Localizando o texto em documentos de Word
Este tópico estende as consultas anteriores para fazer algo útil: localizar todas as ocorrências de uma cadeia de caracteres no documento.
Exemplo
Este exemplo processa um documento de WordprocessingML, para localizar todas as ocorrências de uma parte específica de texto no documento. Para fazer isso, usamos uma consulta encontrar a cadeia de caracteres “hello world”. Este exemplo cria nos exemplos anteriores neste tutorial. A nova consulta é chamada nos comentários no código a seguir.
Para instruções para criar o documento de origem para este exemplo, consulte Criando o documento XML do Office Abra de origem.
Este exemplo usa as classes encontradas no assembly WindowsBase. Ele usa tipos no namespace System.IO.Packaging.
public static class LocalExtensions
{
public static string StringConcatenate(this IEnumerable<string> source)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string s in source)
sb.Append(s);
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
Func<T, string> func)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (T item in source)
sb.Append(func(item));
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate(this IEnumerable<string> source, string separator)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string s in source)
sb.Append(s).Append(separator);
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
Func<T, string> func, string separator)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (T item in source)
sb.Append(func(item)).Append(separator);
return sb.ToString();
}
}
class Program
{
public static string ParagraphText(XElement e)
{
XNamespace w = e.Name.Namespace;
return e
.Elements(w + "r")
.Elements(w + "t")
.StringConcatenate(element => (string)element);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
const string fileName = "SampleDoc.docx";
const string documentRelationshipType =
"https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument";
const string stylesRelationshipType =
"https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles";
const string wordmlNamespace =
"https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main";
XNamespace w = wordmlNamespace;
XDocument xDoc = null;
XDocument styleDoc = null;
using (Package wdPackage = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
PackageRelationship docPackageRelationship =
wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
if (docPackageRelationship != null)
{
Uri documentUri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(new Uri("/", UriKind.Relative),
docPackageRelationship.TargetUri);
PackagePart documentPart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri);
// Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()));
// Find the styles part. There will only be one.
PackageRelationship styleRelation =
documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
if (styleRelation != null)
{
Uri styleUri =
PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri);
PackagePart stylePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri);
// Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()));
}
}
}
string defaultStyle =
(string)(
from style in styleDoc.Root.Elements(w + "style")
where (string)style.Attribute(w + "type") == "paragraph" &&
(string)style.Attribute(w + "default") == "1"
select style
).First().Attribute(w + "styleId");
// Find all paragraphs in the document.
var paragraphs =
from para in xDoc
.Root
.Element(w + "body")
.Descendants(w + "p")
let styleNode = para
.Elements(w + "pPr")
.Elements(w + "pStyle")
.FirstOrDefault()
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para,
StyleName = styleNode != null ?
(string)styleNode.Attribute(w + "val") :
defaultStyle
};
// Retrieve the text of each paragraph.
var paraWithText =
from para in paragraphs
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode,
StyleName = para.StyleName,
Text = ParagraphText(para.ParagraphNode)
};
// Following is the new query that retrieves all paragraphs
// that have specific text in them.
var helloParagraphs =
from para in paraWithText
where para.Text.Contains("Hello")
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode,
StyleName = para.StyleName,
Text = para.Text
};
foreach (var p in helloParagraphs)
Console.WriteLine("StyleName:{0} >{1}<", p.StyleName, p.Text);
}
}
Imports <xmlns:w="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main">
Module Module1
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of String)) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each s As String In source
sb.Append(s)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal func As Func(Of T, String)) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each item As T In source
sb.Append(func(item))
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal separator As String) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each s As T In source
sb.Append(s).Append(separator)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal func As Func(Of T, String), ByVal separator As String) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each item As T In source
sb.Append(func(item)).Append(separator)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
Public Function ParagraphText(ByVal e As XElement) As String
Dim w As XNamespace = e.Name.Namespace
Return (e.<w:r>.<w:t>).StringConcatenate(Function(element) CStr(element))
End Function
' Following function is required because VB does not support short circuit evaluation
Private Function GetStyleOfParagraph(ByVal styleNode As XElement, ByVal defaultStyle As String) As String
If (styleNode Is Nothing) Then
Return defaultStyle
Else
Return styleNode.@w:val
End If
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim fileName = "SampleDoc.docx"
Dim documentRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument"
Dim stylesRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles"
Dim wordmlNamespace = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main"
Dim xDoc As XDocument = Nothing
Dim styleDoc As XDocument = Nothing
Using wdPackage As Package = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim docPackageRelationship As PackageRelationship = wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
If (docPackageRelationship IsNot Nothing) Then
Dim documentUri As Uri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(New Uri("/", UriKind.Relative), docPackageRelationship.TargetUri)
Dim documentPart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri)
' Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()))
' Find the styles part. There will only be one.
Dim styleRelation As PackageRelationship = documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
If (styleRelation IsNot Nothing) Then
Dim styleUri As Uri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri)
Dim stylePart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri)
' Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()))
End If
End If
End Using
Dim defaultStyle As String = _
( _
From style In styleDoc.Root.<w:style> _
Where style.@w:type = "paragraph" And _
style.@w:default = "1" _
Select style _
).First().@w:styleId
' Find all paragraphs in the document.
Dim paragraphs = _
From para In xDoc.Root.<w:body>...<w:p> _
Let styleNode As XElement = para.<w:pPr>.<w:pStyle>.FirstOrDefault _
Select New With { _
.ParagraphNode = para, _
.StyleName = GetStyleOfParagraph(styleNode, defaultStyle) _
}
' Retrieve the text of each paragraph.
Dim paraWithText = _
From para In paragraphs _
Select New With { _
.ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode, _
.StyleName = para.StyleName, _
.Text = ParagraphText(para.ParagraphNode) _
}
' Following is the new query that retrieves all paragraphs
' that have specific text in them.
Dim helloParagraphs = _
From para In paraWithText _
Where para.Text.Contains("Hello") _
Select New With _
{ _
.ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode, _
.StyleName = para.StyleName, _
.Text = para.Text _
}
For Each p In helloParagraphs
Console.WriteLine("StyleName:{0} >{1}<", p.StyleName, p.Text)
Next
End Sub
End Module
Este exemplo gera a seguinte saída:
StyleName:Code > Console.WriteLine("Hello World");<
StyleName:Code >Hello World<
Você pode, é claro, altere a pesquisa para que procura por linhas com um determinado estilo. A consulta a seguir localiza todas as linhas em branco que têm o estilo de código a seguir:
public static class LocalExtensions
{
public static string StringConcatenate(this IEnumerable<string> source)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string s in source)
sb.Append(s);
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
Func<T, string> func)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (T item in source)
sb.Append(func(item));
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate(this IEnumerable<string> source, string separator)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string s in source)
sb.Append(s).Append(separator);
return sb.ToString();
}
public static string StringConcatenate<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
Func<T, string> func, string separator)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (T item in source)
sb.Append(func(item)).Append(separator);
return sb.ToString();
}
}
class Program
{
public static string ParagraphText(XElement e)
{
XNamespace w = e.Name.Namespace;
return e
.Elements(w + "r")
.Elements(w + "t")
.StringConcatenate(element => (string)element);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
const string fileName = "SampleDoc.docx";
const string documentRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument";
const string stylesRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles";
const string wordmlNamespace = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main";
XNamespace w = wordmlNamespace;
XDocument xDoc = null;
XDocument styleDoc = null;
using (Package wdPackage = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
PackageRelationship docPackageRelationship = wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
if (docPackageRelationship != null)
{
Uri documentUri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(new Uri("/", UriKind.Relative), docPackageRelationship.TargetUri);
PackagePart documentPart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri);
// Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()));
// Find the styles part. There will only be one.
PackageRelationship styleRelation = documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
if (styleRelation != null)
{
Uri styleUri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri);
PackagePart stylePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri);
// Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()));
}
}
}
string defaultStyle =
(string)(
from style in styleDoc.Root.Elements(w + "style")
where (string)style.Attribute(w + "type") == "paragraph" &&
(string)style.Attribute(w + "default") == "1"
select style
).First().Attribute(w + "styleId");
// Find all paragraphs in the document.
var paragraphs =
from para in xDoc
.Root
.Element(w + "body")
.Descendants(w + "p")
let styleNode = para
.Elements(w + "pPr")
.Elements(w + "pStyle")
.FirstOrDefault()
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para,
StyleName = styleNode != null ?
(string)styleNode.Attribute(w + "val") :
defaultStyle
};
// Retrieve the text of each paragraph.
var paraWithText =
from para in paragraphs
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode,
StyleName = para.StyleName,
Text = ParagraphText(para.ParagraphNode)
};
// Retrieve all paragraphs that have no text and are styled Code.
var blankCodeParagraphs =
from para in paraWithText
where para.Text == "" && para.StyleName == "Code"
select new
{
ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode,
StyleName = para.StyleName,
Text = para.Text
};
foreach (var p in blankCodeParagraphs)
Console.WriteLine("StyleName:{0} >{1}<", p.StyleName, p.Text);
}
}
Imports System.IO.Packaging
Imports <xmlns:w="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main">
Module Module1
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of String)) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each s As String In source
sb.Append(s)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal func As Func(Of T, String)) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each item As T In source
sb.Append(func(item))
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal separator As String) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each s As T In source
sb.Append(s).Append(separator)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Function StringConcatenate(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), _
ByVal func As Func(Of T, String), ByVal separator As String) As String
Dim sb As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
For Each item As T In source
sb.Append(func(item)).Append(separator)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
Public Function ParagraphText(ByVal e As XElement) As String
Dim w As XNamespace = e.Name.Namespace
Return (e.<w:r>.<w:t>).StringConcatenate(Function(element) CStr(element))
End Function
' Following function is required because VB does not support short circuit evaluation
Private Function GetStyleOfParagraph(ByVal styleNode As XElement, ByVal defaultStyle As String) As String
If (styleNode Is Nothing) Then
Return defaultStyle
Else
Return styleNode.@w:val
End If
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim fileName = "SampleDoc.docx"
Dim documentRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument"
Dim stylesRelationshipType = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles"
Dim wordmlNamespace = "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main"
Dim xDoc As XDocument = Nothing
Dim styleDoc As XDocument = Nothing
Using wdPackage As Package = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim docPackageRelationship As PackageRelationship = wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
If (docPackageRelationship IsNot Nothing) Then
Dim documentUri As Uri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(New Uri("/", UriKind.Relative), docPackageRelationship.TargetUri)
Dim documentPart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri)
' Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()))
' Find the styles part. There will only be one.
Dim styleRelation As PackageRelationship = documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
If (styleRelation IsNot Nothing) Then
Dim styleUri As Uri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri)
Dim stylePart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri)
' Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()))
End If
End If
End Using
Dim defaultStyle As String = _
( _
From style In styleDoc.Root.<w:style> _
Where style.@w:type = "paragraph" And _
style.@w:default = "1" _
Select style _
).First().@w:styleId
' Find all paragraphs in the document.
Dim paragraphs = _
From para In xDoc.Root.<w:body>...<w:p> _
Let styleNode As XElement = para.<w:pPr>.<w:pStyle>.FirstOrDefault _
Select New With { _
.ParagraphNode = para, _
.StyleName = GetStyleOfParagraph(styleNode, defaultStyle) _
}
' Retrieve the text of each paragraph.
Dim paraWithText = _
From para In paragraphs _
Select New With { _
.ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode, _
.StyleName = para.StyleName, _
.Text = ParagraphText(para.ParagraphNode) _
}
' Retrieve all paragraphs that have no text and are styled Code.
Dim blankCodeParagraphs = _
From para In paraWithText _
Where String.IsNullOrEmpty(para.Text) And para.StyleName.Equals("Code") _
Select New With _
{ _
.ParagraphNode = para.ParagraphNode, _
.StyleName = para.StyleName, _
.Text = para.Text _
}
For Each p In blankCodeParagraphs
Console.WriteLine("StyleName:{0} >{1}<", p.StyleName, p.Text)
Next
End Sub
End Module
Este exemplo gera a seguinte saída:
StyleName:Code ><
Naturalmente, este exemplo pode ser aprimorado de várias maneiras. Por exemplo, nós poderíamos usar expressões regulares para procurar pelo texto, nós poderíamos iterar através de todos os arquivos do Word em um diretório específico, e assim por diante.
Observe que este exemplo reproduz funciona bem como se ele foi gravado como uma única consulta. Porque cada consulta é implementada em um lenta, a forma adiada, cada consulta não produz resultados até que a consulta é iterada. Para obter mais informações sobre a execução e de avaliação lazy, consulte Execução adiada e avaliação lenta em LINQ to XML.
Próximas etapas
A próxima seção fornece informações sobre documentos de WordprocessingML:
Consulte também
Tarefas
Refactoring usando uma função pura
Conceitos
Tutorial: manipulando conteúdo em um documento WordprocessingML