__asm

Microsoft Specific

The __asm keyword invokes the inline assembler and can appear wherever a C or C++ statement is legal. It cannot appear by itself. It must be followed by an assembly instruction, a group of instructions enclosed in braces, or, at the very least, an empty pair of braces. The term "__asm block" here refers to any instruction or group of instructions, whether or not in braces.

Note

Visual C++ support for the Standard C++ asm keyword is limited to the fact that the compiler will not generate an error on the keyword. However, an asm block will not generate any meaningful code. Use __asm instead of asm.

Syntax:

__asm assembly-instruction [ ; ]

__asm { assembly-instruction-list } [ ; ]

Grammar

• __asm assembly-instruction ;opt

  __asm { assembly-instruction-list };opt

• assembly-instruction-list:
  assembly-instruction;opt

  assembly-instruction;assembly-instruction-list;opt

If used without braces, the __asm keyword means that the rest of the line is an assembly-language statement. If used with braces, it means that each line between the braces is an assembly-language statement. For compatibility with previous versions, _asm is a synonym for __asm.

Since the __asm keyword is a statement separator, you can put assembly instructions on the same line.

Before Visual C++ 2005, the instruction

__asm int 3

did not cause native code to be generated when compiled with /clr; the compiler translated the instruction to a CLR break instruction.

__asm int 3 now results in native code generation for the function. If you want a function to cause a break point in your code and if you want that function compiled to MSIL, use __debugbreak.

Example

The following code fragment is a simple __asm block enclosed in braces:

__asm {
   mov al, 2
   mov dx, 0xD007
   out dx, al
}

Alternatively, you can put __asm in front of each assembly instruction:

__asm mov al, 2
__asm mov dx, 0xD007
__asm out dx, al

Because the __asm keyword is a statement separator, you can also put assembly instructions on the same line:

__asm mov al, 2   __asm mov dx, 0xD007   __asm out dx, al

All three examples generate the same code, but the first style (enclosing the __asm block in braces) has some advantages. The braces clearly separate assembly code from C or C++ code and avoid needless repetition of the __asm keyword. Braces can also prevent ambiguities. If you want to put a C or C++ statement on the same line as an __asm block, you must enclose the block in braces. Without the braces, the compiler cannot tell where assembly code stops and C or C++ statements begin. Finally, because the text in braces has the same format as ordinary MASM text, you can easily cut and paste text from existing MASM source files.

Unlike braces in C and C++, the braces enclosing an __asm block don't affect variable scope. You can also nest __asm blocks; nesting does not affect variable scope.

END Microsoft Specific

See Also

Reference

C++ Keywords

Inline Assembler