How to: Add Data to the Clipboard

The Clipboard class provides methods that you can use to interact with the Windows operating system Clipboard feature. Many applications use the Clipboard as a temporary repository for data. For example, word processors use the Clipboard during cut-and-paste operations. The Clipboard is also useful for transferring data from one application to another.

When you add data to the Clipboard, you can indicate the data format so that other applications can recognize the data if they can use that format. You can also add data to the Clipboard in multiple different formats to increase the number of other applications that can potentially use the data.

A Clipboard format is a string that identifies the format so that an application that uses that format can retrieve the associated data. The DataFormats class provides predefined format names for your use. You can also use your own format names or use the type of an object as its format.

To add data to the Clipboard in one or multiple formats, use the SetDataObject method. You can pass any object to this method, but to add data in multiple formats, you must first add the data to a separate object designed to work with multiple formats. Typically, you will add your data to a DataObject, but you can use any type that implements the IDataObject interface.

In .NET Framework version 2.0, you can add data directly to the Clipboard by using new methods designed to make basic Clipboard tasks easier. Use these methods when you work with data in a single, common format such as text.

Note

All Windows-based applications share the Clipboard. Therefore, the contents are subject to change when you switch to another application.

The Clipboard class can only be used in threads set to single thread apartment (STA) mode. To use this class, ensure that your Main method is marked with the STAThreadAttribute attribute.

An object must be serializable for it to be put on the Clipboard. To make a type serializable, mark it with the SerializableAttribute attribute. If you pass a non-serializable object to a Clipboard method, the method will fail without throwing an exception. For more information about serialization, see System.Runtime.Serialization.

To add data to the Clipboard in a single, common format

• Use the SetAudio, SetFileDropList, SetImage, or SetText method. These methods are available only in .NET Framework version 2.0.

  ' Demonstrates SetAudio, ContainsAudio, and GetAudioStream.
  Public Function SwapClipboardAudio( _
      ByVal replacementAudioStream As System.IO.Stream) _
      As System.IO.Stream
  
      Dim returnAudioStream As System.IO.Stream = Nothing
  
      If (Clipboard.ContainsAudio()) Then
          returnAudioStream = Clipboard.GetAudioStream()
          Clipboard.SetAudio(replacementAudioStream)
      End If
  
      Return returnAudioStream
  
  End Function
  
  ' Demonstrates SetFileDropList, ContainsFileDroList, and GetFileDropList
  Public Function SwapClipboardFileDropList(ByVal replacementList _
      As System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection) _
      As System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
  
      Dim returnList As System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection _
          = Nothing
  
      If Clipboard.ContainsFileDropList() Then
  
          returnList = Clipboard.GetFileDropList()
          Clipboard.SetFileDropList(replacementList)
      End If
  
      Return returnList
  
  End Function
  
  ' Demonstrates SetImage, ContainsImage, and GetImage.
  Public Function SwapClipboardImage( _
      ByVal replacementImage As System.Drawing.Image) _
      As System.Drawing.Image
  
      Dim returnImage As System.Drawing.Image = Nothing
  
      If Clipboard.ContainsImage() Then
          returnImage = Clipboard.GetImage()
          Clipboard.SetImage(replacementImage)
      End If
  
      Return returnImage
  End Function
  
  ' Demonstrates SetText, ContainsText, and GetText.
  Public Function SwapClipboardHtmlText( _
      ByVal replacementHtmlText As String) As String
  
      Dim returnHtmlText As String = Nothing
  
      If (Clipboard.ContainsText(TextDataFormat.Html)) Then
          returnHtmlText = Clipboard.GetText(TextDataFormat.Html)
          Clipboard.SetText(replacementHtmlText, TextDataFormat.Html)
      End If
  
      Return returnHtmlText
  
  End Function
  

  // Demonstrates SetAudio, ContainsAudio, and GetAudioStream.
  public System.IO.Stream SwapClipboardAudio(
      System.IO.Stream replacementAudioStream)
  {
      System.IO.Stream returnAudioStream = null;
      if (Clipboard.ContainsAudio())
      {
          returnAudioStream = Clipboard.GetAudioStream();
          Clipboard.SetAudio(replacementAudioStream);
      }
      return returnAudioStream;
  }
  
  // Demonstrates SetFileDropList, ContainsFileDroList, and GetFileDropList
  public System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
      SwapClipboardFileDropList(
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection replacementList)
  {
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection returnList = null;
      if (Clipboard.ContainsFileDropList())
      {
          returnList = Clipboard.GetFileDropList();
          Clipboard.SetFileDropList(replacementList);
      }
      return returnList;
  }
  
  // Demonstrates SetImage, ContainsImage, and GetImage.
  public System.Drawing.Image SwapClipboardImage(
      System.Drawing.Image replacementImage)
  {
      System.Drawing.Image returnImage = null;
      if (Clipboard.ContainsImage())
      {
          returnImage = Clipboard.GetImage();
          Clipboard.SetImage(replacementImage);
      }
      return returnImage;
  }
  
  // Demonstrates SetText, ContainsText, and GetText.
  public String SwapClipboardHtmlText(String replacementHtmlText)
  {
      String returnHtmlText = null;
      if (Clipboard.ContainsText(TextDataFormat.Html))
      {
          returnHtmlText = Clipboard.GetText(TextDataFormat.Html);
          Clipboard.SetText(replacementHtmlText, TextDataFormat.Html);
      }
      return returnHtmlText;
  }
  

To add data to the Clipboard in a custom format

• Use the SetData method with a custom format name. This method is available only in .NET Framework version 2.0.

  You can also use predefined format names with the SetData method. For more information, see DataFormats.

  ' Demonstrates SetData, ContainsData, and GetData
  ' using a custom format name and a business object.
  Public ReadOnly Property TestCustomFormat() As Customer
      Get
          Clipboard.SetData("CustomerFormat", New Customer("Customer Name"))
  
          If Clipboard.ContainsData("CustomerFormat") Then
              Return CType(Clipboard.GetData("CustomerFormat"), Customer)
          End If
  
          Return Nothing
      End Get
  End Property
  
  
  ...
  
  
  <Serializable()> Public Class Customer
  
      Private nameValue As String = String.Empty
  
      Public Sub New(ByVal name As String)
          nameValue = name
      End Sub
  
      Public Property Name() As String
          Get
              Return nameValue
          End Get
          Set(ByVal value As String)
              nameValue = value
          End Set
      End Property
  
  End Class
  

  // Demonstrates SetData, ContainsData, and GetData
  // using a custom format name and a business object.
  public Customer TestCustomFormat
  {
      get
      {
          Clipboard.SetData("CustomerFormat", new Customer("Customer Name"));
          if (Clipboard.ContainsData("CustomerFormat")) 
          {
              return Clipboard.GetData("CustomerFormat") as Customer;
          }
          return null;
      }
  }
  
  
  ...
  
  
  [Serializable]
  public class Customer
  {
      private string nameValue = string.Empty;
      public Customer(String name)
      {
          nameValue = name;
      }
      public string Name
      {
          get { return nameValue; }
          set { nameValue = value; }
      }
  }
  

To add data to the Clipboard in multiple formats

• Use the SetDataObject method and pass in a DataObject that contains your data. You must use this method to add data to the Clipboard on versions earlier than .NET Framework 2.0.

  ' Demonstrates how to use a DataObject to add
  ' data to the Clipboard in multiple formats.
  Public Sub TestClipboardMultipleFormats()
  
      Dim data As New DataObject()
  
      ' Add a Customer object using the type as the format.
      data.SetData(New Customer("Customer as Customer object"))
  
      ' Add a ListViewItem object using a custom format name.
      data.SetData("CustomFormat", _
          New ListViewItem("Customer as ListViewItem"))
  
      Clipboard.SetDataObject(data)
      Dim retrievedData As DataObject = _
          CType(Clipboard.GetDataObject(), DataObject)
  
      If (retrievedData.GetDataPresent("CustomFormat")) Then
  
          Dim item As ListViewItem = _
              TryCast(retrievedData.GetData("CustomFormat"), ListViewItem)
  
          If item IsNot Nothing Then
              MessageBox.Show(item.Text)
          End If
  
      End If
  
      If retrievedData.GetDataPresent(GetType(Customer)) Then
  
          Dim customer As Customer = _
              CType(retrievedData.GetData(GetType(Customer)), Customer)
  
          If customer IsNot Nothing Then
  
              MessageBox.Show(customer.Name)
          End If
  
      End If
  
  End Sub
  
  
  ...
  
  
  <Serializable()> Public Class Customer
  
      Private nameValue As String = String.Empty
  
      Public Sub New(ByVal name As String)
          nameValue = name
      End Sub
  
      Public Property Name() As String
          Get
              Return nameValue
          End Get
          Set(ByVal value As String)
              nameValue = value
          End Set
      End Property
  
  End Class
  

  // Demonstrates how to use a DataObject to add
  // data to the Clipboard in multiple formats.
  public void TestClipboardMultipleFormats()
  {
      DataObject data = new DataObject();
  
      // Add a Customer object using the type as the format.
      data.SetData(new Customer("Customer as Customer object"));
  
      // Add a ListViewItem object using a custom format name.
      data.SetData("CustomFormat", 
          new ListViewItem("Customer as ListViewItem"));
  
      Clipboard.SetDataObject(data);
      DataObject retrievedData = (DataObject)Clipboard.GetDataObject();
  
      if (retrievedData.GetDataPresent("CustomFormat"))
      {
          ListViewItem item = 
              retrievedData.GetData("CustomFormat") as ListViewItem;
          if (item != null)
          {
              MessageBox.Show(item.Text);
          }
      }
  
      if (retrievedData.GetDataPresent(typeof(Customer)))
      {
          Customer customer = 
              retrievedData.GetData(typeof(Customer)) as Customer;
          if (customer != null)
          {
              MessageBox.Show(customer.Name);
          }
      }
  }
  
  
  ...
  
  
  [Serializable]
  public class Customer
  {
      private string nameValue = string.Empty;
      public Customer(String name)
      {
          nameValue = name;
      }
      public string Name
      {
          get { return nameValue; }
          set { nameValue = value; }
      }
  }
  

See Also

Tasks

How to: Retrieve Data from the Clipboard

Other Resources

Drag-and-Drop Operations and Clipboard Support