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11/18/2011

TimeSpan Structure

Microsoft Silverlight will reach end of support after October 2021. Learn more.

Represents a time interval.

Namespace: System
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public Structure TimeSpan _
    Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of TimeSpan),  _
    IEquatable(Of TimeSpan), IFormattable

[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public struct TimeSpan : IComparable, IComparable<TimeSpan>, 
    IEquatable<TimeSpan>, IFormattable

The TimeSpan type exposes the following members.

Constructors

	Name	Description
	TimeSpan(Int64)	Initializes a new TimeSpan to the specified number of ticks.
	TimeSpan(Int32, Int32, Int32)	Initializes a new TimeSpan to a specified number of hours, minutes, and seconds.
	TimeSpan(Int32, Int32, Int32, Int32)	Initializes a new TimeSpan to a specified number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
	TimeSpan(Int32, Int32, Int32, Int32, Int32)	Initializes a new TimeSpan to a specified number of days, hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds.

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Properties

	Name	Description
	Days	Gets the days component of the time interval represented by the current TimeSpan structure.
	Hours	Gets the hour component of the time interval represented by the current TimeSpan structure.
	Milliseconds	Gets the millisecond component of the time interval represented by the current TimeSpan structure.
	Minutes	Gets the minute component of the time interval represented by the current TimeSpan structure.
	Seconds	Gets the second component of the time interval represented by the current TimeSpan structure.
	Ticks	Gets the number of ticks that represents the value of the current TimeSpan structure.
	TotalDays	Gets the value of the current TimeSpan structure expressed in whole and fractional days.
	TotalHours	Gets the value of the current TimeSpan structure expressed in whole and fractional hours.
	TotalMilliseconds	Gets the value of the current TimeSpan structure expressed in whole and fractional milliseconds.
	TotalMinutes	Gets the value of the current TimeSpan structure expressed in whole and fractional minutes.
	TotalSeconds	Gets the value of the current TimeSpan structure expressed in whole and fractional seconds.

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Methods

	Name	Description
	Add	Returns a new TimeSpan object whose value is the sum of the specified TimeSpan object and this instance.
	Compare	Compares two TimeSpan values and returns an integer that indicates whether the first time interval is longer than, equal to, or shorter than the second time interval.
	CompareTo(Object)	Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an integer that indicates whether the time interval represented by this instance is longer than, equal to, or shorter than the time interval represented by the specified object.
	CompareTo(TimeSpan)	Compares this instance to a specified TimeSpan object and returns an integer that indicates whether the time interval represented by this instance is longer than, equal to, or shorter than the time interval represented by the specified TimeSpan object.
	Duration	Returns a new TimeSpan object whose value is the absolute value of the current TimeSpan object.
	Equals(Object)	Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. (Overrides ValueType.Equals(Object).)
	Equals(TimeSpan)	Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified TimeSpan object.
	Equals(TimeSpan, TimeSpan)	Returns a value indicating whether two specified instances of TimeSpan are equal.
	Finalize	Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from Object.)
	FromDays	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified number of days, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond.
	FromHours	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified number of hours, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond.
	FromMilliseconds	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified number of milliseconds.
	FromMinutes	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified number of minutes, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond.
	FromSeconds	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified number of seconds, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond.
	FromTicks	Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified time, where the specification is in units of ticks.
	GetHashCode	Returns a hash code for this instance. (Overrides ValueType.GetHashCode().)
	GetType	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object.)
	MemberwiseClone	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object.)
	Negate	Returns a new TimeSpan whose value is the negated value of this instance.
	Parse(String)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent.
	Parse(String, IFormatProvider)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified culture-specific format information.
	ParseExact(String, String, IFormatProvider)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified format and culture-specific format information. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly.
	ParseExact(String, array<String[], IFormatProvider)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified array of format strings and culture-specific format information. The format of the string representation must match one of the specified formats exactly.
	ParseExact(String, String, IFormatProvider, TimeSpanStyles)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified format, culture-specific format information, and styles. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly.
	ParseExact(String, array<String[], IFormatProvider, TimeSpanStyles)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified formats, culture-specific format information, and styles. The format of the string representation must match one of the specified formats exactly.
	Subtract	Returns a new TimeSpan object whose value is the difference between the specified TimeSpan object and this instance.
	ToString()	Converts the value of the current TimeSpan object to its equivalent string representation. (Overrides ValueType.ToString().)
	ToString(String)	Converts the value of the current TimeSpan object to its equivalent string representation by using the specified format.
	ToString(String, IFormatProvider)	Converts the value of the current TimeSpan object to its equivalent string representation by using the specified format and culture-specific formatting information.
	TryParse(String, TimeSpan%)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded.
	TryParse(String, IFormatProvider, TimeSpan%)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified culture-specific formatting information, and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded.
	TryParseExact(String, String, IFormatProvider, TimeSpan%)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified format and culture-specific format information, and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly.
	TryParseExact(String, array<String[], IFormatProvider, TimeSpan%)	Converts the specified string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified formats and culture-specific format information, and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded. The format of the string representation must match one of the specified formats exactly.
	TryParseExact(String, String, IFormatProvider, TimeSpanStyles, TimeSpan%)	Converts the string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified format, culture-specific format information, and styles, and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly.
	TryParseExact(String, array<String[], IFormatProvider, TimeSpanStyles, TimeSpan%)	Converts the specified string representation of a time interval to its TimeSpan equivalent by using the specified formats, culture-specific format information, and styles, and returns a value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded. The format of the string representation must match one of the specified formats exactly.

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Operators

	Name	Description
	Addition	Adds two specified TimeSpan instances.
	Equality	Indicates whether two TimeSpan instances are equal.
	GreaterThan	Indicates whether a specified TimeSpan is greater than another specified TimeSpan.
	GreaterThanOrEqual	Indicates whether a specified TimeSpan is greater than or equal to another specified TimeSpan.
	Inequality	Indicates whether two TimeSpan instances are not equal.
	LessThan	Indicates whether a specified TimeSpan is less than another specified TimeSpan.
	LessThanOrEqual	Indicates whether a specified TimeSpan is less than or equal to another specified TimeSpan.
	Subtraction	Subtracts a specified TimeSpan from another specified TimeSpan.
	UnaryNegation	Returns a TimeSpan whose value is the negated value of the specified instance.
	UnaryPlus	Returns the specified instance of TimeSpan.

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Fields

	Name	Description
	MaxValue	Represents the maximum TimeSpan value. This field is read-only.
	MinValue	Represents the minimum TimeSpan value. This field is read-only.
	TicksPerDay	Represents the number of ticks in 1 day. This field is constant.
	TicksPerHour	Represents the number of ticks in 1 hour. This field is constant.
	TicksPerMillisecond	Represents the number of ticks in 1 millisecond. This field is constant.
	TicksPerMinute	Represents the number of ticks in 1 minute. This field is constant.
	TicksPerSecond	Represents the number of ticks in 1 second.
	Zero	Represents the zero TimeSpan value. This field is read-only.

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Remarks

A TimeSpan object represents a time interval (duration of time or elapsed time) that is measured as a positive or negative number of days, hours, minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second. The TimeSpan structure can also be used to represent the time of day, but only if the time is unrelated to a particular date. Otherwise, the DateTime or DateTimeOffset structure should be used instead.

The largest unit of time used to measure duration is a day. Time intervals are measured in days for consistency, because the number of days in larger units of time, such as months and years, varies.

The value of a TimeSpan object is the number of ticks that equal the represented time interval. A tick is equal to 100 nanoseconds, and the value of a TimeSpan object can range from TimeSpan.MinValue to TimeSpan.MaxValue.

Instantiating a TimeSpan Value

You can instantiate a TimeSpan value in a number of ways:

By calling its implicit default constructor. This creates an object whose value is TimeSpan.Zero, as the following example shows.

Dim interval As New TimeSpan()
outputBlock.Text &= interval.Equals(TimeSpan.Zero) & vbCrLf     ' Displays "True".

TimeSpan interval = new TimeSpan();
outputBlock.Text += interval.Equals(TimeSpan.Zero) + "\n";    // Displays "True".

By calling one of its explicit constructors. The following example initializes a TimeSpan value to a specified number of hours, minutes, and seconds.

Dim interval As New TimeSpan(2, 14, 18)
outputBlock.Text &= interval.ToString() & vbCrLf                ' Displays "02:14:18".

TimeSpan interval = new TimeSpan(2, 14, 18);
outputBlock.Text += interval.ToString() + "\n";              // Displays "02:14:18".

By calling a method or performing an operation that returns a TimeSpan value. For example, you can instantiate a TimeSpan value that represents the interval between two date and time values, as the following example shows.

Dim departure As DateTime = #6/12/2010 6:32:00 PM#
Dim arrival As DateTime = #6/13/2010 10:47:00 PM#
Dim travelTime As TimeSpan = arrival - departure
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0} - {1} = {2}", arrival, departure, travelTime) & vbCrLf
' The example displays the following output:
'       6/13/2010 10:47:00 PM - 6/12/2010 6:32:00 PM = 1.04:15:00

DateTime departure = new DateTime(2010, 6, 12, 18, 32, 0);
DateTime arrival = new DateTime(2010, 6, 13, 22, 47, 0);
TimeSpan travelTime = arrival - departure;
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0} - {1} = {2}", arrival, departure, travelTime) + "\n";
// The example displays the following output:
//       6/13/2010 10:47:00 PM - 6/12/2010 6:32:00 PM = 1.04:15:00

TimeSpan values are returned by arithmetic operators and methods of the DateTime, DateTimeOffset, and TimeSpan structures.

By parsing the string representation of a TimeSpan value. You can use the Parse and TryParse methods to convert strings that contain time intervals to TimeSpan values. The following example uses the Parse method to convert an array of strings to TimeSpan values.

Dim values() As String = {"12", "31.", "5.8:32:16", "12:12:15.95", ".12"}
For Each value As String In values
   Try
      Dim ts As TimeSpan = TimeSpan.Parse(value)
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("'{0}' --> {1}", value, ts) & vbCrLf
   Catch e As FormatException
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("Unable to parse '{0}'", value) & vbCrLf
   Catch e As OverflowException
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("'{0}' is outside the range of a TimeSpan.", value) & vbCrLf
   End Try
Next
' The example displays the following output:
'       '12' --> 12.00:00:00
'       Unable to parse '31.'
'       '5.8:32:16' --> 5.08:32:16
'       '12:12:15.95' --> 12:12:15.9500000
'       Unable to parse '.12'

string[] values = { "12", "31.", "5.8:32:16", "12:12:15.95", ".12" };
foreach (string value in values)
{
   try
   {
      TimeSpan ts = TimeSpan.Parse(value);
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("'{0}' --> {1}", value, ts) + "\n";
   }
   catch (FormatException)
   {
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("Unable to parse '{0}'", value) + "\n";
   }
   catch (OverflowException)
   {
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("'{0}' is outside the range of a TimeSpan.", value) + "\n";
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       '12' --> 12.00:00:00
//       Unable to parse '31.'
//       '5.8:32:16' --> 5.08:32:16
//       '12:12:15.95' --> 12:12:15.9500000
//       Unable to parse '.12'

Formatting a TimeSpan Value

A TimeSpan value can be represented as [-]d.hh:mm:ss.ff, where the optional minus sign indicates a negative time interval, the d component is days, hh is hours as measured on a 24-hour clock, mm is minutes, ss is seconds, and ff is fractions of a second. That is, a time interval consists of a positive or negative number of days without a time of day, or a number of days with a time of day, or only a time of day. For example, the text representation of a TimeSpan object initialized to 1.0e+13 ticks is "11.13:46:40", which means 11 days, 13 hours, 46 minutes, and 40 seconds.

Examples

The following example instantiates a TimeSpan object that represents the difference between two dates. It then displays the TimeSpan object's properties.

outputBlock.FontFamily = New System.Windows.Media.FontFamily("Courier New")

' Define two dates.
Dim date1 As Date = #1/1/2010 8:00:15 AM#
Dim date2 As Date = #8/18/2010 1:30:30 PM#
' Calculate the interval between the two dates.
Dim interval As TimeSpan = date2 - date1
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0} - {1} = {2}", date2, date1, interval.ToString()) & vbCrLf
' Display individual properties of the resulting TimeSpan object.
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Days Component:", interval.Days) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Days:", interval.TotalDays) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Hours Component:", interval.Hours) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Hours:", interval.TotalHours) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Minutes Component:", interval.Minutes) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Minutes:", interval.TotalMinutes) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Value of Seconds Component:", interval.Seconds) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Total Number of Seconds:", interval.TotalSeconds) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Value of Milliseconds Component:", interval.Milliseconds) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Total Number of Milliseconds:", interval.TotalMilliseconds) & vbCrLf
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Ticks:", interval.Ticks) & vbCrLf
' The example displays the following output:
'       8/18/2010 1:30:30 PM - 1/1/2010 8:00:15 AM = 229.05:30:15
'          Value of Days Component:                             229
'          Total Number of Days:                   229.229340277778
'          Value of Hours Component:                              5
'          Total Number of Hours:                  5501.50416666667
'          Value of Minutes Component:                           30
'          Total Number of Minutes:                       330090.25
'          Value of Seconds Component:                           15
'          Total Number of Seconds:                      19,805,415
'          Value of Milliseconds Component:                       0
'          Total Number of Milliseconds:             19,805,415,000
'          Ticks:                               198,054,150,000,000

outputBlock.FontFamily = new System.Windows.Media.FontFamily("Courier New");

// Define two dates.
DateTime date1 = new DateTime(2010, 1, 1, 8, 0, 15);
DateTime date2 = new DateTime(2010, 8, 18, 13, 30, 30);
// Calculate the interval between the two dates.
TimeSpan interval = date2 - date1;
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0} - {1} = {2}", date2, date1, interval.ToString()) + "\n";
// Display individual properties of the resulting TimeSpan object.
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Days Component:", interval.Days) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Days:", interval.TotalDays) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Hours Component:", interval.Hours) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Hours:", interval.TotalHours) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Value of Minutes Component:", interval.Minutes) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20}", "Total Number of Minutes:", interval.TotalMinutes) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Value of Seconds Component:", interval.Seconds) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Total Number of Seconds:", interval.TotalSeconds) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Value of Milliseconds Component:", interval.Milliseconds) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Total Number of Milliseconds:", interval.TotalMilliseconds) + "\n";
outputBlock.Text += String.Format("   {0,-35} {1,20:N0}", "Ticks:", interval.Ticks) + "\n";
// the example displays the following output:
//       8/18/2010 1:30:30 PM - 1/1/2010 8:00:15 AM = 229.05:30:15
//          Value of Days Component:                             229
//          Total Number of Days:                   229.229340277778
//          Value of Hours Component:                              5
//          Total Number of Hours:                  5501.50416666667
//          Value of Minutes Component:                           30
//          Total Number of Minutes:                       330090.25
//          Value of Seconds Component:                           15
//          Total Number of Seconds:                      19,805,415
//          Value of Milliseconds Component:                       0
//          Total Number of Milliseconds:             19,805,415,000
//          Ticks:                               198,054,150,000,000

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0

XNA Framework

Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

Thread Safety

Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

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