Windows Forms controls on Office documents overview

Artigo
02/02/2017

Applies to: Visual Studio Visual Studio for Mac

Note

This article applies to Visual Studio 2017. If you're looking for the latest Visual Studio documentation, see Visual Studio documentation. We recommend upgrading to the latest version of Visual Studio. Download it here

Windows Forms controls are objects that users can interact with to enter or manipulate data. In document-level projects for Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Office Word, you can add Windows Forms controls to the document or workbook in your project at design time, or you can programmatically add these controls at run time. You can programmatically add these controls to any open document or worksheet at run time in a VSTO Add-in for Excel or Word.

For more information, see How to: Add Windows Forms controls to Office documents.

Applies to: The information in this topic applies to document-level projects and VSTO Add-in projects for Excel and Word. For more information, see Features available by Office application and project type.

Use Windows Forms controls

You can add Windows Forms controls to documents and to customizable user interface (UI) elements, including actions panes, custom task panes, and Windows Forms. Windows Forms controls generally have the same behavior on documents as on these other UI elements, but some differences do exist. For information, see Limitations of Windows Forms controls on Office documents.

The decision whether to add Windows Forms controls to a document or some other UI element depends on several factors. When designing the UI of your solution, consider the uses of Windows Forms controls as described in the following table.

On a document.

When you want to display the controls 100% of the time.
When you want users to enter data directly in the document, for example, in forms-based documents where the editing surface is locked.
When you want the controls to display in line with the data in the document. For example, if you are adding buttons to each row of a list object, you would want them in line with each list item.

On the actions pane or a custom task pane.

When you want to provide contextual information to the user.
When you want only the results to appear in the document, and not the query controls and data.
When you want to ensure that the controls are not printed with the document.
When you want to ensure that controls do not interfere with the view of the document.

On a Windows Form.

When you want to control the size of the UI.
When you want to prevent users from hiding or deleting the controls.
When you want to get input from the user, and prevent the user from doing anything in the document until the input is received.

Add Windows Forms controls programmatically

You can add Windows Forms controls to Word documents and Excel worksheets at run time. The Visual Studio Tools for Office runtime provides helper methods for adding the most common Windows Forms controls. These helper methods enable you to quickly add controls to your Office document and access the combined Windows Forms control functionality and Office-related functionality of these controls.

For more information, see Add controls to Office documents at run time.

Use Windows Forms controls in document-level projects

Some aspects of using Windows Forms controls on documents are unique to document-level projects, which enable you to design the UI of your document by using the Visual Studio designer.

Create custom user controls

You can add a user control to your project and then add it to the Toolbox. You can then drag the user control directly to your document in the same way you would add a Windows Forms control to your document. There are some things to keep in mind when you create user controls:

Do not create a sealed user control. When you drag the control to your document, Visual Studio generates a wrapper class derived from the user control to extend it and support its use on the document. If the user control is sealed, Visual Studio cannot generate the wrapper class.
User controls must have the ComVisibleAttribute attribute set to true. User controls created inside an Office project have this attribute set to true by default, but user controls that are part of outside projects might not have this attribute set to true.
After you have added a user control to the document, do not rename or delete the UserControl class from the project. If you need to change the name of a user control you must first delete it from the document, and then add it again after the name has been changed.

Arrange controls at design time

If you add multiple controls to your Word and Excel documents at design time, you can quickly set the alignment of all of the selected controls by using the Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Excel toolbars in Visual Studio. These toolbars are available only when a document or worksheet is open in the designer.

When you select multiple controls in the designer, you can use the following buttons on these toolbars to arrange the controls:

Align Lefts
Align Centers
Align Rights
Align Tops
Align Middles
Align Bottoms
Make Horizontal Spacing Equal
Make Vertical Spacing Equal

Note

In Word projects, these buttons are enabled only if the selected controls are not in line with text. By default, controls that you add to the document at design time are in line with text.

Prevent old data from appearing in Excel workbooks during loading

When you add Windows Forms controls to documents or worksheets at design time, the controls remain in the document when the user closes the document. Controls added at design time are also called static controls.

When an Excel workbook that contains static controls is opened, the workbook displays a bitmap of the control in an ActiveX control until the customization code runs and loads the actual control. Excel creates this bitmap and stores it in the workbook whenever the workbook is saved. The bitmap shows the control as it appeared the last time the workbook was saved, including any data that the control was displaying. For more information about the ActiveX control that contains Windows Forms controls and bitmaps, see Limitations of Windows Forms controls on Office documents.

In certain conditions, the code does not load and only the bitmap is displayed, such as when the user opens the workbook in design mode. Also, if the user opens the workbook on a computer that does not have the Visual Studio Tools for Office runtime installed, the customization cannot run to load the controls and therefore only the bitmap of the control is visible. You should always remove personal information from controls on workbooks before saving the workbook and sending it to another user to ensure that your personal information is not accidentally disclosed.

Match control size to cell size on an Excel worksheet

You can set the control to be resized automatically when the size of the parent cell is changed. For more information, see How to: Resize controls within worksheet cells.

Add components that are shared by all worksheets

You can add components that you want to share among all worksheets, such as a DataSet, to the Workbook Designer instead of to the worksheets. The component will appear on the component tray.

Formula for embedding controls on an Excel worksheet

When you select a control in Excel, you will see =EMBED("WinForms.Control.Host","") in the Formula Bar. This text is necessary and should not be deleted.

Layout style of controls on a Word document

When you add a control to the Word document in a document-level project by using the Visual Studio designer, the control is added in line with text. To change the layout style of the control, right-click the control and then click Format Control. Select a wrapping style on the Layout page of the Format Object dialog box.

When you add a control to a Word document at run time, you can specify the layout style of the new control by using different Add<control class> method overloads of the ControlCollection class:

To add the control in line with text, use an overload that accepts a Range that specifies the location of the control.
To add the control as a floating shape, use an overload that accepts the left and top coordinates of the control.

For more information, see Add controls to Office documents at run time.

If you open a Word template in the Visual Studio designer, non-inline controls on the template might not be visible because Visual Studio opens the template in Normal view. To view the controls, change the view to Print Layout.

Controls outside the main document body

Windows Forms controls are not supported inside of a header or footer, or within a subdocument.

Add components at design time

Certain controls or components are not visible on the document and are instead displayed in a component tray. Visual Studio provides a component tray for each document window. The component tray appears on the screen only if components exist on the document.

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