Animations Overview	Describes how to create an animation with multiple target values, including the ability to control the interpolation method.
Easing Functions	Explains how to apply mathematical formulas to your animations to get realistic behavior, such as bouncing.
Path Animations Overview	Describes how to move or rotate an object along a complex path.
Property Animation Techniques Overview	Describes property animations using storyboards, local animations, clocks, and per-frame animations.
Storyboards Overview	Describes how to use storyboards with multiple timelines to create complex animations.
Timing Behaviors Overview	Describes the Timeline types and properties used in animations.
Timing Events Overview	Describes the events available on the Timeline and Clock objects for executing code at points in the timeline, such as begin, pause, resume, skip, or stop.
How-to Topics	Contains code examples for using animations and timelines in your application.
Clocks How-to Topics	Contains code examples for using the Clock object in your application.
Key-Frame How-to Topics	Contains code examples for using key-frame animations in your application.
Path Animation How-to Topics	Contains code examples for using path animations in your application.

Reference

• Timeline

• Storyboard

• BeginStoryboard

• Clock