Using an Asynchronous Server Socket

Artigo
12/13/2007

Asynchronous server sockets use the .NET Framework asynchronous programming model to process network service requests. The Socket class follows the standard .NET Framework asynchronous naming pattern; for example, the synchronous Accept method corresponds to the asynchronous BeginAccept and EndAccept methods.

An asynchronous server socket requires a method to begin accepting connection requests from the network, a callback method to handle the connection requests and begin receiving data from the network, and a callback method to end receiving the data. All these methods are discussed further in this section.

In the following example, to begin accepting connection requests from the network, the method StartListening initializes the Socket and then uses the BeginAccept method to start accepting new connections. The accept callback method is called when a new connection request is received on the socket. It is responsible for getting the Socket instance that will handle the connection and handing that Socket off to the thread that will process the request. The accept callback method implements the AsyncCallback delegate; it returns a void and takes a single parameter of type IAsyncResult. The following example is the shell of an accept callback method.

Sub acceptCallback(ar As IAsyncResult)
    ' Add the callback code here.
End Sub 'acceptCallback

void acceptCallback( IAsyncResult ar) {
    // Add the callback code here.
}

The BeginAccept method takes two parameters, an AsyncCallback delegate that points to the accept callback method and an object that is used to pass state information to the callback method. In the following example, the listening Socket is passed to the callback method through the state parameter. This example creates an AsyncCallback delegate and starts accepting connections from the network.

listener.BeginAccept( _
    New AsyncCallback(SocketListener.acceptCallback),_
    listener)

listener.BeginAccept(
    new AsyncCallback(SocketListener.acceptCallback), 
    listener);

Asynchronous sockets use threads from the system thread pool to process incoming connections. One thread is responsible for accepting connections, another thread is used to handle each incoming connection, and another thread is responsible for receiving data from the connection. These could be the same thread, depending on which thread is assigned by the thread pool. In the following example, the System.Threading.ManualResetEvent class suspends execution of the main thread and signals when execution can continue.

The following example shows an asynchronous method that creates an asynchronous TCP/IP socket on the local computer and begins accepting connections. It assumes that there is a global ManualResetEvent named allDone, that the method is a member of a class named SocketListener, and that a callback method named acceptCallback is defined.

Public Sub StartListening()
    Dim ipHostInfo As IPHostEntry = Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName())
    Dim localEP = New IPEndPoint(ipHostInfo.AddressList(0), 11000)
    
    Console.WriteLine("Local address and port : {0}", localEP.ToString())
    
    Dim listener As New Socket(localEP.Address.AddressFamily, _
       SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)
    
    Try
        listener.Bind(localEP)
        listener.Listen(10)
        
        While True
            allDone.Reset()
            
            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a connection...")
            listener.BeginAccept(New _
                AsyncCallback(SocketListener.acceptCallback), _
                listener)
            
            allDone.WaitOne()
        End While
    Catch e As Exception
        Console.WriteLine(e.ToString())
    End Try
    Console.WriteLine("Closing the listener...")
End Sub 'StartListening

public void StartListening() {
    IPHostEntry ipHostInfo = Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName());
    IPEndPoint localEP = new IPEndPoint(ipHostInfo.AddressList[0],11000);

    Console.WriteLine("Local address and port : {0}",localEP.ToString());

    Socket listener = new Socket( localEP.Address.AddressFamily,
        SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp );

    try {
        listener.Bind(localEP);
        listener.Listen(10);

        while (true) {
            allDone.Reset();

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a connection...");
            listener.BeginAccept(
                new AsyncCallback(SocketListener.acceptCallback), 
                listener );

            allDone.WaitOne();
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
    }

    Console.WriteLine( "Closing the listener...");
}

The accept callback method (acceptCallback in the preceding example) is responsible for signaling the main application thread to continue processing, establishing the connection with the client, and starting the asynchronous read of data from the client. The following example is the first part of an implementation of the acceptCallback method. This section of the method signals the main application thread to continue processing and establishes the connection to the client. It assumes a global ManualResetEvent named allDone.

Public Sub acceptCallback(ar As IAsyncResult)
    allDone.Set()
    
    Dim listener As Socket = CType(ar.AsyncState, Socket)
    Dim handler As Socket = listener.EndAccept(ar)

    ' Additional code to read data goes here.
End Sub 'acceptCallback

public void acceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
    allDone.Set();

    Socket listener = (Socket) ar.AsyncState;
    Socket handler = listener.EndAccept(ar);

    // Additional code to read data goes here.  
}

Reading data from a client socket requires a state object that passes values between asynchronous calls. The following example implements a state object for receiving a string from the remote client. It contains fields for the client socket, a data buffer for receiving data, and a StringBuilder for creating the data string sent by the client. Placing these fields in the state object allows their values to be preserved across multiple calls to read data from the client socket.

Public Class StateObject
    Public workSocket As Socket = Nothing
    Public BufferSize As Integer = 1024
    Public buffer(BufferSize) As Byte
    Public sb As New StringBuilder()
End Class 'StateObject

public class StateObject {
    public Socket workSocket = null;
    public const int BufferSize = 1024;
    public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize];
    public StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
}

The section of the acceptCallback method that starts receiving the data from the client socket first initializes an instance of the StateObject class and then calls the BeginReceive method to start reading the data from the client socket asynchronously.

The following example shows the complete acceptCallback method. It assumes that there is a global ManualResetEvent named allDone, that the StateObject class is defined, and that the readCallback method is defined in a class named SocketListener.

Public Shared Sub acceptCallback(ar As IAsyncResult)
    ' Get the socket that handles the client request.
    Dim listener As Socket = CType(ar.AsyncState, Socket)
    Dim handler As Socket = listener.EndAccept(ar)
    
    ' Signal the main thread to continue.
    allDone.Set()
    
    ' Create the state object.
    Dim state As New StateObject()
    state.workSocket = handler
    handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, state.BufferSize, 0, _
        AddressOf AsynchronousSocketListener.readCallback, state)
End Sub 'acceptCallback

    public static void acceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
        // Get the socket that handles the client request.
        Socket listener = (Socket) ar.AsyncState;
        Socket handler = listener.EndAccept(ar);

        // Signal the main thread to continue.
        allDone.Set();

        // Create the state object.
        StateObject state = new StateObject();
        state.workSocket = handler;
        handler.BeginReceive( state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
            new AsyncCallback(AsynchronousSocketListener.readCallback), state);
    }

The final method that needs to be implemented for the asynchronous socket server is the read callback method that returns the data sent by the client. Like the accept callback method, the read callback method is an AsyncCallback delegate. This method reads one or more bytes from the client socket into the data buffer and then calls the BeginReceive method again until the data sent by the client is complete. Once the entire message has been read from the client, the string is displayed on the console and the server socket handling the connection to the client is closed.

The following sample implements the readCallback method. It assumes that the StateObject class is defined.

Public Shared Sub readCallback(ar As IAsyncResult)
    Dim state As StateObject = CType(ar.AsyncState, StateObject)
    Dim handler As Socket = state.workSocket
    
    ' Read data from the client socket. 
    Dim read As Integer = handler.EndReceive(ar)
    
    ' Data was read from the client socket.
    If read > 0 Then
        state.sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(state.buffer, 0, read))
        handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, state.BufferSize, 0, _
            AddressOf readCallback, state)
    Else
        If state.sb.Length > 1 Then
            ' All the data has been read from the client;
            ' display it on the console.
            Dim content As String = state.sb.ToString()
            Console.WriteLine("Read {0} bytes from socket." + _
                ControlChars.Cr + " Data : {1}", content.Length, content)
        End If
    End If
End Sub 'readCallback

public static void readCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
    StateObject state = (StateObject) ar.AsyncState;
    Socket handler = state.WorkSocket;

    // Read data from the client socket.
    int read = handler.EndReceive(ar);

    // Data was read from the client socket.
    if (read > 0) {
        state.sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(state.buffer,0,read));
        handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,0,StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
            new AsyncCallback(readCallback), state);
    } else {
        if (state.sb.Length > 1) {
            // All the data has been read from the client;
            // display it on the console.
            string content = state.sb.ToString();
            Console.WriteLine("Read {0} bytes from socket.\n Data : {1}",
               content.Length, content);
        }
        handler.Close();
    }
}

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Using an Asynchronous Server Socket

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