Практическое руководство. Переход по двоичному дереву с помощью параллельных задач
В следующем примере показано два способа использования параллельных задач для перемещения по древовидной структуре данных. Создание дерева предлагается выполнить в качестве упражнения.
Пример
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Public Class TreeWalk
Shared Sub Main()
Dim tree As Tree(Of Person) = New Tree(Of Person)()
' ...populate tree (left as an exercise)
' Define the Action to perform on each node.
Dim myAction As Action(Of Person) = New Action(Of Person)(Sub(x)
Console.WriteLine("{0} : {1} ", x.Name, x.Number)
End Sub)
' Traverse the tree with parallel tasks.
DoTree(tree, myAction)
End Sub
Public Class Person
Public Name As String
Public Number As Integer
End Class
Public Class Tree(Of T)
Public Left As Tree(Of T)
Public Right As Tree(Of T)
Public Data As T
End Class
' By using tasks explicitly.
Public Shared Sub DoTree(Of T)(ByVal myTree As Tree(Of T), ByVal a As Action(Of T))
If Not myTree Is Nothing Then
Return
End If
Dim left = Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub() DoTree(myTree.Left, a))
Dim right = Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub() DoTree(myTree.Right, a))
a(myTree.Data)
Try
Task.WaitAll(left, right)
Catch ae As AggregateException
'handle exceptions here
End Try
End Sub
' By using Parallel.Invoke
Public Shared Sub DoTree2(Of T)(ByVal myTree As Tree(Of T), ByVal myAct As Action(Of T))
If Not myTree Is Nothing Then
Return
End If
Parallel.Invoke(
Sub() DoTree2(myTree.Left, myAct),
Sub() DoTree2(myTree.Left, myAct),
Sub() myAct(myTree.Data)
)
End Sub
End Class
public class TreeWalk
{
static void Main()
{
Tree<MyClass> tree = new Tree<MyClass>();
// ...populate tree (left as an exercise)
// Define the Action to perform on each node.
Action<MyClass> myAction = x => Console.WriteLine("{0} : {1}", x.Name, x.Number);
// Traverse the tree with parallel tasks.
DoTree(tree, myAction);
}
public class MyClass
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Number { get; set; }
}
public class Tree<T>
{
public Tree<T> Left;
public Tree<T> Right;
public T Data;
}
// By using tasks explcitly.
public static void DoTree<T>(Tree<T> tree, Action<T> action)
{
if (tree == null) return;
var left = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DoTree(tree.Left, action));
var right = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DoTree(tree.Right, action));
action(tree.Data);
try
{
Task.WaitAll(left, right);
}
catch (AggregateException )
{
//handle exceptions here
}
}
// By using Parallel.Invoke
public static void DoTree2<T>(Tree<T> tree, Action<T> action)
{
if (tree == null) return;
Parallel.Invoke(
() => DoTree2(tree.Left, action),
() => DoTree2(tree.Right, action),
() => action(tree.Data)
);
}
}
Два представленных метода функционально эквивалентны. Используя метод StartNew() для создания и выполнения этих задач, можно получить обратно из задач маркер для ожидания задач и обработки исключений.