Como: Contar, Somar ou Fazer média de dados usando LINQ (Visual Basic)

Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) makes it easy to access database information and execute queries.

The following example shows how to create a new application that performs queries against a SQL Server database. The sample counts, sums, and averages the results by using the Aggregate and Group By clauses. For more information, see Aggregate Clause (Visual Basic) and Cláusula Group By (Visual Basic).

The examples in this topic use the Northwind sample database. If you do not have the Northwind sample database on your development computer, you can download it from the Microsoft Download Center Web site. For instructions, see Downloading Sample Databases (LINQ to SQL).

Observação
Seu computador pode mostrar nomes ou locais diferentes para alguns dos elementos da interface do usuário do Visual Studio nas instruções a seguir. A edição do Visual Studio que você possui e as configurações que você usa determinam esses elementos. Para obter mais informações, consulte Configurações do Visual Studio.

To create a connection to a database

1. In Visual Studio, open Server Explorer/Database Explorer by clicking Server Explorer/Database Explorer on the View menu.

2. Right-click Data Connections in Server Explorer/Database Explorer and then click Add Connection.

3. Specify a valid connection to the Northwind sample database.

To add a project that contains a LINQ to SQL file

1. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, point to New and then click Project. Select Visual Basic Windows Forms Application as the project type.

2. On the Project menu, click Add New Item. Select the LINQ to SQL Classes item template.

3. Name the file northwind.dbml. Click Add. O Object Relational Designer (Designer Relacional de Objetos) é aberto para o northwind.dbml arquivo.

To add tables to query to the O/R Designer

1. In Server Explorer/Database Explorer, expand the connection to the Northwind database. Expand the Tables folder.

   Se você tiver fechado o Designer Relacional de Objetos, poderá reabri-lo por duas-clicando na northwind.dbml o arquivo que você adicionou anteriormente.

2. Click the Customers table and drag it to the left pane of the designer. Click the Orders table and drag it to the left pane of the designer.

   The designer creates new Customer and Order objects for your project. Notice that the designer automatically detects relationships between the tables and creates child properties for related objects. For example, IntelliSense will show that the Customer object has an Orders property for all orders related to that customer.

3. Save your changes and close the designer.

4. Save your project.

To add code to query the database and display the results

1. From the Toolbox, drag a DataGridView control onto the default Windows Form for your project, Form1.

2. Double-click Form1 to add code to the Load event of the form.

3. When you added tables to the O/R Designer, the designer added a DataContext object for your project. This object contains the code that you must have to access those tables, and to access individual objects and collections for each table. The DataContext object for your project is named based on the name of your .dbml file. For this project, the DataContext object is named northwindDataContext.

   You can create an instance of the DataContext in your code and query the tables specified by the O/R Designer.

   Add the following code to the Load event to query the tables that are exposed as properties of your DataContext and count, sum, and average the results. The sample uses the Aggregate clause to query for a single result, and the Group By clause to show an average for grouped results.

   Dim db As New northwindDataContext
   Dim msg = ""
   
   Dim londonCustomerCount = Aggregate cust In db.Customers
                             Where cust.City = "London"
                             Into Count()
   msg &= "Count of London Customers: " & londonCustomerCount & vbCrLf
   
   Dim averageOrderCount = Aggregate cust In db.Customers
                           Where cust.City = "London"
                           Into Average(cust.Orders.Count)
   msg &= "Average number of Orders per customer: " &
          averageOrderCount & vbCrLf
   
   Dim venezuelaTotalOrders = Aggregate cust In db.Customers
                              Where cust.Country = "Venezuela"
                              Into Sum(cust.Orders.Count)
   msg &= "Total number of orders from Customers in Venezuela: " &
          venezuelaTotalOrders & vbCrLf
   
   MsgBox(msg)
   
   Dim averageCustomersByCity = From cust In db.Customers
                                Group By cust.City
                                Into Average(cust.Orders.Count)
                                Order By Average
   
   DataGridView1.DataSource = averageCustomersByCity
   

4. Press F5 to run your project and view the results.

Consulte também

Tarefas

Walkthrough: Creating LINQ to SQL Classes (O/R Designer)

Referência

Aggregate Clause (Visual Basic)

Cláusula Group By (Visual Basic)

Conceitos

DataContext Methods (O/R Designer)

Outros recursos

LINQ no Visual Basic

Consultas(Visual Basic)

LINQ to SQL