vprintf_s, _vprintf_s_l, vwprintf_s, _vwprintf_s_l

Writes formatted output by using a pointer to a list of arguments. These versions of vprintf, _vprintf_l, vwprintf, _vwprintf_l have security enhancements, as described in Security Features in the CRT.

int vprintf_s(
   const char *format,
   va_list argptr 
);
int _vprintf_s_l(
   const char *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
);
int vwprintf_s(
   const wchar_t *format,
   va_list argptr 
);
int _vwprintf_s_l(
   const wchar_t *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
);

Parameters

• format
  Format specification.

• argptr
  Pointer to list of arguments.

• locale
  The locale to use.

For more information, see Format Specifications.

Return Value

vprintf_s and vwprintf_s return the number of characters written, not including the terminating null character, or a negative value if an output error occurs. If format is a null pointer, or if the format string contains invalid formatting characters, the invalid parameter handler is invoked, as described in Parameter Validation. If execution is allowed to continue, the functions return -1 and set errno to EINVAL.

For information on these and other error codes, see _doserrno, errno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr.

Remarks

Each of these functions takes a pointer to an argument list, then formats and writes the given data to stdout.

The secure versions of these functions differ from vprintf and vwprintf only in that the secure versions check that the format string contains valid formatting characters.

vwprintf_s is the wide-character version of vprintf_s; the two functions behave identically if the stream is opened in ANSI mode. vprintf_s doesn't currently support output into a UNICODE stream.

The versions of these functions with the _l suffix are identical except that they use the locale parameter passed in instead of the current thread locale.

Security Note
Ensure that format is not a user-defined string. For more information, see Avoiding Buffer Overruns.

Generic-Text Routine Mappings

TCHAR.H routine	_UNICODE & _MBCS not defined	_MBCS defined	_UNICODE defined
_vtprintf_s	vprintf_s	vprintf_s	vwprintf_s
_vtprintf_s_l	_vprintf_s_l	_vprintf_s_l	_vwprintf_s_l

Requirements

Routine	Required header	Optional headers
vprintf_s, _vprintf_s_l	<stdio.h> and <stdarg.h>	<varargs.h>*
vwprintf_s, _vwprintf_s_l	<stdio.h> or <wchar.h>, and <stdarg.h>	<varargs.h>*

* Required for UNIX V compatibility.

The console is not supported in Windows Store apps. The standard stream handles that are associated with the console—stdin, stdout, and stderr—must be redirected before C run-time functions can use them in Windows Store apps. For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility.

.NET Framework Equivalent

System::Console::Write

See Also

Reference

Stream I/O

vprintf Functions

fprintf, _fprintf_l, fwprintf, _fwprintf_l

printf, _printf_l, wprintf, _wprintf_l

sprintf, _sprintf_l, swprintf, _swprintf_l, __swprintf_l

va_arg, va_copy, va_end, va_start