XML Schema is the root of WS-Evil?

For some reason I don't really understand, Don Box's appeal for Pragmatics has had exactly the opposite effect from what I think was intended- more thunder from the RESTifarian  pulpits, not an consensus to do the simplest thing that actually works for the different types of problems we face. 

Dare Obasanjo may not have liked my economy cars and trucks analogy, but I think he has the most apt diagnosis of what is generating all this - the W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD).

After working with XSD for about three years, I came to the conclusion that XSD has held back the proliferation and advancement of XML technologies by about two or three years. The lack of adoption of web services technologies like SOAP and WSDL on the world wide web is primarily due to the complexity of XSD.

These problems with XSD apply whether the schema describes resources or services, nouns or verbs, lightweight AJAX payloads or heavyweight WS-* service descriptions. For any non-trivial software development problem, the information in those XML whatever-they-are's is going to have to get processed by actual software (usually written in a typed OO language).  All those nasty details -- about null values, type system impedance mismatches, assumptions about cardinality, schema versioning and evolution, ad infinitum -- don't magically go away just because you think of your information as a resource rather than a service and manipulate it with 4 verbs rather than with more complex service contracts.  The slightly snarky points various people have made about not needing an HTTPBuilders mailing list miss the point that HTTP's job is done when the representation is transferred, but an application's job isn't done until some actual business operation is performed. So, whether you're building a SOAP web service or a RESTful service on Web 2.0, sooner or later you're likely to stumble over XSD's pitfalls.

The real problem here is that we're more or less stuck with XSD for the business applications that touch XML's sweet spot in the middle of documents, databases, and objects -- after years of expensive trial and error and endless email threads, XSD interop is getting darn close to tolerable.  During that time, no widely-available and reality-tested alternatives that hit that sweet spot have emerged. (DTDs and RELAX NG have weak data typing/binding capabilities in practice ... Schematron doesn't try, but does do a good job of complementing XSD to define data structure contracts that can't be expressed in a grammar-based schema language). 

In short, it's easy to agree with the Angstifarians :-) that there's a distinct odor of rot coming from the stack of WS-Stuff.  Many of the early ideas and specs have passed on but not given a decent burial, and the purifying flames of the REST debate have definitely had an beneficial effect on the current state of the art but the burns haven't fully healed. Still, it's not easy to buy the prescription for alternatives unless they really solve equally hard problems with much simpler means.  As a masochistic participant in this permathread for about four years now, I've yet to see compelling, detailed, practical examples where real business are solving the problems that WS-* addresses with only HTTP+XML (unless one ignores the bazillion person-hours and immense amounts of code that industrial-strength web sites have so far had to deploy).  And I'm still waiting for pragmatic guidance on exactly how to put these ideas in practice for an organization that needs something more complex than a stock quote service. 

The cure for WS-Rot won't come from a RESTifarian faith healer, but from plain ol' hard work -- to solidify the XML infratructure, to understand and explain best practice, and above all to build systems that actually work according to their purported principles and let the world know how it's done.

Comments

• Anonymous
  February 23, 2006
  > I've yet to see compelling, detailed, practical examples where real business are solving the problems that WS-* addresses with only HTTP+XML
  
  Lots of people are solving problems that SOAP/WSDL claim to solve with REST/XML. RSS feeds, Amazon web services, Flickr APIs, Yahoo! APIs, del.icio.us APIs, etc are all examples of web services that just use XML + HTTP.
  
  Secondly since the secure & reliable bits of WS-* hasn't even shipped yet, what do you think people are using to solve their problems in the meantime?
• Anonymous
  February 23, 2006
  So here's the dealio, yo: I 100% agree with both Mike and Don and anyone else who agrees with their point. The most important piece to all of this chat-chat-chattering going on in the blogosphere seems to be overlooked. No matter which way you slice it,
• Anonymous
  February 23, 2006
  Mike Champion: "I've yet to see compelling, detailed, practical examples where real business are solving the problems that WS-* addresses with only HTTP XML (unless one ignores the bazillion person-hours and immense amounts of code that industrial-strength
• Anonymous
  February 23, 2006
  Mike Glendinning writes comments that are longer and more elaborate than most of my blog entries — check it out here. (You should get a blog, Mike.) I’ll try to address some of his points here: What is SOAP? I agree that “REST
• Anonymous
  February 23, 2006
  Mike Champion: "The cure for WS-Rot won't come from a RESTifarian faith healer..." I bet it won't. Most of the...
• Anonymous
  June 16, 2009
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