Weakly-typed JSON Serialization Sample

When serializing a user-defined type to a given wire format, or deserializing a wire format back into a user-defined type, the given user-defined type must be available on both the service and the client. Usually to accomplish this, the DataContractAttribute attribute is applied to these user-defined types and the DataMemberAttribute attribute is applied to their members. This mechanism also applies when working with JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) objects, as described in the topic How to: Serialize and Deserialize JSON Data.

In some scenarios, a Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service or client must access JSON objects generated by a service or client that is outside of the control of the developer. As more Web services publicly expose JSON APIs, it can become impractical for the WCF developer to construct local user-defined types into which to deserialize arbitrary JSON objects. This sample provides a mechanism that enables WCF developers to work with deserialized, arbitrary JSON objects, without creating user-defined types. This is known as weakly-typed serialization of JSON objects, because the type into which a JSON object deserializes is not known at compile time.

Note

The setup procedure and build instructions for this sample are located at the end of this topic.

For example, a public Web service API returns the following JSON object, which describes some information about a user of the service.

{"personal": {"name": "Paul", "age": 23, "height": 1.7, "isSingle": true, "luckyNumbers": [5,17,21]}, "favoriteBands": ["Band ABC", "Band XYZ"]}

To deserialize this object, a WCF client must implement the following user-defined types.

   [DataContract]
    public class MemberProfile
    {
        [DataMember]
        public PersonalInfo personal;

        [DataMember]
        public string[] favoriteBands;
    }

    [DataContract]
    public class PersonalInfo
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string name;

        [DataMember]
        public int age;

        [DataMember]
        public double height;

        [DataMember]
        public bool isSingle;

        [DataMember]
        public int[] luckyNumbers;
    }

This can be cumbersome, especially if the client has to handle more than one type of JSON object.

The JsonObject type provided by this sample introduces a weakly-typed representation of the deserialized JSON object. JsonObject relies on the natural mapping between JSON objects and .NET Framework dictionaries, and the mapping between JSON arrays and .NET Framework arrays. The following code shows the JsonObject type.

// Instantiation of JsonObject json omitted

string name = json["root"]["personal"]["name"];
int age = json["root"]["personal"]["age"];
double height = json["root"]["personal"]["height"];
bool isSingle = json["root"]["personal"]["isSingle"];
int[] luckyNumbers = {
                                     json["root"]["personal"]["luckyNumbers"][0],
                                     json["root"]["personal"]["luckyNumbers"][1],
                                     json["root"]["personal"]["luckyNumbers"][2] 
                                 };
string[] favoriteBands = {
                                        json["root"]["favoriteBands"][0],
                                        json["root"]["favoriteBands"][1]
                                    };

Note that you can "browse" JSON objects and arrays without the need to declare their type at compile time. For an explanation of the requirement for the top-level ["root"] object, see the topic Mapping Between JSON and XML.

Note

The JsonObject class is provided as an example only. It has not been thoroughly tested, and should not be used in production environments. An obvious implication of weakly-typed JSON serialization is the lack of type-safety when working with JsonObject.

To use the JsonObject type, the client operation contract must use Message as its return type.

[ServiceContract]
    interface IClientSideProfileService
    {
        // There is no need to write a DataContract for the complex type returned by the service.
        // The client will use a JsonObject to browse the JSON in the received message.

        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        Message GetMemberProfile();
    }

The JsonObject is then instantiated as shown in the following code.

// Code to instantiate IClientSideProfileService channel omitted…

// Make a request to the service and obtain the Json response
XmlDictionaryReader reader = channel.GetMemberProfile().GetReaderAtBodyContents();

// Go through the Json as though it is a dictionary. There is no need to map it to a .NET CLR type.
JsonObject json = new JsonObject(reader);

The JsonObject constructor takes a XmlDictionaryReader, which is obtained through the GetReaderAtBodyContents method. The reader contains an XML representation of the JSON message received by the client. For more information, see the topic Mapping Between JSON and XML.

The program produces the following output:

Service listening at https://localhost:8000/.
To view the JSON output from the sample, navigate to https://localhost:8000/GetMemberProfile
This is Paul's page. I am 23 years old and I am 1.7 meters tall.
I am single.
My lucky numbers are 5, 17, and 21.
My favorite bands are Band ABC and Band XYZ.

To set up, build, and run the sample

1. Ensure that you have performed the One-Time Setup Procedure for the Windows Communication Foundation Samples.

2. Build the solution WeaklyTypedJson.sln as described in Building the Windows Communication Foundation Samples.

3. Run the solution.

Note:

The samples may already be installed on your machine. Check for the following (default) directory before continuing. <InstallDrive>:\WF_WCF_Samples If this directory does not exist, go to Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) Samples for .NET Framework 4 to download all Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and WF samples. This sample is located in the following directory. <InstallDrive>:\WF_WCF_Samples\WCF\Scenario\Ajax\WeaklyTypedJson