list::back and list::front

Illustrates how to use the list::back and list::front Standard Template Library (STL) functions in Visual C++.

reference back( ); 
const_reference back( ) const; 
reference front( ); 
const_reference front( ) const; 
void pop_back( ); 
void pop_front( ); 
void push_back(
   const T& x
);
void push_front(
   const T& x
);

Remarks

Note

The class/parameter names in the prototype do not match the version in the header file. Some have been modified to improve readability.

The back member function returns a reference to the last element of the controlled sequence. The front member function returns a reference to the first element of the controlled sequence. The pop_back member function removes the last element of the controlled sequence. The pop_front member function removes the first element of the controlled sequence. All these functions require that the controlled sequence be nonempty. The push_back member function inserts an element with value x at the end of the controlled sequence. The push_front member function inserts an element with value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Example

// liststck.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
//  This example shows how to use the various stack
//                 like functions of list.
//
// Functions:
//    list::back
//    list::front
//    list::pop_back
//    list::pop_front
//    list::push_back
//    list::push_front

#pragma warning (disable:4786)
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std ;

typedef list<string> LISTSTR;

int main()
{
    LISTSTR test;

    test.push_back("back");
    test.push_front("middle");
    test.push_front("front");

    // front
    cout << test.front() << endl;

    // back
    cout << test.back() << endl;

    test.pop_front();
    test.pop_back();

    // middle
    cout << test.front() << endl;
}

Output

front
back
middle

Requirements

Header: <list>

See Also

Concepts

Standard Template Library Samples