Практическое руководство. Фрагментация сериализованных данных
Предупреждение
Двоичная сериализация может BinaryFormatter
быть опасной. Дополнительные сведения см. в руководстве по безопасности BinaryFormatter и руководстве по миграции BinaryFormatter.
При отправке больших наборов данных в сообщениях веб-служб возникают две проблемы:
Рабочий набор большого размера (память) из-за буферизации модулем сериализации.
Чрезмерное потребление пропускной способности сети из-за 33-процентного увеличения после кодирования Base64.
Чтобы решить эти проблемы, реализуйте интерфейс IXmlSerializable для управления сериализацией и десериализацией. В частности, реализуйте методы WriteXml и ReadXml для фрагментации данных.
Реализация фрагментации на стороне сервера
На сервере веб-метод должен отключать буферизацию ASP.NET и возвращать тип, реализующий IXmlSerializable.
Тип, реализующий IXmlSerializable, фрагментирует данные в методе WriteXml.
Реализация обработки данных на стороне клиента
Измените веб-метод на прокси клиента для возвращения типа, реализующего IXmlSerializable. Это можно сделать автоматически с помощью SchemaImporterExtension, но в данном разделе это не представлено.
Реализуйте метод ReadXml для чтения потока фрагментированных данных и записи байтов на диск. При такой реализации также создаются события о ходе выполнения операции, которые можно отображать графически, например, в индикаторе выполнения.
Пример
В следующем примере кода показан веб-метод на клиенте, который выключает буферизацию ASP.NET. В нем также показана реализация интерфейса IXmlSerializable на стороне клиента, при которой данные фрагментируются в методе WriteXml.
[WebMethod]
[SoapDocumentMethod(ParameterStyle = SoapParameterStyle.Bare)]
public SongStream DownloadSong(DownloadAuthorization Authorization, string filePath)
{
// Turn off response buffering.
System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Buffer = false;
// Return a song.
SongStream song = new SongStream(filePath);
return song;
}
<WebMethod(), SoapDocumentMethodAttribute(ParameterStyle:=SoapParameterStyle.Bare)>
Public Function DownloadSong(ByVal Authorization As DownloadAuthorization, ByVal filePath As String) As SongStream
' Turn off response buffering.
System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Buffer = False
' Return a song.
Dim song As New SongStream(filePath)
Return song
End Function
End Class
[XmlSchemaProvider("MySchema")]
public class SongStream : IXmlSerializable
{
private const string ns = "http://demos.Contoso.com/webservices";
private string filePath;
public SongStream() { }
public SongStream(string filePath)
{
this.filePath = filePath;
}
// This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
public static XmlQualifiedName MySchema(XmlSchemaSet xs)
{
// This method is called by the framework to get the schema for this type.
// We return an existing schema from disk.
XmlSerializer schemaSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XmlSchema));
string xsdPath = null;
// NOTE: replace the string with your own path.
xsdPath = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("SongStream.xsd");
XmlSchema s = (XmlSchema)schemaSerializer.Deserialize(
new XmlTextReader(xsdPath), null);
xs.XmlResolver = new XmlUrlResolver();
xs.Add(s);
return new XmlQualifiedName("songStream", ns);
}
void IXmlSerializable.WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer)
{
// This is the chunking code.
// ASP.NET buffering must be turned off for this to work.
int bufferSize = 4096;
char[] songBytes = new char[bufferSize];
FileStream inFile = File.Open(this.filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
long length = inFile.Length;
// Write the file name.
writer.WriteElementString("fileName", ns, Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(this.filePath));
// Write the size.
writer.WriteElementString("size", ns, length.ToString());
// Write the song bytes.
writer.WriteStartElement("song", ns);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(inFile, true);
int readLen = sr.Read(songBytes, 0, bufferSize);
while (readLen > 0)
{
writer.WriteStartElement("chunk", ns);
writer.WriteChars(songBytes, 0, readLen);
writer.WriteEndElement();
writer.Flush();
readLen = sr.Read(songBytes, 0, bufferSize);
}
writer.WriteEndElement();
inFile.Close();
}
XmlSchema IXmlSerializable.GetSchema()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
void IXmlSerializable.ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
<XmlSchemaProvider("MySchema")>
Public Class SongStream
Implements IXmlSerializable
Private Const ns As String = "http://demos.Contoso.com/webservices"
Private filePath As String
Public Sub New()
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal filePath As String)
Me.filePath = filePath
End Sub
' This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
Public Shared Function MySchema(ByVal xs As XmlSchemaSet) As XmlQualifiedName
' This method is called by the framework to get the schema for this type.
' We return an existing schema from disk.
Dim schemaSerializer As New XmlSerializer(GetType(XmlSchema))
Dim xsdPath As String = Nothing
' NOTE: replace SongStream.xsd with your own schema file.
xsdPath = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("SongStream.xsd")
Dim s As XmlSchema = CType(schemaSerializer.Deserialize(New XmlTextReader(xsdPath)), XmlSchema)
xs.XmlResolver = New XmlUrlResolver()
xs.Add(s)
Return New XmlQualifiedName("songStream", ns)
End Function
Sub WriteXml(ByVal writer As System.Xml.XmlWriter) Implements IXmlSerializable.WriteXml
' This is the chunking code.
' ASP.NET buffering must be turned off for this to work.
Dim bufferSize As Integer = 4096
Dim songBytes(bufferSize) As Char
Dim inFile As FileStream = File.Open(Me.filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim length As Long = inFile.Length
' Write the file name.
writer.WriteElementString("fileName", ns, Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(Me.filePath))
' Write the size.
writer.WriteElementString("size", ns, length.ToString())
' Write the song bytes.
writer.WriteStartElement("song", ns)
Dim sr As New StreamReader(inFile, True)
Dim readLen As Integer = sr.Read(songBytes, 0, bufferSize)
While readLen > 0
writer.WriteStartElement("chunk", ns)
writer.WriteChars(songBytes, 0, readLen)
writer.WriteEndElement()
writer.Flush()
readLen = sr.Read(songBytes, 0, bufferSize)
End While
writer.WriteEndElement()
inFile.Close()
End Sub
Function GetSchema() As System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema Implements IXmlSerializable.GetSchema
Throw New System.NotImplementedException()
End Function
Sub ReadXml(ByVal reader As System.Xml.XmlReader) Implements IXmlSerializable.ReadXml
Throw New System.NotImplementedException()
End Sub
End Class
public class SongFile : IXmlSerializable
{
public static event ProgressMade OnProgress;
public SongFile()
{ }
private const string ns = "http://demos.teched2004.com/webservices";
public static string MusicPath;
private string filePath;
private double size;
void IXmlSerializable.ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
{
reader.ReadStartElement("DownloadSongResult", ns);
ReadFileName(reader);
ReadSongSize(reader);
ReadAndSaveSong(reader);
reader.ReadEndElement();
}
void ReadFileName(XmlReader reader)
{
string fileName = reader.ReadElementString("fileName", ns);
this.filePath =
Path.Combine(MusicPath, Path.ChangeExtension(fileName, ".mp3"));
}
void ReadSongSize(XmlReader reader)
{
this.size = Convert.ToDouble(reader.ReadElementString("size", ns));
}
void ReadAndSaveSong(XmlReader reader)
{
FileStream outFile = File.Open(
this.filePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
string songBase64;
byte[] songBytes;
reader.ReadStartElement("song", ns);
double totalRead = 0;
while (true)
{
if (reader.IsStartElement("chunk", ns))
{
songBase64 = reader.ReadElementString();
totalRead += songBase64.Length;
songBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(songBase64);
outFile.Write(songBytes, 0, songBytes.Length);
outFile.Flush();
if (OnProgress != null)
{
OnProgress(100 * (totalRead / size));
}
}
else
{
break;
}
}
outFile.Close();
reader.ReadEndElement();
}
public void Play()
{
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(this.filePath);
}
XmlSchema IXmlSerializable.GetSchema()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
Public Class SongFile
Implements IXmlSerializable
Public Shared Event OnProgress As ProgressMade
Public Sub New()
End Sub
Private Const ns As String = "http://demos.teched2004.com/webservices"
Public Shared MusicPath As String
Private filePath As String
Private size As Double
Sub ReadXml(ByVal reader As System.Xml.XmlReader) Implements IXmlSerializable.ReadXml
reader.ReadStartElement("DownloadSongResult", ns)
ReadFileName(reader)
ReadSongSize(reader)
ReadAndSaveSong(reader)
reader.ReadEndElement()
End Sub
Sub ReadFileName(ByVal reader As XmlReader)
Dim fileName As String = reader.ReadElementString("fileName", ns)
Me.filePath = Path.Combine(MusicPath, Path.ChangeExtension(fileName, ".mp3"))
End Sub
Sub ReadSongSize(ByVal reader As XmlReader)
Me.size = Convert.ToDouble(reader.ReadElementString("size", ns))
End Sub
Sub ReadAndSaveSong(ByVal reader As XmlReader)
Dim outFile As FileStream = File.Open(Me.filePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)
Dim songBase64 As String
Dim songBytes() As Byte
reader.ReadStartElement("song", ns)
Dim totalRead As Double = 0
While True
If reader.IsStartElement("chunk", ns) Then
songBase64 = reader.ReadElementString()
totalRead += songBase64.Length
songBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(songBase64)
outFile.Write(songBytes, 0, songBytes.Length)
outFile.Flush()
RaiseEvent OnProgress((100 * (totalRead / size)))
Else
Exit While
End If
End While
outFile.Close()
reader.ReadEndElement()
End Sub
Public Sub Play()
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Me.filePath)
End Sub
Function GetSchema() As System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema Implements IXmlSerializable.GetSchema
Throw New System.NotImplementedException()
End Function
Public Sub WriteXml(ByVal writer As XmlWriter) Implements IXmlSerializable.WriteXml
Throw New System.NotImplementedException()
End Sub
End Class
Компиляция кода
- В коде используются следующие пространства имен: System, System.Runtime.Serialization, System.Web.Services, System.Web.Services.Protocols, System.Xml, System.Xml.Serialization и System.Xml.Schema.