DecryptByKey (Transact-SQL)

Decrypts data by using a symmetric key.

Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions

Syntax

DecryptByKey ( { 'ciphertext' | @ciphertext } 
              [ , add_authenticator 
                                , { authenticator | @authenticator } 
              ]
                          )

Arguments

• ciphertext
  Is data that has been encrypted with the key. varbinary.

• @ciphertext
  Is a variable of type varbinary that contains data that has been encrypted with the key.

• add_authenticator
  Indicates whether an authenticator was encrypted together with the plaintext. Must be the same value passed to EncryptByKey when encrypting the data. int.

• authenticator
  Is data from which to generate an authenticator. Must match the value that was supplied to EncryptByKey. sysname.

• @authenticator
  Is a variable that contains data from which to generate an authenticator. Must match the value that was supplied to EncryptByKey.

Return Types

varbinary with a maximum size of 8,000 bytes.

Remarks

DecryptByKey uses a symmetric key. This symmetric key must already be open in the database. There can be multiple keys open at the same time. You do not have to open the key immediately before decrypting the cipher text.

Symmetric encryption and decryption is relatively fast, and is suitable for working with large amounts of data.

Examples

A. Decrypting by using a symmetric key

The following example decrypts ciphertext by using a symmetric key.

-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;
GO

-- Now list the original ID, the encrypted ID, and the 
-- decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked, the original
-- and the decrypted ID will match.
SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalID 
    AS 'Encrypted ID Number',
    CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKey(EncryptedNationalID)) 
    AS 'Decrypted ID Number'
    FROM HumanResources.Employee;
GO

B. Decrypting by using a symmetric key and an authenticating hash

The following example decrypts data that was encrypted together with an authenticator.

-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;
GO

-- Now list the original card number, the encrypted card number,
-- and the decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked, 
-- the original number will match the decrypted number.
SELECT CardNumber, CardNumber_Encrypted 
    AS 'Encrypted card number', CONVERT(nvarchar,
    DecryptByKey(CardNumber_Encrypted, 1 , 
    HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT(varbinary, CreditCardID)))) 
    AS 'Decrypted card number' FROM Sales.CreditCard;
GO

See Also

Reference

EncryptByKey (Transact-SQL)
CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)
ALTER SYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)
DROP SYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)

Other Resources

Encryption Hierarchy
Choosing an Encryption Algorithm

Help and Information

Getting SQL Server 2005 Assistance