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Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8

Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

For examples of how to use this command, see Examples.

Syntax

for {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

Parameters

Parameter

Description

{%%|%}<Variable>

Required. Represents a replaceable parameter. Use a single percent sign (%) to carry out the for command at the command prompt. Use double percent signs (%%) to carry out the for command within a batch file. Variables are case sensitive, and they must be represented with an alphabetical value such as %A, %B, or %C.

(<Set>)

Required. Specifies one or more files, directories, or text strings, or a range of values on which to run the command. The parentheses are required.

<Command>

Required. Specifies the command that you want to carry out on each file, directory, or text string, or on the range of values included in Set.

<CommandLineOptions>

Specifies any command-line options that you want to use with the specified command.

/?

Displays help at the command prompt.

Remarks

  • Using for

    You can use the for command within a batch file or directly from the command prompt.

  • Using batch parameters

    The following attributes apply to the for command:

    • The for command replaces **%**Variable or **%%**Variable with each text string in the specified set until the specified command processes all of the files.

    • Variable names are case sensitive, global, and no more than 52 can be active at a time.

    • To avoid confusion with the batch parameters %0 through %9, you can use any character for Variable except the numerals 0 through 9. For simple batch files, a single character such as %%f will work.

    • You can use multiple values for Variable in complex batch files to distinguish different replaceable variables.

  • Specifying a group of files

    The Set parameter can represent a single group of files or several groups of files. You can use wildcard characters (* and ?) to specify a file set. The following are valid file sets:

    (*.doc) 
(*.doc *.txt *.me)
(jan*.doc jan*.rpt feb*.doc feb*.rpt)
(ar??1991.* ap??1991.*)

    When you use the for command, the first value in Set replaces **%**Variable or **%%**Variable, and then the specified command processes this value. This continues until all of the files (or groups of files) that correspond to the Set value are processed.

  • Using the in and do keywords

    In and do are not parameters, but you must use them with for. If you omit either of these keywords, an error message appears.

  • Using additional forms of for

    If command extensions are enabled (that is the default), the following additional forms of for are supported:

    • Directories only

      If Set contains wildcard characters (* or ?), the specified Command executes for each directory (instead of a set of files in a specified directory) that matches Set.

      The syntax is:

      for /d {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

    • Recursive

      Walks the directory tree that is rooted at Drive:Path and executes the for statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory is specified after /r, the current directory is used as the root directory. If Set is just a single period (.), it only enumerates the directory tree.

      The syntax is:

      for /r [[<Drive>:]<Path>] {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

    • Iterating a range of values

      Use an iterative variable to set the starting value (Start#) and then step through a set range of values until the value exceeds the set ending value (End#). /l will execute the iterative by comparing Start# with End#. If Start# is less than End# the command will execute. When the iterative variable exceeds End#, the command shell exits the loop. You can also use a negative Step# to step through a range in decreasing values. For example, (1,1,5) generates the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) generates the sequence 5 4 3 2 1.

      The syntax is:

      for /l {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Start#>,<Step#>,<End#>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

    • Iterating and file parsing

      Use file parsing to process command output, strings, and file content. Use iterative variables to define the content or strings that you want to examine, and use the various ParsingKeywords options to further modify the parsing. Use the ParsingKeywords token option to specify which tokens should be passed as iterative variables. Note that when used without the token option, /f will only examine the first token.

      File parsing consists of reading the output, string, or file content, and then breaking it into individual lines of text and parsing each line into zero or more tokens. The for loop is then called with the iterative variable value set to the token. By default, /f passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file. Blank lines are skipped.

      The syntaxes are:

      for /f ["<ParsingKeywords>"] {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]
for /f ["ParsingKeywords"] {%%|%}<Variable> in ("<LiteralString>") do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]
for /f ["<ParsingKeywords>"] {%%|%}<Variable> in ('<Command>') do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

      The Set argument specifies one or more file names. Each file is opened, read, and processed before moving to the next file in Set. To override the default parsing behavior, specify ParsingKeywords. This is a quoted string that contains one or more keywords to specify different parsing options.

      If you use the usebackq option, use one of the following syntaxes:

      for /f ["usebackq <ParsingKeywords>"] {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]
for /f ["usebackq <ParsingKeywords>"] {%%|%}<Variable> in ("<LiteralString>") do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]
for /f ["usebackq <ParsingKeywords>"] {%%|%}<Variable> in ('<Command>') do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

      The following table lists the parsing keywords that you can use for ParsingKeywords.

      Keyword

      Description

      eol=<c>

      Specifies an end of line character (just one character).

      skip=<N>

      Specifies the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file.

      delims=<xxx>

      Specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the default delimiter set of space and tab.

      tokens=<X,Y,M–N>

      Specifies which tokens from each line are to be passed to the for loop for each iteration. As a result, additional variable names are allocated. M–N specifies a range, from the Mth through the Nth tokens. If the last character in the tokens= string is an asterisk (*), an additional variable is allocated, and it receives the remaining text on the line after the last token that is parsed.

      usebackq

      Specifies to execute a back-quoted string as a command, and a single-quoted string as a literal string command. Also, allows file names in Set to be enclosed in quotation marks.

    • Variable substitution

      The following table lists optional syntax (for any variable I).

      Variable with modifier

      Description

      %~I

      Expands %I which removes any surrounding quotation marks (" ").

      %~fI

      Expands %I to a fully qualified path name.

      %~dI

      Expands %I to a drive letter only.

      %~pI

      Expands %I to a path only.

      %~nI

      Expands %I to a file name only.

      %~xI

      Expands %I to a file name extension only.

      %~sI

      Expands path to contain short names only.

      %~aI

      Expands %I to the file attributes of file.

      %~tI

      Expands %I to the date and time of file.

      %~zI

      Expands %I to the size of the file.

      %~$PATH:I

      Searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %I to the fully qualified name of the first directory found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, this modifier expands to the empty string.

      The following table lists modifier combinations that you can use to get compound results.

      Variable with combined modifiers

      Description

      %~dpI

      Expands %I to a drive letter and path only.

      %~nxI

      Expands %I to a file name and extension only.

      %~fsI

      Expands %I to a full path name with short names only.

      %~dp$PATH:I

      Searches the directories that are listed in the PATH environment variable for %I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found.

      %~ftzaI

      Expands %I to an output line that is like dir.

      In the above examples, you can replace %I and PATH with other valid values. A valid for variable name terminates the %~ syntax.

      By using uppercase variable names such as %I, you can make your code more readable and avoid confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.

  • Parsing a string

    You can use the for /f parsing logic on an immediate string by wrapping Set in single quotes--for example, ('Set'). Set is treated as a single line of input from a file, and then it is parsed.

  • Parsing output

    You can use the for /f command to parse the output of a command by making a back-quoted string from the Set between the parentheses. It is treated as a command line, which is passed to a child Cmd.exe. The output is captured into memory and parsed as if it is a file.

Examples

To use for in a batch file, use the following syntax:

for {%%|%}<Variable> in (<Set>) do <Command> [<CommandLineOptions>]

To display the contents of all the files in the current directory that have the extension .doc or .txt by using the replaceable variable %f, type:

for %f in (*.doc *.txt) do type %f

In the preceding example, each file that has the .doc or .txt extension in the current directory is substituted for the %f variable until the contents of every file are displayed. To use this command in a batch file, replace every occurrence of %f with %%f. Otherwise, the variable is ignored and an error message is displayed.

To parse a file, ignoring commented lines, type:

for /f "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=," %i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %i %j %k

This command parses each line in Myfile.txt. It ignores lines that begin with a semicolon and passes the second and third token from each line to the for body (tokens are delimited by commas or spaces). The body of the for statement references %i to get the second token, %j to get the third token, and %k to get all of the remaining tokens. If the file names that you supply contain spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "File Name"). To use quotation marks, you must use usebackq. Otherwise, the quotation marks are interpreted as defining a literal string to parse.

%i is explicitly declared in the for statement. %j and %k are implicitly declared by using tokens=. You can use tokens= to specify up to 26 tokens, provided that it does not cause an attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter "z" or "Z."

The following example enumerates the environment variable names in the current environment. To parse the output of a command by placing Set between the parentheses, type:

for /f "usebackq delims==" %i in ('set') do @echo %i

Additional references

Command-Line Syntax Key